Heart Disease and Stroke Flashcards - Chapter 8
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following are types of cardiovascular disease (CVD)? (Select all that apply)

  • Congestive heart failure (correct)
  • Atherosclerosis (correct)
  • High blood pressure (correct)
  • Diabetes

    • What is atherosclerosis?

    Clogged artery due to the accumulation of plaque.

    Define coronary heart disease (CHD).

    A condition where the coronary arteries are narrowed or blocked.

    What is a heart attack?

    <p>Tissue death to part of the heart muscle due to insufficient blood flow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is angina?

    <p>Chest pain or discomfort caused by restricted blood supply to the heart.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a stroke?

    <p>Brain cell injury due to blockage or rupture of blood vessels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the signs of a heart attack? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Nausea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are symptoms of a stroke? (Select all that apply)

    <p>Confusion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does CPR stand for?

    <p>Cardiopulmonary resuscitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of an Automated External Defibrillator (AED)?

    <p>Diagnoses abnormal heart rhythm and provides shock as appropriate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is considered high blood pressure?

    <p>150/95 mmHg</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does Hypercholesterolemia refer to?

    <p>Abnormally elevated total cholesterol levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a fasting lipoprotein profile measure?

    <p>Levels of LDL, HDL, and triglycerides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following risk factors with their descriptions:

    <p>Obesity = Higher risk for CHD, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, diabetes Diabetes = High blood glucose levels, can increase risk of atherosclerosis Stress = Can contribute to cardiovascular diseases High blood cholesterol = Increased risk of heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is coronary angioplasty?

    <p>A procedure where a balloon-tipped catheter is inserted into a narrowed coronary artery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Define coronary artery bypass graft.

    <p>A new route around a compromised coronary artery using a vein from the leg.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is carotid endarterectomy?

    <p>A surgical procedure to open a narrowed carotid artery and remove plaque.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cardiovascular Disease (CVD)

    • Includes conditions such as congestive heart failure, high blood pressure (hypertension), and peripheral artery disease (PAD).

    Atherosclerosis

    • Characterized by clogged arteries due to irregular thickening from plaque accumulation.

    Coronary Heart Disease (CHD)

    • Involves narrowing or blockage of coronary arteries, impacting blood flow to the heart muscle.

    Heart Attack

    • Results in tissue death (infarction) in the myocardium due to insufficient blood flow.

    Angina

    • Defined as chest pain or discomfort from restricted blood supply to the heart.

    Stroke

    • A "brain attack" caused by blockage or rupture of blood vessels, often linked to atherosclerosis.

    Heart Attack Alert (Signs)

    • Symptoms include chest discomfort, arm or back pain, shortness of breath, cold sweat, nausea, or light-headedness.

    Stroke Symptoms

    • Indicators include numbness or weakness typically on one side, confusion, trouble speaking or seeing, balance issues, or severe headaches without an apparent cause.

    CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation)

    • Focus consists of compression, airway management, and breathing assistance.

    Automated External Defibrillators (AED)

    • Devices that diagnose abnormal heart rhythms and deliver shocks; user-friendly with training available through organizations like the American Heart Association.

    High Blood Pressure (Hypertension)

    • Defined by elevated pressure against arterial walls; classified as systolic pressure of 140 mm or higher and diastolic pressure of 90 mm or higher (140/90).

    High Blood Cholesterol (Hypercholesterolemia)

    • Indicates elevated cholesterol levels; screenings recommended for individuals over 20 years old.

    Fasting Lipoprotein Profile

    • Measures LDL (bad cholesterol), HDL (good cholesterol), and triglycerides to assess cardiovascular health.

    Obesity

    • Increases risks for coronary heart disease, atherosclerosis, high blood pressure, high blood cholesterol, and diabetes.

    Diabetes

    • Defined by high blood glucose levels, often due to insufficient insulin production or response; type 2 diabetes is the most common form, generally occurring in middle age.

    Other Risk Factors

    • Include continued stress, aggressive personality traits, excessive alcohol consumption.

    Coronary Angioplasty

    • A minimally invasive procedure using a balloon-tipped catheter to open narrowed coronary arteries.

    Coronary Artery Bypass Graft

    • Surgical procedure creating an alternative route for blood flow around blocked arteries using veins from the leg.

    Carotid Endarterectomy

    • Surgery aimed at removing plaque from narrowed carotid arteries to restore proper blood flow to the brain.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on cardiovascular diseases, including definitions and key concepts from Chapter 8. This quiz covers essential terms like atherosclerosis and coronary heart disease. Perfect for mastering the basics of heart health.

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