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Questions and Answers
What is a potential consequence of constantly operating the heart in overdrive?
What can excess energy from stress hormones contribute to?
Which of the following is NOT a potential effect of chronic stress on the reproductive system?
What can acute stress lead to in the immune system?
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What is a potential consequence of elevated blood pressure?
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What can chronically inhibited hormones lead to in girls?
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What can vascular disease in the coronary arteries lead to?
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What can chronic stress lead to in the heart?
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What is the heart compared to in terms of its functionality?
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During acute stress, what happens to blood vessels?
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What is a potential consequence of hypertension?
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What do hormones like cortisol and glucagon do during stress?
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How does chronic stress affect the reproductive system in girls?
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What can stress hormones like cortisol contribute to in terms of cardiovascular disease?
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What is the result of chronic inhibition of hormones like LH and FSH in boys?
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What is the effect of acute stress on the immune system?
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How does chronic stress affect the heart?
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What is a potential consequence of vascular disease in blood vessels?
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What happens to the immune system during acute stress?
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What is a potential consequence of chronic stress on boys?
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What can extra blood sugar from stress hormones contribute to?
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What is a potential consequence of hypertension?
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What happens to ovulation and uterine development in girls during chronic stress?
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What is a potential consequence of blood vessels distending and becoming more rigid?
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Study Notes
Heart and Blood Vessels
- The heart is like a car engine, with valves and pressurized chambers, responsible for delivering blood and nutrients to organs.
- During acute stress, the heart rate and force of contraction increase, and blood vessels tighten to get blood and nutrients flowing faster.
- Constantly operating the heart in overdrive can be damaging.
Damaging Effects of Stress on the Heart
- Increased blood pressure leads to blood vessels distending and becoming more rigid, requiring more force from the heart to pump blood.
- This leads to a vicious cycle of elevated blood pressure, potentially causing hypertension (HTN).
- Hypertension can lead to vascular disease, where blood vessels experience damage, inflammation, and plaque buildup.
- Vascular disease in the coronary arteries can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD), heart attacks, and death.
Metabolism
- During stress, the body secretes hormones like cortisol and glucagon, converting stored energy into usable forms.
- If the extra energy is not used, it can exacerbate metabolic conditions like diabetes, leading to extra blood sugar.
- Extra blood sugar can contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Reproductive System
- Chronic stress can impede reproductive abilities, shutting down ovulation and uterine development in girls.
- Hormones involved in pregnancy, like LH and FSH, can become chronically inhibited, making it harder to release eggs or nurture their growth.
- Boys experience a similar inhibition of sex hormones, leading to reduced testosterone levels.
- Stress can cause erectile dysfunction (ED) in men due to reduced blood flow to the penis.
Immune System
- The immune system has two categories: innate (inflammation) and adaptive (specific white blood cells and antibodies).
- Acute stress can lead to overuse of the immune system, causing inflammation and attacking good things in the body.
- Chronic stress can suppress the immune system, making it less responsive to threats and increasing susceptibility to illness.
- Examples of suppressed immune system function include decreased wound healing and increased susceptibility to illness.
Heart and Blood Vessels
- Heart is responsible for delivering blood and nutrients to organs, with valves and pressurized chambers similar to a car engine.
- During acute stress, heart rate and force of contraction increase, and blood vessels tighten to get blood and nutrients flowing faster.
- Constantly operating the heart in overdrive can be damaging.
Damaging Effects of Stress on the Heart
- Increased blood pressure leads to blood vessels distending and becoming more rigid, requiring more force from the heart to pump blood.
- Elevated blood pressure can lead to hypertension (HTN), a vicious cycle of high blood pressure and heart damage.
- Hypertension can cause vascular disease, including damage, inflammation, and plaque buildup in blood vessels.
- Vascular disease in the coronary arteries can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD), heart attacks, and death.
Metabolism
- During stress, the body secretes hormones like cortisol and glucagon, converting stored energy into usable forms.
- If extra energy is not used, it can exacerbate metabolic conditions like diabetes, leading to extra blood sugar.
- Extra blood sugar can contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Reproductive System
- Chronic stress can impede reproductive abilities, shutting down ovulation and uterine development in girls.
- Hormones involved in pregnancy, like LH and FSH, can become chronically inhibited, making it harder to release eggs or nurture their growth.
- Boys experience a similar inhibition of sex hormones, leading to reduced testosterone levels.
- Stress can cause erectile dysfunction (ED) in men due to reduced blood flow to the penis.
Immune System
- The immune system has two categories: innate (inflammation) and adaptive (specific white blood cells and antibodies).
- Acute stress can lead to overuse of the immune system, causing inflammation and attacking good things in the body.
- Chronic stress can suppress the immune system, making it less responsive to threats and increasing susceptibility to illness.
- Examples of suppressed immune system function include decreased wound healing and increased susceptibility to illness.
Heart and Blood Vessels
- Heart is responsible for delivering blood and nutrients to organs, with valves and pressurized chambers similar to a car engine.
- During acute stress, heart rate and force of contraction increase, and blood vessels tighten to get blood and nutrients flowing faster.
- Constantly operating the heart in overdrive can be damaging.
Damaging Effects of Stress on the Heart
- Increased blood pressure leads to blood vessels distending and becoming more rigid, requiring more force from the heart to pump blood.
- Elevated blood pressure can lead to hypertension (HTN), a vicious cycle of high blood pressure and heart damage.
- Hypertension can cause vascular disease, including damage, inflammation, and plaque buildup in blood vessels.
- Vascular disease in the coronary arteries can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD), heart attacks, and death.
Metabolism
- During stress, the body secretes hormones like cortisol and glucagon, converting stored energy into usable forms.
- If extra energy is not used, it can exacerbate metabolic conditions like diabetes, leading to extra blood sugar.
- Extra blood sugar can contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Reproductive System
- Chronic stress can impede reproductive abilities, shutting down ovulation and uterine development in girls.
- Hormones involved in pregnancy, like LH and FSH, can become chronically inhibited, making it harder to release eggs or nurture their growth.
- Boys experience a similar inhibition of sex hormones, leading to reduced testosterone levels.
- Stress can cause erectile dysfunction (ED) in men due to reduced blood flow to the penis.
Immune System
- The immune system has two categories: innate (inflammation) and adaptive (specific white blood cells and antibodies).
- Acute stress can lead to overuse of the immune system, causing inflammation and attacking good things in the body.
- Chronic stress can suppress the immune system, making it less responsive to threats and increasing susceptibility to illness.
- Examples of suppressed immune system function include decreased wound healing and increased susceptibility to illness.
Heart and Blood Vessels
- Heart is responsible for delivering blood and nutrients to organs, with valves and pressurized chambers similar to a car engine.
- During acute stress, heart rate and force of contraction increase, and blood vessels tighten to get blood and nutrients flowing faster.
- Constantly operating the heart in overdrive can be damaging.
Damaging Effects of Stress on the Heart
- Increased blood pressure leads to blood vessels distending and becoming more rigid, requiring more force from the heart to pump blood.
- Elevated blood pressure can lead to hypertension (HTN), a vicious cycle of high blood pressure and heart damage.
- Hypertension can cause vascular disease, including damage, inflammation, and plaque buildup in blood vessels.
- Vascular disease in the coronary arteries can lead to coronary artery disease (CAD), heart attacks, and death.
Metabolism
- During stress, the body secretes hormones like cortisol and glucagon, converting stored energy into usable forms.
- If extra energy is not used, it can exacerbate metabolic conditions like diabetes, leading to extra blood sugar.
- Extra blood sugar can contribute to cardiovascular disease.
Reproductive System
- Chronic stress can impede reproductive abilities, shutting down ovulation and uterine development in girls.
- Hormones involved in pregnancy, like LH and FSH, can become chronically inhibited, making it harder to release eggs or nurture their growth.
- Boys experience a similar inhibition of sex hormones, leading to reduced testosterone levels.
- Stress can cause erectile dysfunction (ED) in men due to reduced blood flow to the penis.
Immune System
- The immune system has two categories: innate (inflammation) and adaptive (specific white blood cells and antibodies).
- Acute stress can lead to overuse of the immune system, causing inflammation and attacking good things in the body.
- Chronic stress can suppress the immune system, making it less responsive to threats and increasing susceptibility to illness.
- Examples of suppressed immune system function include decreased wound healing and increased susceptibility to illness.
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Description
Learn how the heart and blood vessels react to stress, and the potential damaging effects of chronic stress on the cardiovascular system.
