Hearing Disorders - Part 1
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Questions and Answers

What are the two main divisions of topics covered in the course?

  • Acute and Chronic disorders
  • Anatomical and Physiological disorders
  • Congenital and Acquired disorders (correct)
  • Pediatric and Adult disorders (correct)

What percentage of the final grade is the assignment worth?

  • 10%
  • 15% (correct)
  • 25%
  • 20%

Which part of the course will the midterm exam focus on?

  • Lectures 6 to 11
  • All lectures covered
  • Lectures 1 to 5 (correct)
  • Lectures 1 to 3

How are the exams structured in relation to the lectures?

<p>Final exam based on lectures 6 to 11 (A), Midterm based on first half, final based on second half (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is stated about textbooks for this course?

<p>No textbooks are required (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When will the lecturer post the lecture material?

<p>Each weekend before Monday's lecture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What kind of organizational structure is mentioned regarding lecture topics?

<p>Anatomical and Systems related division (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the lecturer indicate about their availability for marking assignments?

<p>They have limited time due to a full-time job (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the prefix 'hypo' indicate in medical terms?

<p>Too little (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following accurately describes the term 'tumor'?

<p>A benign growth or mass (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between a 'tumor' and a 'lesion'?

<p>Lesion is a general term for any abnormality (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is a part of the external ear?

<p>Ear canal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three main parts of the ear?

<p>External, middle, and inner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the anatomical term 'pinna'?

<p>Outer flap of the ear (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to know the anatomy of the ear?

<p>To facilitate communication regarding ear conditions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How should the positioning of the ear be considered in anatomy?

<p>It relates to its angulation on the head (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a sensitivity of 95% indicate?

<p>There is a chance of being wrong with a positive test. (A), There is a 95% chance of having the disorder if tested positive. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does an ectomy suffix signify in medical terminology?

<p>Something has been removed. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the medical term otorrhea refer to?

<p>Fluid discharge from the ear. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the structure of the cochlea described as?

<p>A spiral resembling a snail (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term describes the inflammation of the joints?

<p>Arthritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component separates the bony labyrinth and membranous labyrinth in the inner ear?

<p>Perilymphatic fluid (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the suffix -itis indicate?

<p>Infection or inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the cochlea is known as the basal turn?

<p>The widest part of the cochlea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the meaning of the prefix 'oto'?

<p>Related to the ear. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In medical terminology, what does plasty mean?

<p>Surgical procedure for alteration. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following structures aligns with the scalar media?

<p>Inner hair cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does myringotomy refer to?

<p>Incision made into the eardrum. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the cochlear part of the cranial nerve number 8?

<p>Hearing and auditory function (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could prevent normal auditory function even if the inner ear is intact?

<p>Injury to the cochlear vestibular nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is affected by disorders that specifically target the stria vascularis?

<p>Hair cells (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible consequence of an injury along the auditory central pathway?

<p>Hearing loss despite normal ear structure (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a true positive result indicate in medical testing?

<p>The test correctly detects a disease when it is present. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about specificity is true?

<p>Specificity refers to the test’s ability to identify negative results. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What component of test results indicates an incorrect identification of disease?

<p>False Positive (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the provided scenario, what was the sensitivity of the hypothetical genetic test?

<p>95% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is sensitivity calculated in medical testing?

<p>True Positives divided by the sum of True Positives and False Negatives (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are false negatives potentially harmful in a medical test?

<p>They provide misleading assurance of health. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about medical tests with high sensitivity?

<p>They can still produce false positives. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors can affect the sensitivity of a test like mammography?

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of the abducens nerve?

<p>Moves the eyes laterally (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

If a person cannot move their left eye laterally, which nerve might be affected?

<p>Abducens nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When a patient is asked to stick out their tongue and it deviates to the left, which cranial nerve issue is indicated?

<p>Left hypoglossal nerve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might lateral eye movement be impaired while medial movement remains intact?

<p>The abducens nerve is affected (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nerve is responsible for rotating the eye?

<p>Trochlear nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What could be a reason for an 80-year-old gentleman to have unclear speech after a stroke?

<p>Weakness in the hypoglossal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cranial nerve should be examined if a person demonstrates unilateral tongue deviation?

<p>Hypoglossal nerve (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens if one side of the tongue is weak during movement?

<p>The tongue is pulled towards the stronger side (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

First Half of Course Focus

The first half of the course focuses on conditions present at birth, including congenital disorders.

Second Half of Course Focus

The second half of the course covers disorders that develop after birth, including adult-onset conditions.

Course Organization

The course uses an anatomical or systems-based approach to organizing topics.

Course Assignment

A graded assignment worth 15% of the final grade.

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Midterm Exam

A mid-term exam covering material from the first five lectures.

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Final Exam

A final exam covering lectures 6 through 11, making up a significant portion of the final grade.

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Course Outline

A collection of topics or concepts presented in a structured way.

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Introductory Lecture

A lecture that introduces essential concepts used throughout the course.

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Oto

A medical term meaning related to the ear.

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Algia

A suffix meaning pain.

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Itis

A suffix denoting infection or inflammation of something.

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Otorrhea

Refers to fluid discharge, particularly from the ear.

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Ectomy

Medical term for a surgical procedure involving the removal of something.

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Myringotomy

Surgical procedure involving making an incision in the eardrum.

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Plasty

A medical term meaning something has been altered or reshaped.

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Rhinoplasty

Refers to a surgical procedure involving the reshaping of the nose.

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Bony labyrinth

The outer layer of the inner ear, made of bone.

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Membranous labyrinth

The inner part of the inner ear, consisting of fluid-filled membranous sacs.

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Perilymphatic fluid

The fluid that fills the space between the bony and membranous labyrinths.

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Endolymphatic fluid

The fluid inside the membranous labyrinth, essential for hearing.

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Cochlea

The snail-shaped structure in the inner ear responsible for hearing.

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Basal turn

The base of the cochlea, the wider part.

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Apical turn

The top of the cochlea, the narrower part.

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Scala media

A fluid-filled chamber within the cochlea that houses the delicate structures responsible for hearing.

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Sensitivity

The ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who HAVE the condition.

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Specificity

The ability of a test to correctly identify individuals who DO NOT have the condition.

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True Positive

A test result that correctly indicates the presence of a condition.

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True Negative

A test result that correctly indicates the absence of a condition.

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False Positive

A test result that incorrectly indicates the presence of a condition, when the person is actually healthy.

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False Negative

A test result that incorrectly indicates the absence of a condition, when the person actually has it.

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Ideal Test

A good test has high sensitivity and specificity, accurately identifying both positive and negative cases.

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Real-World Test Limitations

Real-world tests often have lower sensitivity and specificity than ideal tests. This means some cases may be missed or falsely identified.

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Tumor

A general term used to describe any kind of abnormal growth or mass in the body. It can be benign or malignant.

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Lesion

A term used to describe an abnormal change in tissue, which can include a rash, tumor, or other structural alteration.

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External Ear

The outer part of the ear, including the visible structure and the ear canal.

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Pinna or Auricle

The visible part of the ear, shaped like a funnel to gather sound.

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Ear Canal or External Auditory Canal

The tube that connects the pinna to the middle ear, where sound waves travel.

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Middle Ear

The middle section of the ear, containing bones that transmit sound vibrations.

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Inner Ear

The innermost part of the ear, containing the cochlea which converts sound vibrations into electrical signals.

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Positioning of the Pinna

The position of the pinna on the head, including its angle and shape.

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Lateral Eye Movement Impairment

The inability to move one or both eyes laterally (sideways).

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Abducens Nerve (CN VI)

Cranial nerve VI, responsible for controlling the lateral rectus muscle, which moves the eye outward.

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Medial Eye Movement

The movement of the eye towards the midline of the body.

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Tongue Deviation in Hypoglossal Nerve Damage

The tongue deviates to the weakened side due to a weakness in the hypoglossal nerve on that side.

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Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

Cranial nerve XII, controls tongue movement.

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Intelligibility

A person who has difficulty articulating words clearly, often due to problems with the tongue or mouth.

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Language Function

The ability to use language effectively and efficiently.

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Stroke

A sudden and intense loss of brain function caused by a blockage of blood flow or rupture of a blood vessel.

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Study Notes

Lecture 1: Hearing Disorders - Part 1

  • Students introduced themselves and their backgrounds
  • Professions vary greatly from medicine, including psychology, education, and theater.
  • Health professions place importance on communication skills and knowledge application.
  • Course outline is organized into pediatric/congenital and acquired/adult disorders.
  • Lectures will have an anatomical/systemic division
  • There will be one assignment (15%) and a midterm/final exam
  • No textbooks required for the course
  • Lecture notes will be available online

Lecture Outline for Today

  • Introduced the importance of understanding medical terms/definitions
  • Medical terminology uses prefixes and suffixes to describe parts and functions
  • Key terms: oto (ear), -itis (inflammation), Myalgia (muscle pain), Rhea (fluid), Ectomy (removal), and related medical terminology were discussed
  • Sensitivity and specificity in testing were introduced as terms used in identifying tests
  • Sensitivity refers to correctly identifying a condition when present
  • Specificity refers to correctly identifying a condition when absent
  • A table outlining sensitivity and specificity is a useful tool in testing
  • Course will review anatomy and physiology of the ear

Anatomy of the Inner Ear

  • Inner ear is also known as the "labyrinth"
  • Comprises three semicircular canals, the cochlea (hearing organ), and the vestibule/sacrum
  • Bony labyrinth surrounds the membranous labyrinth internally
  • Membranous labyrinth is filled with fluid
  • Understanding the inner ear parts and functions is vital for grasping diseases that affect the inner ear

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Related Documents

Lec # 1 Hearing Disorders: Part 1 PDF

Description

In this lecture, students are introduced to the fundamentals of hearing disorders, covering both pediatric and acquired conditions. Emphasis is placed on medical terminology used in the field, along with the significance of communication skills in health professions. Students also learn about evaluation methodologies including sensitivity and specificity in testing.

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