Healthcare on Violence and Chronic Conditions
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Questions and Answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT associated with violence against women?

  • Increased appetite (correct)
  • Anxiety
  • Low self-esteem
  • Bruises

    • Which of the following conditions can be a consequence of violence during pregnancy?

  • Improved placental function
  • Premature birth (correct)
  • High birth weight
  • Increased fetal movement

    • Which emotional symptom is often experienced by women who have experienced violence?

  • Depression (correct)
  • Extreme excitement
  • Increased energy
  • Euphoria

    • Which of the following symptoms is NOT directly related to physical violence?

    <p>Anxiety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a possible consequence of violence against women during pregnancy that can affect a woman's reproductive health?

    <p>Increased risk of miscarriage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for gestational diabetes?

    <p>Family history of diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common type of anemia during pregnancy?

    <p>Iron-deficiency anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions can be screened for routinely during prenatal visits?

    <p>Gestational diabetes (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for Group B Streptococcus (GBS) during labor?

    <p>Intravenous (IV) antibiotics (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication associated with diabetes in pregnancy?

    <p>Fetal macrosomia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended screening for gestational diabetes?

    <p>One-hour glucose challenge test at 24-28 weeks (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of congenital rubella syndrome?

    <p>Deafness (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended treatment for iron-deficiency anemia during pregnancy?

    <p>Iron supplements with vitamin C (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient presents with severe nausea and vomiting, leading to dehydration and weight loss. Which of the following conditions is most likely?

    <p>Hyperemesis Gravidarum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate management for a patient with a complete placenta previa?

    <p>Cesarean section delivery (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a risk factor for placental abruption?

    <p>Cocaine use (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient with gestational hypertension is at increased risk for developing which of the following conditions?

    <p>Pre-eclampsia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of administering magnesium sulfate to a woman with eclampsia?

    <p>Prevent seizures (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following scenarios necessitates immediate intervention with a knee-chest position and manual lifting of the presenting part?

    <p>Cord prolapse (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A patient experiencing strong, painful contractions despite minimal cervical dilation is likely experiencing which type of labor pattern?

    <p>Hypertonic labor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most appropriate management for a patient diagnosed with oligohydramnios?

    <p>Amnioinfusion to increase fluid volume (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a contraindication for a vaginal birth after cesarean (VBAC)?

    <p>Classical (vertical) uterine incision (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of using forceps during delivery?

    <p>Facial nerve injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Physical Signs of Violence Against Women

    Includes bruises, fractures, burns, and head injuries.

    Emotional Signs of Violence Against Women

    Includes anxiety, depression, PTSD, and low self-esteem.

    Pregnancy-related Signs of Violence

    Can include preterm labor, low birth weight, and frequent UTIs/STIs.

    PTSD in Violence Victims

    A mental health condition triggered by experiencing or witnessing traumatic events.

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    Low Self-Esteem in Abuse Victims

    A feeling of inadequacy often resulting from ongoing abuse.

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    HITS Tool

    A screening tool assessing Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream.

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    Diabetes Screening

    Includes A1C, fasting blood glucose, and OGTT tests.

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    Complications of Diabetes

    Includes macrosomia, birth trauma, neonatal hypoglycemia, stillbirth.

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    Gestational Diabetes Risk Factors

    Includes obesity, PCOS, and family history of diabetes.

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    Rubella Prevention

    Prevent congenital rubella syndrome with MMR vaccine postpartum.

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    Anemia Symptoms

    Symptoms include fatigue, pallor, dizziness, and shortness of breath.

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    High-Risk Pregnancy Factors

    Maternal factors include age, obesity, diabetes, hypertension, substance use.

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    Peripartum Cardiomyopathy

    Heart failure that occurs in late pregnancy or postpartum.

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    Molar Pregnancy

    A condition caused by the growth of abnormal trophoblasts, leading to a benign tumor called hydatidiform mole.

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    Ectopic Pregnancy

    A pregnancy where the embryo implants outside the uterus, often in a fallopian tube.

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    Hyperemesis Gravidarum

    Severe nausea and vomiting during pregnancy causing dehydration and weight loss.

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    Placenta Previa

    A condition where the placenta partially or completely covers the cervix, leading to painless bleeding.

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    Placental Abruption

    Premature separation of the placenta from the uterine wall, causing painful bleeding.

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    Gestational Hypertension

    High blood pressure over 140/90 occurring after 20 weeks of pregnancy without protein in urine.

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    Pre-eclampsia

    Gestational hypertension plus proteinuria and possible organ dysfunction signs like headaches.

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    Cord Prolapse

    An emergency situation where the umbilical cord slips out before the baby, risking its oxygen supply.

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    VBAC (Vaginal Birth After Cesarean)

    Attempting a vaginal birth after having a previous cesarean section, with risks involved.

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    Hypotonic Labor

    Labor characterized by weak contractions, requiring oxytocin to enhance labor strength.

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    Study Notes

    Violence Against Women

    • Signs and Symptoms: Physical abuse includes bruises, fractures, burns, and head injuries. Emotional abuse includes anxiety, depression, PTSD, and low self-esteem. Pregnancy-related issues include preterm labor, low birth weight, and frequent UTIs/STIs.

    • Appropriate Screening Techniques: Use a trauma-informed approach. Routine screening should be conducted during prenatal visits, privately. Screening tools include HITS (Hurt, Insult, Threaten, Scream) and Abuse Assessment Screen (AAS). Document injuries and statements.

    Chronic Conditions

    • Diabetes and Testing: Screening includes A1C, fasting blood glucose, and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).

    • Complications: Macrosomia, birth trauma, neonatal hypoglycemia, and stillbirth are potential complications.

    • Management: Insulin use, glucose monitoring, and lifestyle changes are crucial. Risk factors include obesity, PCOS, and family history of diabetes.

    • Gestational Diabetes and Diet: Screening is done at 24-28 weeks using a 1-hour glucose challenge test and a 3-hour OGTT if positive. Dietary management focuses on low glycemic index foods, carbohydrate counting, and high fiber intake. Potential complications include fetal macrosomia, neonatal hypoglycemia, and preeclampsia.

    • Infections: Rubella, CMV, GBS, and HIV are considered.

    • High-Risk Pregnancy Risk Factors: Maternal factors include advanced maternal age, obesity, diabetes, HTN, and substance use. Fetal factors include IUGR, multiple gestation, and genetic abnormalities.

    • Miscarriage: Differentiate between threatened, inevitable, incomplete, and complete miscarriages. Treatment options range from expectant management to medical and surgical approaches (D&C).

    • Molar Pregnancy: Hydatidiform mole is a benign tumor of trophoblasts.

    • Other Complications: Include Rubella (congenital rubella syndrome), CMV (microcephaly, hepatosplenomegaly, developmental delay), GBS (intrapartum penicillin treatment), HIV (breastfeeding avoidance and ART therapy), cardiac conditions (pre-existing conditions, peripartum cardiomyopathy), and anemia (iron deficiency, folic acid deficiency, sickle cell).

    Etopic Pregnancy

    • Signs: Implatation outside of the usual uterus location (most often the fallopian tube). Typical signs to look for are unilateral pelvic pain, vaginal bleeding, and referred shoulder pain.
    • Management: Treatment may involve methotrexate if the situation is stable, surgery if the situation becomes unstable.
    • Hyperemesis gravidarum: Severe nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy. Management may include IV fluids, antiemetics (ondansetron, promethazine), and small frequent meals.

    Cervical Insufficiency/Cerclage

    • Signs: Painless cervical dilation predisposing to preterm labor.
    • Management: Cerclage placement is a common treatment. This procedure involves surgically placing a stitch to keep the cervix closed. This procedure is usually done before labor begins, and then is removed later.

    Placenta Previa

    • Signs: Placenta covering the cervix causes painless bright red bleeding.
    • Management: No vaginal exams, bed rest, and C-section are typical management approaches.

    Placental Abruption

    • Signs: Premature separation of the placenta. It will cause painful bleeding and typically firm abdomen.
    • Management: Emergency C-section, if severe.

    Gestational HTN, Pre-eclampsia, Eclampsia, HELLP

    • Gestational HTN: Hypertension (BP >140/90) after 20 weeks, no proteinuria.
    • Preeclampsia: Hypertension and proteinuria.
    • Eclampsia: Preeclampsia with seizures.
    • HELLP: Hemolysis, Elevated Liver enzymes, Low Platelets. Associated with RUQ pain, liver failure, and DIC risk.

    Labor Complications

    • Cord Prolapse: Umbilical cord emerges before the baby. Emergency intervention needed.
    • Shoulder Dystocia: Baby's shoulder gets stuck under the pubic bone. Management includes McRoberts maneuver, suprapubic pressure.
    • Induction/Augmentation: Methods: Pitocin, cervical ripening agents. Risks: Uterine tachysystole, fetal distress.
    • Preterm Labor/Postterm Delivery: Preterm labor: Contractions before 37 weeks → treatment with tocolytics (nifedipine, terbutaline).
    • Postterm Delivery: Delivery after 42 weeks of gestation. Risk of macrosomia and meconium aspiration.
    • Forceps/Vacuum Delivery: Indications include prolonged second stage, fetal distress. Complications include facial nerve injury (forceps), cephalohematoma (vacuum).
    • Amnioinfusion: Used for issues such as cord compression and thick meconium. Risks include uterine overdistension.
    • Amniotic Fluid Embolism: Sudden respiratory distress, hypotension, DIC. Treatment is supporting oxygen, fluids and CPR if needed.
    • Vaginal Birth After Cesarean (VBAC): Risks include uterine rupture; Contraindicated in cases of classical uterine incision.
    • Precipitous Delivery: Labor < 3 hours, risk of maternal perineal trauma, fetal distress. Bishop Score is used to assess readiness for induction.
    • Uterine Rupture: Complete uterine wall tear with fetal distress, maternal shock; Emergency C-section required.
    • Hypotonic Labor: Weak contractions; treat with oxytocin augmentation.
    • Hypertonic Labor: Frequent, painful contractions → potential risk of fetal distress.

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    Description

    This quiz covers critical information on recognizing and managing violence against women, highlighting both physical and emotional signs. Additionally, it delves into chronic conditions such as diabetes, discussing screening techniques and management strategies essential for healthcare professionals.

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