Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the most common condition requiring medical attention in newborn infants?
What is the most common condition requiring medical attention in newborn infants?
Under which circumstance is the risk of brain injury from low oxygen during birth notably elevated?
Under which circumstance is the risk of brain injury from low oxygen during birth notably elevated?
What causes neonatal jaundice in infants?
What causes neonatal jaundice in infants?
Which maternal blood type has a risk of producing antibodies that may harm the fetus?
Which maternal blood type has a risk of producing antibodies that may harm the fetus?
Signup and view all the answers
How can untreated neonatal jaundice potentially harm an infant?
How can untreated neonatal jaundice potentially harm an infant?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of stillbirths occur in babies born before 28 weeks gestation in the US?
What percentage of stillbirths occur in babies born before 28 weeks gestation in the US?
Signup and view all the answers
What is one of the main causes of re-hospitalization among infants after birth?
What is one of the main causes of re-hospitalization among infants after birth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with stillbirth?
Which of the following risk factors is NOT associated with stillbirth?
Signup and view all the answers
What percentage of stillbirths occur after 28 weeks gestation in the US?
What percentage of stillbirths occur after 28 weeks gestation in the US?
Signup and view all the answers
What practice is done within 48 hours of a newborn's birth?
What practice is done within 48 hours of a newborn's birth?
Signup and view all the answers
Which demographic shows a doubled stillbirth rate due to social factors and healthcare disparities?
Which demographic shows a doubled stillbirth rate due to social factors and healthcare disparities?
Signup and view all the answers
Which disease is screened for in newborn screening programs?
Which disease is screened for in newborn screening programs?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the average length of hospital stay for mothers and infants after birth?
What is the average length of hospital stay for mothers and infants after birth?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Stillbirth
- Stillbirth is death just before or during delivery after 20 weeks of pregnancy
- US stillbirth rate is 6 per 1,000 live births, half related to prematurity (before 28 weeks)
- Stillbirth rates: Post-28 weeks gestation in the US is 3 per 1,000 live births
- Worldwide, rate is 14 per 1,000 live births
- Social factors and healthcare disparities double stillbirth rate for American non-Hispanic Black families, mainly due to prematurity
- Risk factors for stillbirth include first birth, maternal age, maternal medical problems, and prior stillbirth
- Birth defects are a cause of 20% of stillbirths and early neonatal deaths
Newborn Screening
- Most states mandate newborn screening: hearing test, heel stick (blood test), and blood oxygen check
- Heel stick within 48 hours for genetic disorder testing
- Newborn screening may test for up to 50 diseases (PKU, sickle cell, hypothyroidism)
- Approximately 3,000 newborns annually test positive for a screened disorder
Postnatal Care and Rehospitalization
- Average mother-infant hospital stay is 39 hours
- This short stay may not allow time to detect serious conditions
- 7.9% of infants are rehospitalized after birth
- Common rehospitalization causes: jaundice (84%), blood infection (sepsis) (11%), and respiratory infection (5%)
Birth Trauma and Asphyxia
- Birth trauma (head, neck, or shoulder injury) affects 0.2% of live births
- Asphyxia (lack of oxygen) during birth
- 80% of births have low oxygen during delivery, which may reduce APGAR score and potentially cause brain injury (0.2% instances)
- Birth trauma and asphyxia more common in babies >8 lbs 13 oz, with large heads, birth defects, or breech births
- Small and premature babies more vulnerable to low oxygen injury
Neonatal Jaundice
- Jaundice is the most frequent condition needing treatment in newborns
- Affects ~50% of full-term and ~80% of preterm babies within the first week
- Caused by excess bilirubin
- Visible symptoms include yellowing skin and eyes, brown urine
- Potential causes: breast milk, blood type incompatibility (mother-baby)
- Rh-negative mothers should receive RhoGAM to prevent future pregnancy complications
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Description
This quiz covers critical healthcare topics surrounding stillbirth and newborn screening. Learn about the rates, risk factors, and implications of stillbirth, along with the mandated newborn screenings and conditions tested. Gain insights into the importance of early medical interventions.
