week 2: lectures 1, 2, 3
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Questions and Answers

Which country has a stillbirth rate that is 30% higher than other developed countries?

  • United States
  • United Kingdom
  • Australia (correct)
  • Canada

    • What is the primary reason why stillbirth is often not covered in developmental psychology textbooks?

  • Lack of interest
  • Lack of research
  • Silence and stigma (correct)
  • Lack of space

    • Which group of mothers in Australia has a maternal mortality rate more than twice as high as others?

  • Asian mothers
  • Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander mothers (correct)
  • Caucasian mothers
  • Hispanic mothers

    • Which ethnic group has a higher odds of stillbirth and neonatal death?

    <p>African-American and African-Caribbean</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor contributing to increased risk of preterm birth and neonatal death?

    <p>Discrimination and stress</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do the majority of births occur in Australia?

    <p>Hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is associated with improved neonatal and maternal mortality rates?

    <p>Access to health facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a leading indicator of both survival and healthy development in newborns?

    <p>Low Birth Weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most underdeveloped sense at birth in babies?

    <p>Sight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary means of providing sustenance to newborns throughout our evolutionary history?

    <p>Breastfeeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the recommended duration of breastfeeding according to WHO?

    <p>2 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main form of communication for babies?

    <p>Crying</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the impact of post-natal depression on mothers?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which principle explains the rapid physical growth in the first year of life?

    <p>Cephalocaudal principle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, which stage occurs between the ages of 2 and 7?

    <p>Preoperational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary process through which cognitive structures are refined in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Accommodation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is characterized by the ability to think logically and abstractly?

    <p>Formal operations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term used to describe the process of coordinating sensory information with motor activities in Piaget's theory?

    <p>Adaptation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major attainment during the sensorimotor stage of Piaget's theory?

    <p>Object permanence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the information processing approach, what is the significance of joint attention?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which learning theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation?

    <p>Social learning theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which milestone of infant language development typically occurs at around 8-10 months of age?

    <p>First gestures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the cognitive changes that occur during the first year of life?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which milestone of infant language development typically occurs at around 12 months of age?

    <p>First spoken word</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What supports cognitive changes during the first year of life?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What milestone of infant language development involves repetitive consonant-vowel combinations?

    <p>Babbling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What milestone of infant language development typically occurs at around 2 months of age?

    <p>Cooing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants begin to intentionally do at around 8-10 months of age?

    <p>Making first gestures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants habituate quickly to?

    <p>Both new and novel stimuli and things they have seen before or expect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do infants understand at around 10-12 months of age?

    <p>Words and simple sentences</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Stillbirth and Maternal Mortality

    • Australia has a stillbirth rate 30% higher than other developed countries.
    • Stillbirth is often not covered in developmental psychology textbooks due to the emotional sensitivity of the topic.

    Maternal Mortality and Ethnic Group Disparities

    • Indigenous mothers in Australia have a maternal mortality rate more than twice as high as others.
    • The Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander ethnic group has higher odds of stillbirth and neonatal death.

    Risk Factors and Birth Outcomes

    • The primary factor contributing to increased risk of preterm birth and neonatal death is socioeconomic disadvantage.
    • Most births in Australia occur in hospitals.

    Newborn Development and Breastfeeding

    • Improved neonatal and maternal mortality rates are associated with access to healthcare services.
    • Apgar score is a leading indicator of both survival and healthy development in newborns.
    • The sense of smell is the most underdeveloped sense at birth in babies.
    • Breast milk is the primary means of providing sustenance to newborns throughout our evolutionary history.
    • The World Health Organization recommends exclusive breastfeeding for at least six months.

    Infant Language and Cognitive Development

    • Crying is the main form of communication for babies.
    • Post-natal depression has a significant impact on mothers, affecting their ability to care for their infants.
    • The principle of rapid physical growth in the first year of life is explained by the concept of rapid cell division.
    • According to Piaget's theory of cognitive development, the preoperational stage occurs between the ages of 2 and 7.
    • Cognitive structures are refined through the process of assimilation and accommodation in Piaget's theory.
    • The formal operational stage of Piaget's theory is characterized by the ability to think logically and abstractly.
    • The term "sensorimotor intelligence" describes the process of coordinating sensory information with motor activities in Piaget's theory.
    • Object permanence is a major attainment during the sensorimotor stage of Piaget's theory.

    Language Development and Learning Theories

    • Joint attention is significant in the information processing approach as it enables social learning.
    • Social learning theory emphasizes learning through observation and imitation.
    • Babbling with vowels and consonants typically occurs at around 8-10 months of age.
    • One of the cognitive changes that occur during the first year of life is the development of object permanence.
    • Saying "mama" or "dada" typically occurs at around 12 months of age.
    • Cognitive changes during the first year of life are supported by neural pruning and myelination.
    • Babbling with repetitive consonant-vowel combinations typically occurs at around 6-9 months of age.
    • Cooing typically occurs at around 2 months of age.
    • Infants begin to intentionally reach for objects at around 8-10 months of age.
    • Infants habituate quickly to repetitive stimuli.
    • Infants understand that objects still exist even when out of sight at around 10-12 months of age.

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    Test your knowledge on the developmental significance of crawling and sensory development in babies. Explore how cross-crawling affects brain development, communication, coordination, and cognitive performance. Discover the importance of sensory stimulation in perceptual development.

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