Healthcare Ethics Week 1: Theories and Principles Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What does the acronym 'RESPECT' stand for in the context of healthcare ethics?

Reform, Educate, Sympathize, Prevent, Encourage, Collaborate, Transform

Recognize, Eliminate, Speak, Practice, Earn, Consider, Treat (correct)

Reflect, Empower, Serve, Promote, Enhance, Cultivate, Thrive

Radical, Empathetic, Supportive, Peaceful, Ethical, Cooperative, Thoughtful

What is the concept of 'Ethics' derived from?

Habit

Custom (correct)

Tradition

Conduct

What is the main focus of 'Healthcare Ethics'?

Philosophical debates on ethics

Technological advancements in healthcare

Historical perspectives on healthcare practices

Moral decisionmaking situations in medicine (correct)

What is the meaning of the term 'Intrinsic good' in the context of ethics?

Good for its own sake Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of 'Moral Philosophy'?

Concerned with what is morally good and morally right and wrong Signup and view all the answers

What do the 4 Rs in the context of philosophy stand for?

Responsiveness reflection, reason and re-evaluation Signup and view all the answers

What is the central thesis of Utilitarianism?

The greatest happiness of the greatest number is the measure of right and wrong Signup and view all the answers

Who introduced the name Utilitarianism?

Jeremy Bentham Signup and view all the answers

According to Utilitarianism, what is defined as 'the good'?

Happiness Signup and view all the answers

What does 'Act Utilitarianism' prioritize?

Higher-order pleasures Signup and view all the answers

Which philosopher refined the idea of Utilitarianism?

John Stuart Mill Signup and view all the answers

What is a virtue in the context of virtue ethics?

A learned disposition to reason and act in a certain way Signup and view all the answers

According to Aristotle, what is a disposition in the context of virtue ethics?

A learned tendency that regularly brings one to reason and act in a certain way Signup and view all the answers

What does virtue ethics imply about moral conduct?

Moral conduct assumes good characteristics in a nurse as a moral agent Signup and view all the answers

What does Aristotle conclude about a virtue in the context of virtue ethics?

It is a learned disposition to reason and act in a certain way Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes a virtue from just doing a given action on a given occasion?

Being a learned disposition to reason and act in a certain way Signup and view all the answers

In the context of virtue ethics, what kind of person tends to act in a friendly manner on a regular basis?

One who has learned disposition to reason and act in a friendly manner Signup and view all the answers

In the context of nursing, which of the following is an example of a virtue?

Acting with courage and kindness Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of Virtue Ethics in nursing?

Developing good characteristics or virtues in nurses Signup and view all the answers

According to Virtue Ethics, what is essential for nurses to participate confidently in moral decision-making?

Understanding ethical discourse language and theories Signup and view all the answers

What does the use of reason during moral decision-making require from nurses as moral agents according to Virtue Ethics?

Bracketing their emotional experiences Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of Virtue Ethics in nursing?

To develop virtuous characteristics in nurses for moral decision-making Signup and view all the answers

According to Virtue Ethics, what is insufficient if one does not have personal virtues?

Acting solely from a sense of duty Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of nurses as moral agents according to Virtue Ethics?

Advocating on behalf of patients during moral decision making Signup and view all the answers

How are virtues linked to ethical principles according to Virtue Ethics?

They become apparent through one's behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for nurses to demonstrate in order to behave well in a sustained manner according to Virtue Ethics?

Development of good characteristics or virtues Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Ethics in Healthcare

RESPECT in healthcare ethics stands for Responsibility, Empathy, Service, Partnership, Engagement, Competence, and Trust.
The concept of ethics is derived from moral philosophy, a framework that examines individual values and principles.
The main focus of healthcare ethics is to ensure that care is provided with respect for patient autonomy, justice, beneficence, and non-maleficence.

Key Ethical Concepts

'Intrinsic good' refers to something that is valuable in and of itself, rather than its utility or benefit.
The purpose of moral philosophy is to explore moral values, principles, and the reasoning that guides ethical behavior.
The 4 Rs in philosophy stand for Respect, Relevance, Responsibility, and Reciprocity.

Utilitarianism

The central thesis of Utilitarianism is that the best action is the one that maximizes utility, usually defined as promoting the greatest happiness for the greatest number.
The term Utilitarianism was introduced by philosopher Jeremy Bentham.
According to Utilitarianism, 'the good' is defined as that which brings about the most overall happiness or pleasure.

Types of Utilitarianism

'Act Utilitarianism' emphasizes the outcomes of individual actions rather than rules or societal norms.
John Stuart Mill refined the idea of Utilitarianism, introducing qualitative distinctions of pleasure.

Virtue Ethics

In virtue ethics, a virtue is a character trait that promotes individual and collective well-being.
Aristotle defines a disposition in the context of virtue ethics as a consistent tendency to act in certain ways.
Virtue ethics implies that moral conduct is rooted in the character and virtues of the individual rather than solely on rules or consequences.

Aristotle's Contributions

Aristotle concludes that a virtue is a mean between two extremes of excess and deficiency, promoting a balanced behavior.
A virtue is distinguished from merely performing an action by the notion that virtues reflect consistent dispositions and character.

Nursing Ethics

In the context of nursing, a person who regularly acts in a friendly manner exemplifies a virtuous character.
An example of a virtue in nursing includes compassion, integrity, and empathy.
The main focus of Virtue Ethics in nursing is to cultivate character traits that enhance moral practice and patient care.

Moral Decision-Making in Nursing

For nurses to participate confidently in moral decision-making, they need a strong foundation in personal virtues.
The use of reason during moral decision-making demands that nurses act as moral agents who consider ethical principles and values.
The primary purpose of Virtue Ethics in nursing is to develop caring and competent practitioners who contribute to positive health outcomes.

Virtues and Ethical Principles

According to Virtue Ethics, lacking personal virtues renders moral reasoning insufficient in practice.
Nurses, as moral agents, play a critical role in embodying virtues that uphold ethical principles.
To behave well consistently, nurses must demonstrate integrity, compassion, and professionalism in their practice.

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Description

Test your knowledge of healthcare ethics theories and principles with this quiz. Explore the fundamental concepts of respecting human worth, empathy, dignity, and the philosophical aspects of healthcare ethics.