Healthcare Ethics: Autonomy and Ethical Principles

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Questions and Answers

What is the ethical principle that obliges one to allow individuals to self-determine their plans and actions?

  • Beneficence
  • Justice
  • Autonomy (correct)
  • Respect

What are the three basic elements involved in the process of autonomy?

  • Understanding, deliberation, communication
  • Self-determination, decision-making, respect for values
  • Freedom, power, responsibility
  • Ability to decide, power to act, respect for others (correct)

When does a patient have decision-making capacity according to the text?

  • When the patient can comprehend relevant information, deliberate according to personal values and goals, and communicate with caregivers (correct)
  • When the patient strictly follows the healthcare provider's advice
  • When the patient agrees with the caregiver's recommendations
  • When the patient is compliant with the treatment plan

What must any determination of capacity address according to the text?

<p>The individual abilities of the patient and requirement of the task at hand (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to declare a person 'incompetent' based on the text?

<p>The courts (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does autonomy as an ethical principle oblige one to allow individuals to do?

<p>Self-determine their plans and actions (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of medical decision-making, what is the difference between competence and capacity?

<p>Competence is a legal term indicating the ability to make decisions, while capacity is a clinical term referring to the functional determination of an individual's ability to make a specific medical decision within a given situation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) enforce?

<p>The right of individuals to have their health care choices honored, with nurses responsible for advocating for patient self-determination. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do patient decision aid interventions play in medical decision-making?

<p>They assist patients in making informed treatment choices by providing evidence-based estimates of benefits and risks of available treatment options. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal when autonomy is lacking in decision-making?

<p>To designate a decision maker whose role is to promote the welfare of the nonautonomous person. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What has been generally recognized by courts regarding mentally competent adults' rights in medical treatments?

<p>The right to refuse any medical treatments, even those that would save their lives. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Jehovah’s Witness case study, what is their stance regarding blood products?

<p>They are committed to refusing to 'eat' blood and consider transfusions included in the prohibition. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Mrs. Lyons in the case study involving premature birth and emergency surgery?

<p>She suffered hemorrhage and required emergency surgery resulting in a hysterectomy due to severe loss of blood. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of nurses in ensuring informed decision making by patients?

<p>To advocate for every individual and ensure that the right to self-determination, including cultural and spiritual beliefs, is upheld. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What do patient decision aid interventions provide to support shared decision-making?

<p>They provide evidence-based estimates of the benefits and risks of available treatment options. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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