Healthcare Ethics: Autonomy and Ethical Principles

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What is the ethical principle that obliges one to allow individuals to self-determine their plans and actions?

Beneficence

Justice

Autonomy (correct)

Respect

What are the three basic elements involved in the process of autonomy?

Understanding, deliberation, communication

Self-determination, decision-making, respect for values

Freedom, power, responsibility

Ability to decide, power to act, respect for others (correct)

When does a patient have decision-making capacity according to the text?

When the patient can comprehend relevant information, deliberate according to personal values and goals, and communicate with caregivers (correct)

When the patient strictly follows the healthcare provider's advice

When the patient agrees with the caregiver's recommendations

When the patient is compliant with the treatment plan

What must any determination of capacity address according to the text?

The individual abilities of the patient and requirement of the task at hand Signup and view all the answers

Who has the authority to declare a person 'incompetent' based on the text?

The courts Signup and view all the answers

What does autonomy as an ethical principle oblige one to allow individuals to do?

Self-determine their plans and actions Signup and view all the answers

In the context of medical decision-making, what is the difference between competence and capacity?

Competence is a legal term indicating the ability to make decisions, while capacity is a clinical term referring to the functional determination of an individual's ability to make a specific medical decision within a given situation. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) enforce?

The right of individuals to have their health care choices honored, with nurses responsible for advocating for patient self-determination. Signup and view all the answers

What role do patient decision aid interventions play in medical decision-making?

They assist patients in making informed treatment choices by providing evidence-based estimates of benefits and risks of available treatment options. Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal when autonomy is lacking in decision-making?

To designate a decision maker whose role is to promote the welfare of the nonautonomous person. Signup and view all the answers

What has been generally recognized by courts regarding mentally competent adults' rights in medical treatments?

The right to refuse any medical treatments, even those that would save their lives. Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Jehovah’s Witness case study, what is their stance regarding blood products?

They are committed to refusing to 'eat' blood and consider transfusions included in the prohibition. Signup and view all the answers

What happened to Mrs. Lyons in the case study involving premature birth and emergency surgery?

She suffered hemorrhage and required emergency surgery resulting in a hysterectomy due to severe loss of blood. Signup and view all the answers

What is the responsibility of nurses in ensuring informed decision making by patients?

To advocate for every individual and ensure that the right to self-determination, including cultural and spiritual beliefs, is upheld. Signup and view all the answers

What do patient decision aid interventions provide to support shared decision-making?

They provide evidence-based estimates of the benefits and risks of available treatment options. Signup and view all the answers

Healthcare Ethics: Autonomy and Ethical Principles

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