15 Questions
What is the ethical principle that obliges one to allow individuals to self-determine their plans and actions?
Autonomy
What are the three basic elements involved in the process of autonomy?
Ability to decide, power to act, respect for others
When does a patient have decision-making capacity according to the text?
When the patient can comprehend relevant information, deliberate according to personal values and goals, and communicate with caregivers
What must any determination of capacity address according to the text?
The individual abilities of the patient and requirement of the task at hand
Who has the authority to declare a person 'incompetent' based on the text?
The courts
What does autonomy as an ethical principle oblige one to allow individuals to do?
Self-determine their plans and actions
In the context of medical decision-making, what is the difference between competence and capacity?
Competence is a legal term indicating the ability to make decisions, while capacity is a clinical term referring to the functional determination of an individual's ability to make a specific medical decision within a given situation.
What does the Patient Self-Determination Act (PSDA) enforce?
The right of individuals to have their health care choices honored, with nurses responsible for advocating for patient self-determination.
What role do patient decision aid interventions play in medical decision-making?
They assist patients in making informed treatment choices by providing evidence-based estimates of benefits and risks of available treatment options.
What is the goal when autonomy is lacking in decision-making?
To designate a decision maker whose role is to promote the welfare of the nonautonomous person.
What has been generally recognized by courts regarding mentally competent adults' rights in medical treatments?
The right to refuse any medical treatments, even those that would save their lives.
In the context of the Jehovah’s Witness case study, what is their stance regarding blood products?
They are committed to refusing to 'eat' blood and consider transfusions included in the prohibition.
What happened to Mrs. Lyons in the case study involving premature birth and emergency surgery?
She suffered hemorrhage and required emergency surgery resulting in a hysterectomy due to severe loss of blood.
What is the responsibility of nurses in ensuring informed decision making by patients?
To advocate for every individual and ensure that the right to self-determination, including cultural and spiritual beliefs, is upheld.
What do patient decision aid interventions provide to support shared decision-making?
They provide evidence-based estimates of the benefits and risks of available treatment options.
Test your knowledge on ethical principles in healthcare, focusing on the concept of autonomy and its significance. Explore case studies and ethical dilemmas related to respecting individual choices based on personal values and beliefs.
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