Healthcare Chapter 1 Review
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Questions and Answers

What are ADLs (Activities of Daily Living)?

Activities that include personal care tasks such as eating, bathing, dressing, and grooming.

What are the 6 principles of care?

The 6 principles are: dignity, respect, privacy, confidentiality, autonomy, and equality.

What does scope of practice mean?

The specific duties and responsibilities that a professional is authorized to perform.

Match the following key terms with their definitions:

<p>Abuse = Harm or mistreatment of a person Accreditation = Recognition for meeting specific standards Advance directive = Document stating a person's wishes for medical care Assault = Threat or attempt to inflict harm Battery = Actual physical harm inflicted on someone Durable power of attorney for healthcare = Authority granted to make health decisions Fraud = Deception to gain something of value Informed consent = Permission granted with full understanding Larceny = Theft of personal property Laws = Rules created by governing authorities Living will = Document outlining desires regarding end-of-life care Negligence = Failure to take proper care in doing something OSHA = Occupational Safety and Health Administration Ombudsman = Official appointed to investigate complaints OBRA = Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Sub-Acute Care?

<p>A level of care for patients who do not need the intensive treatment of a hospital but require more care than traditional nursing homes provide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is Long Term Care?

<p>Care designed for individuals who need assistance with daily activities for an extended period.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the types of abuse?

<p>Physical abuse, emotional abuse, sexual abuse, financial exploitation, and neglect.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is OBRA?

<p>The Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, which sets standards for care in nursing homes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is OSHA?

<p>The Occupational Safety and Health Administration, responsible for ensuring workplace safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are ethical principles?

<p>Guidelines that help govern professional behavior, including autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does informed consent relate to patient care?

<p>It ensures that patients understand and agree to the treatments and procedures proposed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is HIPAA?

<p>The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, which protects patient privacy and health information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does Maslow say about lower level and higher-level needs?

<p>Maslow's hierarchy outlines that lower-level needs (like physiological needs) must be met before higher-level needs (like self-actualization) can be pursued.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term culture mean?

<p>The collection of beliefs, values, and behaviors that characterize a group.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are objective observations?

<p>Facts that can be observed or measured, such as vital signs and physical appearance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are subjective observations?

<p>Personal accounts or feelings reported by the patient, such as pain and discomfort.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal pulse range for an adult?

<p>60 to 100 beats per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal respiratory rate for adults?

<p>12 to 20 breaths per minute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is blood pressure?

<p>The force of blood against the walls of arteries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you practice good body alignment while standing/sitting?

<p>By keeping the body straight, shoulders back, and distributing weight evenly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an incident report?

<p>A report documenting an event that is not part of routine operations, particularly those that may affect patient safety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the three elements of fire?

<p>Heat, fuel, and oxygen.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is R.A.C.E?

<p>Rescue, Alarm, Contain, Extinguish/Evacuate.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is PASS?

<p>Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep - the steps for using a fire extinguisher.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of aspiration?

<p>The inhalation of food, liquid, or foreign objects into the airways.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When assisting a resident with a weak or paralyzed limb, which limb do you dress first and which do you undress first?

<p>Dress the weak limb first and undress the strong limb first.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What temperature should water be for bathing?

<p>Between 100°F and 105°F.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do you check water temperature when a thermometer is not available?

<p>By testing the water with your wrist or elbow.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Chapter 1 Study Guide

  • ADLs (Activities of Daily Living): Essential activities for daily functional independence, including bathing, dressing, eating, and mobility.
  • 6 Principles of Care: Key frameworks guiding care practices, focusing on respect, empathy, compassion, individuality, empowerment, and teamwork.
  • Scope of Practice: Defines the boundaries of professional practice, outlining what actions healthcare providers are legally permitted to perform.
  • Key Terms:
    • Abuse: Harmful treatment of a person.
    • Accreditation: Official recognition confirming standards of quality.
    • Advance Directive: Legal document outlining patient preferences for medical treatment.
    • Assault: Threat of harm or unwanted contact.
    • Battery: Actual harmful or offensive physical contact.
    • Durable Power of Attorney for Healthcare: Legal authority given to someone to make health care decisions on another's behalf.
    • Fraud: Wrongful or criminal deception for gain.
    • Informed Consent: Process of understanding risks and benefits before agreeing to treatment.
    • Larceny: Theft or unlawful taking of someone's property.
    • Laws: Rules established to maintain order and protect rights.
    • Living Will: Document specifying an individual's wishes regarding end-of-life care.
    • Negligence: Failure to take proper care resulting in damage or injury.
    • OSHA: Occupational Safety and Health Administration, overseeing workplace safety.
    • Ombudsman: Advocate for patients and resolve complaints.
    • OBRA: Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act, regulating long-term care facilities.
  • Sub-Acute Care: Specialized care following hospitalization, focusing on recovery and rehabilitation.
  • Long Term Care: Extended care for individuals with chronic illnesses or disabilities.

Chapter 2 Study Guide

  • Types of Abuse: Include physical, emotional, sexual, neglect, and financial abuse.
  • OBRA: Legislation aimed at improving quality of care in nursing homes and protecting residents' rights.
  • OSHA: Ensures safe and healthy working conditions through regulations and training.

Chapter 3 Study Guide

  • Ethical Principles: Guidelines for conduct in healthcare, emphasizing respect, autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, and justice.
  • Informed Consent: Critical for ethical patient care, ensuring patients understand and agree to treatment.
  • HIPAA: Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act, protecting patient privacy and health information.

Chapter 4 Study Guide

  • Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs: A motivational theory in psychology that posits a five-tier model of human needs, from physiological to self-actualization.
  • Culture: The shared beliefs, values, and practices of a group, impacting health and care approaches.

Chapter 5 Study Guide

  • Communication Mode: Understanding verbal and non-verbal communication effectively.
  • Objective Observations: Facts based on measurable data; e.g., vital signs.
  • Subjective Observations: Patient-reported symptoms; e.g., pain levels.
  • Care Plan vs. Flow Sheet vs. Nursing Notes:
    • Care Plan: Document detailing a patient’s treatment goals and interventions.
    • Flow Sheet: Daily recording of patient status and interventions.
    • Nursing Notes: Detailed notes on patient care and progress.
  • Military Time: Use of the 24-hour clock system for timekeeping.
  • Qualified Translator Law: Regulations ensuring effective communication with non-English speaking patients.

Chapter 6 Study Guide

  • Ligaments: Connective tissues that link bones at joints.
  • Tendons: Connect muscles to bones, facilitating movement.
  • Blood Vessels: Types include arteries (carry blood away), veins (return blood), and capillaries (exchange materials).
  • Urinary System Organs:
    • Kidneys: Filter blood and produce urine.
    • Ureters: Transport urine from kidneys to bladder.
    • Bladder: Stores urine.
    • Urethra: Excretes urine outside the body.
  • Endocrine System Organs: Includes pineal, pituitary, thyroid, parathyroid, adrenal glands, pancreas, ovaries, and testes, regulating various body functions.
  • Antibodies: Proteins produced by the immune system to neutralize pathogens.

Chapter 7 Study Guide

  • Key Terms:
    • AIDS: Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome, caused by HIV.
    • Bloodborne Pathogens: Infectious microorganisms in human blood.
    • Body Fluids: Fluids of the body that may contain pathogens.
    • Chain of Infection: Sequence illustrating how infections spread.
    • Contaminated: Presence of harmful organisms on surfaces.
    • Disinfectant: Chemical used to destroy pathogens.
    • Hand Hygiene: Critical practice for infection control.
  • Infection Control Principles: Adhere to standard precautions and utilize PPE.

Chapter 8 Study Guide

  • Good Body Alignment: Maintain posture while standing/sitting to avoid strain.
  • Incident Report: Document detailing any unusual event affecting patient safety, completed immediately after occurrence.
  • Restraints: Physical restraints must be monitored and removed regularly; chemical restraints are medications causing sedation.
  • Restraint Orders: Only licensed practitioners can write orders for restraints.

Chapter 9 Study Guide

  • Stroke: Proper term is cerebrovascular accident (CVA).
  • F.A.S.T: Acronym for recognizing stroke symptoms (Face drooping, Arm weakness, Speech difficulty, Time to call emergency services).
  • Heart Attack: Also known as myocardial infarction.
  • CPR and AED: Cardiopulmonary resuscitation and automated external defibrillator techniques for emergency cardiac situations.
  • Choking Response: First action is to perform abdominal thrusts.

Chapter 10 Study Guide

  • Normal Body Temperature Ranges: Various methods yield slightly different ranges; oral average is 98.6°F.
  • Vital Signs Timing: Taken routinely as part of patient assessment or when changes observed.

Chapter 11 Study Guide

  • Friction and Shearing: Forces that create pressure ulcers; good body alignment prevents these issues.
  • Bony Prominences: Areas prone to pressure ulcers; know locations on the body.

Chapter 12 Study Guide

  • Restorative Care: Focus on regaining independence.
  • Complications of Immobility: Major risks include atrophy, contractures, and pressure ulcers.

Chapter 13 Study Guide

  • Bed Making: Understanding various bed types (open, closed, surgical) for patient comfort and care.

Chapter 14 Study Guide

  • Oral Hygiene: Essential for preventing aspiration and ensuring proper care for unconscious patients.
  • Safety in Grooming: Use electric razors for patients with blood clotting disorders and ensure appropriate communication during care.

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Study Guides Ch 1-14 PDF

Description

This quiz covers key concepts from Chapter 1 related to healthcare principles and activities of daily living (ADLs). You'll explore the six principles of care, the meaning of scope of practice, and important terms relevant to the field. Test your knowledge and ensure you're well-prepared for practical applications in healthcare settings.

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