Health Types and Nursing Delegation
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Questions and Answers

What defines a terminal illness?

  • An ongoing illness that can be fully healed
  • An illness from which the person will most likely not recover (correct)
  • An illness that has no cure but can be managed
  • An illness with a rapid onset and expected recovery

Which of the following roles can a licensed practical nurse (LPN) delegate tasks to?

  • Registered Nurse (RN)
  • Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (APRN)
  • Certified Nursing Assistant (CNA) (correct)
  • Licensed Vocational Nurse (LVN)

What does functional nursing primarily focus on?

  • Tasks and jobs specific to patient care (correct)
  • Patient-centered care and individual needs
  • Quality improvement in health services
  • Collaboration among healthcare team members

In assisted living residences (ALR), which of the following services is NOT typically provided?

<p>In-patient surgical care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the first step in the delegation process for a nurse?

<p>Assessment of Needs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the correct order for donning personal protective equipment (PPE)?

<p>Gown, Mask, Goggles, Gloves (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a factor that may increase confusion or agitation in older persons when PPE is applied?

<p>Lack of direct communication (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes a 'susceptible host' in the chain of infection?

<p>A person at risk for developing an infection (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done after removing personal protective equipment (PPE)?

<p>Perform hand hygiene (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which anatomical locations are MRSA and VRE commonly found?

<p>MRSA in the nose; VRE in intestines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the primary risk factors associated with accidents in vulnerable individuals?

<p>Impaired mobility and lack of safety measures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper color and symbol for a biohazard bag used for specimens?

<p>Red with a biohazard symbol (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method best describes how a pathogen might exit a reservoir?

<p>Through airborne particles (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of functional nursing?

<p>Completing specific tasks and jobs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which nursing care pattern is characterized by a nurse coordinating all aspects of a patient's care?

<p>Primary nursing (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does OBRA stand for, and what is its primary purpose?

<p>Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act; to set quality care standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which program provides federal assistance for individuals aged 65 and older?

<p>Medicare (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of care involves a person staying in a facility for a short time while the primary caregiver takes a break?

<p>Respite care (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of healthcare, what is an advocate responsible for?

<p>Speaking on behalf of a patient (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the role of an ombudsman?

<p>To support the interests of another person (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of involuntary seclusion in a healthcare setting?

<p>Separating a patient from their family against their will (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement correctly describes primary nursing?

<p>Single nurse responsible for a patient's total care (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the nursing assistant registry represent?

<p>An official record of approved nursing assistants (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a nursing care pattern mentioned?

<p>Collaborative nursing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under what condition can restraints be applied to a patient?

<p>Only under medical necessity and doctor's orders (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of hospice care?

<p>To promote comfort and quality of life (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key function of the health insurance marketplace?

<p>To help individuals compare and enroll in insurance (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must individuals do to ensure job safety while providing care?

<p>Follow agency rules and understand their responsibilities (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In case of choking, what is the universal sign a person may need help?

<p>Clutching at their throat (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be done when using hazardous substances in a healthcare setting?

<p>Read labels carefully and ensure they are out of reach (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the red wristband signify for a patient?

<p>Allergy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using two patient identifiers, such as name and date of birth?

<p>To prevent medication errors and ensure safety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When someone is resigning from a job, what is the appropriate action to take?

<p>Provide two weeks' notice and a reason for leaving (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of disinfection in a healthcare setting?

<p>To reduce the number of pathogens present (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of standard precautions in infection control?

<p>To apply to all patients regardless of diagnosis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action is NOT recommended while washing hands?

<p>Touch the inside of the sink to rinse hands (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What color wristband indicates that a patient has a Do Not Resuscitate (DNR) order?

<p>Purple (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the proper sequence for using a fire extinguisher according to PASS?

<p>Pull, Aim, Squeeze, Sweep (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is considered an unsafe action that could lead to losing a job?

<p>Failing to adhere to agency rules (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'contamination' refer to in a healthcare context?

<p>The introduction of pathogens to a sterile environment (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of maintaining competence in nursing assistance?

<p>To provide ongoing education and training for safety and effectiveness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the concept of informed consent?

<p>A process where the patient understands and agrees to treatment after receiving information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should a nursing assistant do if they believe a task they were assigned could harm a patient?

<p>Return to the nurse and refuse the task based on safety concerns (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term refers to the unlawful restraint of a person's freedom of movement?

<p>False imprisonment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'boundary violation' refer to in a professional healthcare setting?

<p>Actions that are solely for the caregiver's benefit (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes elder abuse?

<p>Any action taken by a caregiver or another person that causes harm to an older adult (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the 5 rights of delegation in nursing assistance?

<p>Right person, right task, right circumstance, right directions, right supervision (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action should a nursing assistant take when they are uncertain about their role or responsibilities?

<p>Consult their job description or ask the supervising nurse for clarification (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of 'malpractice' in a healthcare context?

<p>Negligence resulting in a patient receiving wrong care (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is considered financial abuse of an older person?

<p>Using the older person's money or property for personal use (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of emotional or psychological abuse?

<p>Yelling at an elder during a care session (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role does priority play in planning work for nursing assistants?

<p>It determines the importance of tasks to maximize efficiency (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the consequence of a nursing assistant failing to report known elder abuse?

<p>They may face criminal charges if neglect is proven (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes the difference between criminal law and civil law in healthcare?

<p>Criminal law addresses offenses against society, civil law pertains to relationships between individuals (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Acute Illness

An illness with a rapid onset and short duration, expected to recover.

Chronic Illness

An illness with no cure, but can be prevented. Requires ongoing management.

Terminal Illness

An illness where recovery is highly unlikely, often leading to death.

Functional Nursing

A care model where nurses focus on specific tasks and responsibilities.

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Delegation

The process where a licensed nurse directs a nursing assistant to perform a specific nursing task.

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Certification

Official recognition by a state that standards have been met.

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Job Description

A document that describes what the agency expects you to do.

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Scope of Practice

The legal limits of your role as a nursing assistant, defining what you can and cannot do.

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Informed Consent

A process where a person receives and understands information about a treatment or procedure and can choose to receive or refuse it.

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Accepting a Task

When you accept a task, you become responsible for your actions and must complete it safely.

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Refusing a Task

You have the right to refuse a task if it is beyond your scope of practice, job description, or if it could harm the person.

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Abuse

Willful infliction of injury, pain, or suffering on another person.

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Assault

Attempting to touch a person's body without their consent.

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Battery

Touching a person's body without their consent.

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Elder Abuse

Any knowing, intentional, or negligent act by a caregiver or any other person to an older adult that causes harm or a serious risk of harm.

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Physical Abuse

Intentional use of force that can result in injury, pain, or death.

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Neglect

Failure to protect a vulnerable person from harm, such as not providing food, water, clothing, shelter, or basic activities of daily living.

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Financial Abuse

Misusing an older person's resources, including financial exploitation and misappropriation.

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Emotional/Psychological Abuse

Verbal or nonverbal behavior that causes mental pain, anguish, or distress.

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Sexual Abuse

Forced or unwanted sexual interaction of any kind with an older adult.

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Interdisciplinary Team

A team of healthcare professionals responsible for a patient's overall care, including nurses, doctors, therapists, and social workers.

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Nursing Team

A group of nurses who provide direct care to patients, including Registered Nurses (RNs), Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs/LVNs), and Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs).

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Team Nursing

A care model where an RN leads a team of nurses to provide comprehensive care to a group of patients.

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Primary Nursing

A care model where one RN is responsible for a patient's total care, coordinating all aspects of their treatment.

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Case Management

A care model focused on coordinating a patient's care from discharge to home or long-term care settings.

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Patient-Focused Care

A care model where services are moved from departments to the patient's bedside, offering greater convenience and personalization.

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Memory Care Unit

A specialized unit for individuals with Alzheimer's disease and dementia where the environment is safe and secure for wandering.

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Hospice

A healthcare agency that provides comfort and quality of life for dying patients and their families, usually when the patient has less than 6 months to live.

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Medicare

A federal program providing health insurance for individuals aged 65 and over and younger people with certain disabilities.

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Medicaid

A joint federal and state program offering health insurance for low-income individuals.

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Health Insurance Marketplace

A service that assists people in finding and enrolling in affordable health insurance options, part of the Affordable Care Act (ACA).

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Advocate

An individual who acts or speaks on behalf of another person, especially to protect their rights.

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Involuntary Seclusion

Separating a person from others against their will, often used in a social or physical context.

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Ombudsman

Provides support and promotes the needs and interests of another person, especially those who may be vulnerable.

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Agency-approved respirator

A type of respiratory protection worn when caring for patients with airborne infections, like tuberculosis. It fits snugly over the nose and mouth.

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Carrier

A person who carries a pathogen but doesn't develop the infection.

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Portal of exit

The way a pathogen leaves the reservoir, such as through respiratory droplets, feces, or urine.

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Method of transmission

The way a pathogen is transmitted to another host, such as through contact, airborne, or droplet spread.

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Portal of entry

The way a pathogen enters a new host, such as through the respiratory tract, gastrointestinal tract, or breaks in the skin.

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Susceptible host

A person who is at risk of infection due to factors like weakened immune system or compromised health.

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Impaired mobility

The ability to move independently and safely. It's a risk factor for accidents, as someone who is immobile may not be able to get out of a dangerous situation.

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PPE

Personal protective equipment (PPE) used to protect healthcare workers from exposure to infectious agents. It includes gowns, masks, goggles, and gloves.

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Coma

A prolonged state of unconsciousness where a person is unresponsive to stimuli.

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Dementia

A decline in cognitive and social function, affecting memory, thinking, and behavior.

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Suffocation

Breathing stops due to blockage of the airway.

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Elopement

A patient or resident leaving a health care agency without staff knowledge.

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Paralysis

Loss of muscle function.

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Disaster

A harmful event that can cause widespread damage and injury.

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Abdominal thrust

A procedure used to clear a severe airway obstruction.

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Chest thrust

A procedure used to clear a severe airway obstruction in obese or pregnant individuals.

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RACE

A system used to respond to a fire in a health care facility.

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PASS

A system used to operate a fire extinguisher.

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Hazardous substances

Any substance that is a physical or health hazard. They are often labeled with pictograms and stored in contaminated waste containers.

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Safety Data Sheet (SDS) or Material Safety Data Sheet (MSDS)

A document that provides information on the properties and hazards of chemical substances.

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Disinfection

A procedure used to kill pathogens and reduce the number of microbes.

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Pathogen

Any microbe that can cause an infection.

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Sterilization

A process used to remove all microbes from an object or surface.

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Study Notes

Acute, Chronic, and Terminal Illnesses

  • Acute illnesses have a rapid onset and short duration, expected to resolve.
  • Chronic illnesses are incurable but preventable.
  • Terminal illnesses are unlikely to be cured.

Types of Care Facilities

  • Hospitals: Patients receive care.
  • Long-term care centers: Residents receive care.
  • Assisted living residences (ALRs): Provide housing, personal care, and a home-like setting to independent residents.
    • Personal care includes: bathing, dressing, grooming.
    • Meals include: cooking and eating.
    • Housekeeping assistance is provided.
    • Personal safety and transportation are addressed.

Delegation in Nursing

  • Delegation is a nursing process to direct nursing assistants to perform tasks.
  • Assessment of needs, communication, guidance, and follow-up are critical components of the process.
  • Roles within delegation are:
    • Registered Nurses (RNs): Guide the delegation process, have higher education, can supervise LPNs and CNAs.
    • Licensed Practical Nurses (LPNs): Can supervise CNAs.
    • Licensed Vocational Nurses (LVNs): Similar to LPNs, primarily in California and Texas, can supervise CNAs.
    • Certified Nursing Assistants (CNAs): Perform tasks under licensed nurse supervision. They cannot delegate.

Nursing Care Patterns

  • Several patterns exist depending on the needs of the individuals and cost considerations.
  • Functional nursing focuses on specific tasks.
  • Team nursing is led by a registered nurse.
  • Primary nursing provides comprehensive care for each individual.
  • Case management coordinates care transitions.
  • Patient-focused care shifts care to the patient's bedside.

Long-Term Care Centers

  • Some patients are discharged to long-term care centers while recovering.
  • Memory care units provide safe environments for residents with Alzheimer's and dementia
  • Hospices focus on comfort and quality of life for the terminally ill.

Paying for Health Care

  • Many people have difficulty affording healthcare.
  • Health insurance partially covers costs.
  • Private insurance, group insurance, Medicare, Medicaid, and health insurance marketplaces provide financial aid.
    • Medicare Part A covers hospital, SNF, hospice, and home care.
    • Medicare Part B (voluntary) covers doctor's services, preventive care, etc.
    • Medicaid is jointly funded by the federal and state governments, primarily for low-income individuals.

Focus on Older Persons in Nursing Centers

  • Residents may experience a range of conditions.
  • Categories include alert, confused, those needing complete care, short-term residents, respite care; lifelong residents; persons with mental health disorders; and terminally ill individuals.

Surveys and Resident Rights

  • Survey processes are conducted to ensure quality of care.
  • Resident rights, including privacy, are protected by OBRA standards.
  • Surveyors observe behavior and actions.
  • Maintaining privacy is key to healthcare settings.

Abuse and Safety

  • Elder abuse is a serious concern.
  • Types include physical, neglect, financial, emotional/psychological, sexual, and abandonment.
  • Intimate partner violence is another significant issue.
  • Informed consent is a crucial process for treatment. CNAs don't obtain it but can act as witnesses.

Communication and Ethics

  • Maintaining professional boundaries is vital.
  • Defamation, libel, slander, and false imprisonment are examples of intentional torts.
  • Ethics guide professional conduct.
  • Professional appearance and work ethics are essential.

Conflict Resolution and Workplace Issues

  • Conflict resolution involves defining problems, gathering information, identifying solutions, choosing and implementing solutions, and evaluating results.
  • Good work ethics are vital for effective conflict resolution.
  • Workplace violence and losing a job are possible outcomes of conflicts.

Specific Health Conditions and Safety

  • Medical conditions such as coma, dementia, suffocation, paralysis, and elopement should be addressed.
  • Safety measures need to be taken for equipment use (wheelchairs, beds), and other situations (e.g. falls, burns, poisoning, choking, disasters).
  • Emergency actions include the RACE and PASS methods.

Infection Control

  • Clean/medical asepsis and sterile/surgical asepsis are crucial for infection prevention.
  • Wash hands frequently, following proper protocols.
  • Infections and precautions (standard and transmission-based) are critical to healthcare.

Personal Protection Equipment (PPE)

  • PPE use is essential during infection control and care.
  • Gowns, gloves, masks, and goggles are examples of PPE
  • Proper application and removal of PPE are crucial (GowMaGoGlo or GloGoGowMa)

Chain of Infection

  • Pathogens, reservoirs, portals of exit, methods of transmission, portals of entry, and susceptible hosts are significant aspects of infection transmission.

Accident Risk Factors

  • Addressing accident risks in vulnerable individuals, like those with impaired mobility, requires careful planning and intervention.

Additional Key Terms

  • Specific terms in healthcare settings like MRSA, VRE, ESBL (urinary/bowel), and specimens/biohazard waste, are critically important.

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Description

Explore the distinctions between acute, chronic, and terminal illnesses, along with the various types of care facilities such as hospitals and assisted living residences. Additionally, learn about the delegation process in nursing, emphasizing the roles of Registered Nurses and nursing assistants. Test your knowledge on these essential health concepts.

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