Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary purpose of all organizations, institutions, resources, and people, according to the World Health Report?
What is the primary purpose of all organizations, institutions, resources, and people, according to the World Health Report?
To improve health
Which of the following are key components of the health system?
Which of the following are key components of the health system?
- Healthcare providers (correct)
- Health financing bodies (correct)
- Pharmaceutical companies (correct)
- Ministries of health (correct)
- Health service provision (correct)
- Governance (correct)
- Resource management and financing (correct)
- Community (correct)
- Other related organizations (correct)
What are the three main goals identified by the World Health Organization for a health system?
What are the three main goals identified by the World Health Organization for a health system?
- Improving the health of populations (correct)
- Addressing health disparities
- Encouraging community engagement
- Improving the responsiveness of the health system (correct)
- Providing Fair Health Financing (correct)
- Ensuring access to quality healthcare
- Promoting health equity
What are the four vital health system functions?
What are the four vital health system functions?
Health service provision only includes clinical services.
Health service provision only includes clinical services.
What are three examples of primary measures in health service provision?
What are three examples of primary measures in health service provision?
What are three examples of secondary measures in health service provision?
What are three examples of secondary measures in health service provision?
What are the resources necessary for service delivery in health service input?
What are the resources necessary for service delivery in health service input?
What does stewardship refer to?
What does stewardship refer to?
What are the key responsibilities of stewardship?
What are the key responsibilities of stewardship?
What are the core of the stewardship function?
What are the core of the stewardship function?
What are the methods included in revenue collection for health financing?
What are the methods included in revenue collection for health financing?
What is risk pooling in health financing?
What is risk pooling in health financing?
What are the two models mentioned for risk pooling?
What are the two models mentioned for risk pooling?
What is strategic purchasing in health financing?
What is strategic purchasing in health financing?
What are the building blocks of the health system?
What are the building blocks of the health system?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of a health system?
Which of the following is NOT a goal of a health system?
What are the key aspects of service delivery in a health system?
What are the key aspects of service delivery in a health system?
What are the components of a competent health workforce?
What are the components of a competent health workforce?
Health information systems are not necessary for informed decision-making in the health system.
Health information systems are not necessary for informed decision-making in the health system.
What is the role of health products, vaccines, and technologies in a health system?
What is the role of health products, vaccines, and technologies in a health system?
Health financing aims to ensure access to healthcare without any financial barriers.
Health financing aims to ensure access to healthcare without any financial barriers.
What are the key aspects of leadership and governance?
What are the key aspects of leadership and governance?
What are the components of the health system under the Local Government Code?
What are the components of the health system under the Local Government Code?
What were the main focuses of the health reform initiatives in the Philippines?
What were the main focuses of the health reform initiatives in the Philippines?
What is the goal of "All for Health Towards Health For All" for a Healthy Philippines by 2020?
What is the goal of "All for Health Towards Health For All" for a Healthy Philippines by 2020?
The "Healthy Philippines by 2020" vision aims to achieve universal health care only through the health sector?
The "Healthy Philippines by 2020" vision aims to achieve universal health care only through the health sector?
What are three key guarantees under the "All for Health Towards Health For All" agenda?
What are three key guarantees under the "All for Health Towards Health For All" agenda?
What are the key focus areas of the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022?
What are the key focus areas of the Philippine Development Plan 2017-2022?
The Sustainable Development Goals 2030 are focused on achieving health goals only.
The Sustainable Development Goals 2030 are focused on achieving health goals only.
What is the main aim of adopting the "matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay" vision?
What is the main aim of adopting the "matatag, maginhawa, at panatag na buhay" vision?
What are the benefits of the DOH Medical Scholarship?
What are the benefits of the DOH Medical Scholarship?
Flashcards
Health System
Health System
A combination of resources, organizations, financing, and management to deliver health services to the population.
Key Components of Health System
Key Components of Health System
Includes community, ministries of health, healthcare providers, and financing bodies.
Goal of Health System
Goal of Health System
To enhance health for all populations through quality services and equity.
Health Service Provision
Health Service Provision
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Health Financing
Health Financing
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Stewardship
Stewardship
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Health Service Inputs
Health Service Inputs
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WHO Health System Framework
WHO Health System Framework
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Health Workforce
Health Workforce
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Health Information Systems
Health Information Systems
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Leadership and Governance
Leadership and Governance
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Health Products and Technologies
Health Products and Technologies
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Philippine Health System Goals
Philippine Health System Goals
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Universal Health Care (UHC)
Universal Health Care (UHC)
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Bismarck Model
Bismarck Model
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Beveridge Model
Beveridge Model
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Historical Health Reforms
Historical Health Reforms
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Local Government Code (R.A. 7160)
Local Government Code (R.A. 7160)
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FOURmula One (F1) for Health
FOURmula One (F1) for Health
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Philippine Development Plan
Philippine Development Plan
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NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040
NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040
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Sustainable Development Goals 2030
Sustainable Development Goals 2030
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Health Equity
Health Equity
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Risk Pooling
Risk Pooling
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Strategic Purchasing
Strategic Purchasing
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Triple Burden of Disease
Triple Burden of Disease
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Patient Autonomy
Patient Autonomy
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Intersectoral Initiatives
Intersectoral Initiatives
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Philippine Generics Act
Philippine Generics Act
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Study Notes
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Define health systems from international, national, and local perspectives
- Identify health system goals and functions
- Explain the relationship between system components and health outcomes
- Understand the structure of the Philippine health system
Health System
- A health system combines resources, organizations, financing, and management for delivering health services to the population (Roemer, 1991).
- Key components include: community, ministries of health, healthcare providers, pharmaceutical companies, health financing bodies, and other related organizations.
- Each part plays a role in governance, health service provision, and resource management/financing.
Well-Performing Health System
- Provides health-improving activities
- Promotes health equity
- Includes personal healthcare, public health services, and intersectoral initiatives
Goals and Functions of a Health System
- The World Health Organization (WHO) identifies three main goals: improving the health of populations, improving the responsiveness of the health system, and providing fair health financing.
- Overarching goal: Enhance health for all populations.
- Address health disparities caused by factors like income, gender, and geography.
- Aim for equity, minimizing disparities within and between countries.
- Focus on providing quality, respectful, and timely health services.
- Engage people as active partners in their care.
- Ensure services meet both health and non-health needs, prioritizing patient autonomy and dignity.
- Ensure equitable financing so people access care without financial hardship.
- Avoid discouraging care-seeking due to high out-of-pocket costs.
- Fair financing means equal income-percentage contribution for services.
Four Vital Health System Functions
- Health service provision: The visible product of the health system; includes public and private services, and both clinical and preventive measures to improve population health. Addresses various health needs from treatment to health promotion.
- Primary measures: smoking bans, vaccines, healthy lifestyle campaigns
- Secondary measures: blood tests, early screening/detection, preventative medication
- Tertiary measures: disease management, support groups, rehabilitation programs
- Health service inputs: Resources necessary for delivery; includes medications, medical staff, and equipment. Policymakers manage resources efficiently addressing short-term needs and ensuring long-term resource generation.
- Stewardship: Government oversight of the health system. Key responsibilities include setting health priorities, coordinating activities, and ensuring data-driven decision-making, ensuring effective functioning through guidance and structure.
- Core functions include identifying health priorities for allocation, establishing institutional frameworks, coordinating activities, analyzing priorities and resource generation trends, and generating data.
- Health financing: Raising and pooling funds for services. Methods consist of taxation, payroll contributions, out-of-pocket expenditures, and donor financing. Risk pooling spreads financial risks across the population.
- Risk Pooling: spreads financial risks across the population, especially for those with financial hardship.
- Bismarck Model: Health insurance funded through payroll deductions (Germany, France).
- Beveridge Model: Government-funded healthcare through taxes (UK, Cuba).
- Strategic Sourcing: efficient use of pooled funds in financing healthcare and incentives for providers
- Risk Pooling: spreads financial risks across the population, especially for those with financial hardship.
WHO Health System Framework
- A framework linking system building blocks to goals and outcomes, including leadership/governance, health care financing, access/coverage, health workforce, medical products/technologies, information/research, service delivery, quality, safety, improved health (level and equity), responsiveness, financial risk protection, and improved efficiency.
Health System Building Blocks
- Service Delivery: Timely, quality, and cost-effective personal and non-personal health services
- Health Workforce: Sufficient, competent, and fairly distributed staff
- Health Information Systems: Reliable data for informed decision-making
- Health Products, Vaccines, and Technologies: Accessible health products through proper supply chains and education
- Health Financing: Sufficient funds ensuring access without financial barriers
- Leadership and Governance: Effective oversight and regulation; ensuring accountability and proper system design
The Philippine Health System
- Health reform initiatives focus on health service delivery, health regulation, and health financing.
- Aims to address poor accessibility, inequity, and inefficiency.
- Key historical developments include the adoption of Primary Health Care Strategy (1979), reorganization of the Department of Health (DOH) (1982), the Generics Act (1988), the Local Government Code (1991), the National Health Insurance Act (1995), the Health Sector Reform Agenda (1999), FOURmula One (2005), the Universally Accessible Cheaper and Quality Medicines Act (2008), and Kalusugang Pangkalahatan (2010).
- Philippine health system's structure includes the DOH, regional health offices, inter-local health zones, provincial offices, municipal health offices, city health offices, hospitals, centers, health stations, and barangay health stations.
Leadership and Governance Overview
- Mandate of the DOH: Provides direction for the health care industry.
- DOH Responsibilities: Developing policies and programs, providing technical assistance, building capacity.
- Collaboration with LGUs: Managing health services and resources within local government units (under the Local Government Code).
- Governance: Structure with the arrangement of units from DOH regional office down through inter-local and local government units.
- Pre-devolution structure: Centralized system with DOH managing three tiers (national, provincial, and district hospitals and barangay health centers).
- Post-Devolution structure (LGC 1991): Shift towards cities/municipalities handling basic services, provinces managing district hospitals, and DOH overseeing tertiary facilities and re-nationalized provincial hospitals.
Directions of the Philippine Health Sector
- Slogan: "All for Health Towards Health For All" for a Healthy Philippines by 2020
- Universal Health Care (UHC) expansion through a comprehensive approach.
- Health System guarantees: Population- and individual-level interventions for all life stages which promote health, prevent disease/treat complications, provide rehabilitation, and palliation. Access to health interventions through functional networks. Financial freedom when accessing interventions through Universal Health Insurance.
- The Philippine Development Plan (2017-2022), NEDA AmBisyon Natin 2040, and Sustainable Development Goals (2030) guide the development and future direction of the Philippine health sector.
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