Health System Management in Nigeria
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Questions and Answers

What was the first significant health planning initiative in Nigeria during the post-colonial period?

  • National Health Bill
  • Ten-Year Plan for Development and Welfare (correct)
  • National Health Account
  • Rolling Plan for Health Services

    • Which health system component reflects the government's role in establishing health-related policies?

  • Health Sector Performance Review
  • National Health Account
  • Public-Private Partnerships
  • Policy and Advocacy (correct)

    • Which health initiative was formally launched to enhance health insurance coverage in Nigeria?

  • National Health Insurance Scheme (correct)
  • Primary Health Care Approach
  • National Hospital Services Commission
  • Presidential Health Summit

    • What was the primary outcome of the various National Development Plans (NDP) regarding health services?

    <p>Strategies for health-related Millennium Development Goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which key achievement reflects the government's integration and accountability in health services?

    <p>Merging of NPI and NPHCDA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element of management emphasizes the need to forecast and plan actions?

    <p>Prevoyance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What function is NOT part of the key functions of a health system according to the WHO?

    <p>Policy Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does NOT represent a type of work relation in management?

    <p>Operational</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect of management involves ensuring that activities comply with established rules?

    <p>To control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of health systems, which performance criterion is NOT listed under the financing function?

    <p>Innovation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Who are considered as potential players in Health System Strategies?

    <p>Local and international NGOs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of health systems described in the WHO framework?

    <p>Research and Development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which resource is NOT included in the efficient use of resources in management?

    <p>Legal resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the rank of the NHS performance among the Member States by the WHO in 2000?

    <p>187th</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following components is NOT associated with health systems?

    <p>Economic growth rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the main challenges faced by the health system in FRN?

    <p>Poor coordination and harmony</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the projected population of FRN in 2010?

    <p>160,821,353</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant outcome of the epidemiological transition mentioned in the content?

    <p>Double disease burden</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gender constitutes the majority of the population in FRN based on the 2010 projection?

    <p>Male</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What central role does the national development initiative underscore within the country?

    <p>Human capital development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which geographical region is the FRN located?

    <p>West Africa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a critical component to ensure equity in health services distribution?

    <p>Community engagement in healthcare decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is essential for the sustainability of health systems according to the recommendations?

    <p>Adequate funding and transparency in management</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the concept of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

    <p>Universal health care that is affordable and community-driven</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do inter-sectoral collaborations play in health systems strengthening?

    <p>They support holistic approaches by involving various ministries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which challenge is NOT mentioned as a current issue in health systems strengthening?

    <p>Over-reliance on traditional practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the higher levels' process for improving health systems?

    <p>Diagnose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which human resource objective focuses on achieving satisfactory work conditions?

    <p>Motivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key achievement related to human resources for health?

    <p>HRH policy and strategic plan</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does risk-pooling in healthcare financing primarily deal with?

    <p>Healthcare accessibility and coverage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is part of the health management information systems' data cycle?

    <p>Data collection and analysis procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which action is NOT a focus under workforce objectives?

    <p>Risk pooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the federal budgetary allocation for health in Nigeria in 2012?

    <p>6.0%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following represents an achievement of resource mobilization?

    <p>Increased federal budget allocation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What major health challenge did Nigeria tackle to become a Guinea worm disease-free country?

    <p>Traditional epidemics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which indicator reflects the comparison of health status improvements in Nigeria from 2010 to 2015?

    <p>Under 5 mortality rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant health accomplishment did Nigeria achieve on August 25, 2020?

    <p>Eradication of polio</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of health financing is crucial for maintaining progress in the health sector in Nigeria?

    <p>Sustainable health care financing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following indicators is NOT typically used to assess the health status of Nigerian children under five?

    <p>Adult obesity rate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does health system performance have on child mortality rates?

    <p>It decreases child mortality rates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the potential consequences of discontinuity in health system management in Nigeria?

    <p>Reversal of health achievements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chart provides information about maternal mortality ratios from multiple data sources?

    <p>Trends in MMR chart</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Introduction

    • The presentation is a lecture note on health system management.
    • The presenter is Dr. M.J. Saka, a professor of public health.
    • Dr. Saka has numerous roles in various Nigerian universities.
    • Contact information is provided for the presenter.

    Outline

    • The presentation includes background information.
    • It details the statement of problems.
    • It includes the components of the health system.
    • It discusses challenges for each system.
    • It details the conclusion and recommendations.

    Background Information

    • FRN is located in West Africa.
    • It has a land area of 923,768 km2.
    • The projected population in 2010 was 160,821,353 million.
    • The annual population growth rate is 3.2%.
    • The population demographics show 51% male and 49% female.
    • National development initiatives highlight human capital development, with health a key factor in Nigeria's poverty reduction strategies.
    • The health sector aims to strengthen the National Health System.

    Map of FRN

    • A map of FRN is displayed, showing the various states, capital cities, and national borders.

    Background Cont'd

    • National development initiatives stress human capital development, with health being crucial.
    • The health sector has translated national development initiatives to strengthen the National Health System.

    Statement of Problems

    • In 2000, the NHS performance was ranked 187th among 191 WHO member states.
    • Health trends and indicators are poor.
    • There is a lack of capacity in policy formulation, implementation, and monitoring.
    • Coordination and harmony are poor.
    • Epidemiological transition leads to a "double disease burden."

    Definition of Health Systems and the Conceptual Framework

    • Health systems are organizations, institutions, and resources devoted to producing health actions (WHO).
    • A health system strengthening (HSS) initiative is an array of strategies that improves HS functions, leading to better health through improvements in access, coverage, quality, or efficiency.
    • Definition includes various players, like NGOs (local and international).
    • Encompasses all levels involved in funding or implementing health activities.

    Management is Getting Things Done

    • Management focuses on getting things done through people, who are the most crucial resource.
    • Management involves efficient use of resources like human, material, financial, time and information resources.
    • Management is about harmonizing efforts to achieve objectives.

    Health Systems and the conceptual framework

    • The WHO 2000 report identifies the four key functions of the health system: Stewardship, Financing, Human and Physical resources, and Organization and management of service delivery.

    Historic Development of NHS (Pre-Colonial Era)

    • The NHS is pluralistic, including allopathic and traditional care systems.
    • Traditional medicine existed before allopathic medicine, which was introduced by missionaries in the late 19th century.
    • Public health services originated from British Army Medical Services.
    • Religious organizations and private bodies have played a role.

    Historical Dev. HSS Post Colonial

    • National Development Plans (NDP) and government decisions have shaped health systems since 1960.
    • Three- and four-year development plans have been implemented.
    • Departments of Health existed before 1960 under the British government.

    KEY COMPONENTS OF HEALTH SYSTEMS AND THE ACHIEVEMENTS

    • The government's role is policy and advocacy, developing policies, regulations, and guidelines affecting the system.
    • Revised NHP (1988), updated in 2004, and the National Health Bill are significant achievements.

    Stewardship Achievements

    • Several significant achievements in health system stewardship have been made, including the establishment of National Hospital Services Commission, framework for health-related MDGs, the revitalization of the National Council on Health and State Council for Health, and the formal launch of the NHIS & CBHIS.

    4-step approach to PHC strengthening

    • A four-step approach for strengthening PHC involves diagnosis, intervention, verification, and adjustment.
    • Key aspects of this approach include micro-planning, management support, and partnerships.

    Human Resource For Health

    • Human resource actions, workforce objectives, health system performance, and health outcomes are key factors for a functioning health system.

    Achievements

    • HRH profile for the country
    • HRH policy and Strategic plan
    • State Specific HRH SIP
    • HRH HIS
    • HRH crisis, shortage, migration and Attrition

    Health Care Financing

    • Health care financing involves resource mobilization from donors, firms, and households, with risk pooling and purchasing decisions.
    • Various forms of health insurance and financial mechanisms are employed.

    Achievements

    • Expenditure patterns in Nigeria show progress in federal budgetary allocation for health.
    • Tertiary health care institutions receive a large portion of the budget.
    • The MTEF, NHA document, expenditure tracing systems, and accountability tracking systems are crucial achievements.

    Health Management Information Systems

    • The NHMIS provides the needed infrastructure and mechanisms for collecting and analyzing health data.
    • The data management cycle involves collection, reporting, validation, transmission, analysis.

    NHMIS Achievements

    • Increased attention to the NHMIS through the NSHDP25.
    • National level reporting from states has increased.
    • The use of the NHMIS Software (DHIS 2.0) is adapted.

    Health Systems Performance

    • The national health system performance reflects clarity concerning roles and responsibilities.
    • A strong structure for harmonizing federal and state financing is lacking.
    • The NCH has limited capacity.
    • Nigeria has limited progress in delivering critical health services.
    • Income inequality is present in health outcomes.
    • Facilities are not adequately stocked.
    • Tertiary institutions are now enjoying financial discretion from internally generated revenue.

    Issues and challenges

    • Nigeria's healthcare system faces significant challenges.
    • Attaining MDGs by 2015, tackling epidemics, the country's size and diversity, stewardship/coordination issues, funding, and human resources for health.

    Impact of Health Systems Function and Performance

    • The overall health status of populations in Nigeria is presented using nine indicators in the NSHDP 2010-2015.
    • Statistical indicators, like maternal mortality rate, under-5 mortality rate, infant mortality rate, life expectancy, prevalence of measles, among others are presented.

    Summary

    • HSS is defined with a conceptual framework.
    • Historical development of HSS in Nigeria is detailed.
    • HSS is making progress.
    • Many challenges exist.
    • Performance has not met MDG goals.
    • Recommendations are presented.

    Conclusion

    • HSS Management makes considerable progress towards national health outcomes.
    • Sustainability remains a challenge.
    • The prevailing economic, security, and political climate affects sustainability. Discontinuity can lead to reversing progress.

    Conclusion

    • HSS Priorities need to be agreed upon.
    • Community resources should be harnessed for vulnerable populations.
    • Equity in health services distribution and utilization is critical.
    • Effective management of fiscal resources is needed for the health sector.

    Recommendations

    • Transparency and ethical stewardship are needed across all spheres of national life.
    • Continued political commitment is necessary for HRH.
    • Funding needs are substantial and require inter-sectoral collaboration.
    • Strong public-private partnerships should be pursued.

    Health Systems Issues and Challenges

    • Health systems issues and challenges are becoming more apparent. Discussions about the issues must become ongoing.

    Concept of PHC

    • Essential health care relies on practical, scientifically sound, and socially acceptable methods. This approach should make these methods accessible to all communities while remaining affordable and maintaining self-reliance and self-determination.

    PHC Organogram

    • The structure of the PHC system in Nigeria is presented in an organogram form. Levels of responsibility within the structure are laid out.

    Summary

    • HSS is defined with a conceptual framework.
    • Historical development of HSS in Nigeria is presented
    • Progress in HSS has improved in accessibility, affordability areas. Sustainability is an open issue.
    • Many challenges are addressed in the HSS Block.
    • Despite the issues, performance is evaluated against MDG goals.
    • Recommendations regarding solutions are included.

    Thank You

    • Presentation concludes with a thank you.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the key components of health system management in Nigeria, as presented by Dr. M.J. Saka. It covers background information, problems, and challenges within the health sector, alongside recommendations for improvement. Understand the role of health systems in national development and poverty reduction strategies in Nigeria.

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