Physical Activity, Sedentary Behaviour, & Body Mass

Questions and Answers

What is the estimated annual cost to the UK caused by lack of physical activity?

£1 billion

£0.9 billion

£7.4 billion (correct)

£6.5 billion

Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a major contributing factor to lower levels of physical activity in the UK?

Increased car use for travel

Long working hours (correct)

Lack of access to affordable gyms

Domination by technology at home and work

What is the recommended approach to increasing physical activity levels?

Join a gym and commit to a strict workout schedule

Start small and build up gradually (correct)

Start with vigorous exercise for at least 30 minutes daily

Focus on high-intensity interval training (HIIT)

What is the link between physical inactivity and obesity?

Physical inactivity is a major contributor to obesity Signup and view all the answers

What is the minimum duration of moderate physical activity that provides health benefits?

10 minutes Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions are mentioned as potential consequences of long-term physical inactivity?

Diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and respiratory disease Signup and view all the answers

What is the estimated annual cost to the NHS due to lack of physical activity?

£0.9 billion Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benefit of even short bursts of moderate physical activity?

All of the above Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of moderate-intensity physical activity?

It involves a significant increase in breathing and heart rate. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major contributor to the rise in sedentary behaviour?

The increasing prevalence of desk-based jobs and screen time. Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between physical inactivity and sedentary behaviour?

Sedentary behaviour is a specific type of physical inactivity. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a health risk associated with prolonged sedentary behaviour?

Improved bone density and muscle mass. Signup and view all the answers

How does the text define 'physical inactivity'?

Physical activity that does not meet recommended levels. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason cited in the text for the increase in sedentary behaviour?

Changes in the physical, social, and economic environment. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about physical activity levels is true according to the text?

Physical activity levels have remained relatively constant over time. Signup and view all the answers

Why is it difficult to completely replace sedentary time with active time?

Many jobs require prolonged periods of sitting. Signup and view all the answers

What physiological response may occur at higher levels of exercise?

Reduced fat loss due to stress impacts Signup and view all the answers

How does increasing physical activity affect hunger in the short term?

There is no change in hunger for 2 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT contribute to body mass increase as people age?

Improved nutritional habits Signup and view all the answers

What percentage does appetite generally increase after 2 weeks of a physical activity program?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about the effects of increased physical activity related to energy compensation?

Increased physical activity leads to reduced food intake immediately Signup and view all the answers

In individuals who become sedentary, what is the response in terms of appetite?

Increased appetite does not occur Signup and view all the answers

What factor tends to lead to increased weight gain in older adults?

Decline in physical activity due to age Signup and view all the answers

What amount of physical activity is suggested to prevent weight gain?

500 to 1000 kcal per week Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Factors Contributing to Low Physical Activity

Domination by technology at home and at work, and increasing car use for travel, contribute to lower levels of physical activity in the UK.
This lack of physical activity is estimated to cost the UK £7.4 billion a year, including £0.9 billion to the NHS alone.
Long-term conditions such as diabetes, cardiovascular, and respiratory disease are linked to low physical activity.

Moderate Physical Activity

Just 10 minutes of moderate physical activity at a time provides physical and mental health benefits.
Physical activity alone can result in fat loss, but some people are 'non-responders' to exercise interventions due to factors related to physiological stress response.

Energy Expenditure and Hunger

Compensation to energy lost in physical activity is not immediate; individuals who increase their physical activity level by up to 1000kCal/day do not see any change in hunger for 2 weeks.
After 2 weeks on a physical activity programme, hunger and appetite increase by around 30% (varies widely between individuals from 0 to 100%).
There is no compensation for a reduction in energy expenditure; individuals do not naturally reduce their hunger and appetite if they become sedentary.

Preventing Weight Gain

Body mass increases in both men and women with age due to gradual fall in resting metabolic rate, reduction in physical activity level, fall in leisure time, and increase in sedentary pursuits and hobbies.
Moderate-intensity physical activities, such as brisk walking or cycling, can help prevent weight gain.

Sedentary Behaviour

Sedentary behaviour is defined as any waking behaviour characterized by an energy expenditure ≤1.5 METs while in a sitting, reclining or lying posture.
Sedentary behaviour and physical inactivity have increased in recent years due to changes in the physical, social, and economic environment.
Healthy adults can spend up to 20 hours in a 24-hour period sitting or lying down, and increased sedentary behaviour is an independent risk factor for diseases.

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Description

This quiz explores the impact of technology and transportation on physical activity levels, based on the Health Survey for England.