38 Questions
What is the primary objective of manpower development in the context of PHC?
To mobilize the human potential of the entire community
What is the main characteristic of appropriate technology in PHC?
It is adoptable to local needs and affordable
What is the primary goal of community participation in PHC?
To assume responsibility for their own health and welfare
What is the role of a multi-sectoral approach in PHC?
To coordinate efforts with other related sectors
What is the primary focus of the health system in PHC?
To give priority to those in most need
What is the characteristic of a scientifically sound approach in PHC?
It is based on the application of relevant research results
What is the focus of a culturally sound approach in PHC?
It reflects and evolves from economic conditions and socio-cultural characteristics
What is the ultimate goal of PHC?
To promote comprehensive health care for all
What is the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent?
Immunization
What type of material is administered to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop an adaptive immunity to a pathogen?
Antigenic material
Which days of the week are health facilities expected to provide routine vaccination services?
Monday to Friday
What type of populations are District Health Offices expected to cater to with outreach services?
Specially disadvantaged populations
What is the purpose of outreach immunization services?
To provide vaccination services to specially disadvantaged populations
What is the main objective of community health nursing?
To provide holistic care to the community
What is the definition of community health nursing?
The synthesis of nursing and public health practice applied to promoting and protecting the health of the population
What type of services must facilities that operate maternity units provide to newborns?
BCG and Birth OPV vaccination seven days a week
What is the responsibility of the Division of Vaccines and Immunization?
To ensure adequate and reliable supply of vaccination related logistics
What is the purpose of community health nursing?
To preserve, protect, promote or maintain health
What is health according to the WHO?
A state of physical, mental and social wellbeing
What is the goal of the Kenya Essential Package for Health?
To address issues of equitable access to health services
What is a community?
A group of people who live in a defined geographical area with common goals and objectives and potential for interacting with one another
What was the early history of community health nursing?
Female family members and friends attended to the sick at home
What is the focus of community health nursing?
On the health needs of individuals, families, and groups in a community
What is the goal of community health nursing?
To improve the quality of health and life within the community
What is the primary objective of a health service delivery system?
To enable all citizens to receive healthcare services wherever needed, cost-effectively, and meet pre-established standards of quality
What affects an individual's concept of health?
Place of residence, community, and individual level variations including occupation, education, subculture, age, gender, and health status
What is community mobilization?
A capacity building process through which individuals can work with the community to identify and plan health activities
What is the primary goal of community participation?
To enable individuals and families to assume responsibility for their own health and that of the community
What is the result of community mobilization?
Individuals and groups are empowered to take action to facilitate change
What is the role of community participation in health activities?
To enable local people to develop commitment, skills, and knowledge, and to enhance the partnership with health workers
What is health service delivery point?
The part of the healthcare system where patients receive treatment and supplies
What is the importance of understanding the client's concept of health?
It is necessary to understand the client's concept of health to conduct relevant and effective health assessment, planning, intervention, and evaluation
What is the main goal of the Ministry of Health's immunization program?
To raise and maintain optimal immunization coverage levels
What is the role of the Immunization Technical Advisory Committee?
To continuously review immunization service delivery in line with current information
What is the minimum coverage level of fully immunized children that all districts and counties should achieve and maintain?
80%
Why is it important to ensure that all vaccines administered are to the correct target groups, according to the prescribed schedule, through the prescribed route of administration, at the correct dosage, and using the recommended injection device?
To prevent vaccine-related adverse reactions
What is the principle behind the goal of achieving high immunization coverage levels in all districts and counties?
The full protection of one child is based on the collective protection of all children
Who is responsible for assessing vaccines in use in the country for conformity to desired quality standards and potency?
The Ministry of Health
Study Notes
Principles of Primary Health Care
- Services should be physically, socially, and financially accessible to everyone.
- Five key elements: manpower development, community participation, appropriate technology, multi-sectoral approach, and pillars of PHC.
Pillars of Primary Health Care
- Health system: sustained by integrated, functional, and mutually supportive referral systems.
- Prioritize essential health problems: addresses main health care problems in the community through promotive, preventive, curative, and rehabilitative services.
- Scientifically, practically, and sound: based on the application of social, biomedical, and health services research.
- Culturally sound: socially acceptable methods and technology, reflecting economic conditions and socio-cultural and political characteristics of the country and community.
Introduction to Community Health
- Main objective: to provide holistic care to the community.
- Specific objectives: describe community health, primary health care, key household practices, recognize potential health hazards, discuss food hygiene and water sanitation, and describe ideal housing conditions and waste management.
Definition and Purpose of Community Health Nursing
- Definition: synthesis of nursing and public health practice applied to promoting and protecting the health of the population.
- Purpose: to preserve, protect, promote, or maintain health and improve the quality of health and life within the community.
What is Health?
- A state of physical, mental, and social wellbeing, not merely the absence of disease and infirmity (WHO).
What is a Community?
- A collection of people who interact with one another and whose common interest or characteristics gives them a sense of unity and belonging.
- A group of people in a defined geographical area with common goals and objectives and potential for interacting with one another.
History of Community Health Nursing
- Early home care: female family members and friends attended to the sick at home, also done by religious groups and charitable organizations.
Health Service Delivery Point
- Where patients receive treatment and supplies, entitled to cost-effective and quality services meeting pre-established standards.
Community Mobilization and Participation
- Community mobilization: a capacity-building process to identify and plan health activities, enabling local people to develop commitment, skills, and knowledge.
- Community participation: the involvement of people in community projects to solve their own problems, enabling individuals and groups to take action to facilitate change.
Immunization and Vaccination
- Immunization: the process by which an individual's immune system becomes fortified against an agent.
- Vaccination: the administration of antigenic material to stimulate an individual's immune system to develop adaptive immunity to a pathogen.
Obligations of the Ministry of Health on Vaccination Services
- Provision of all routine vaccination services free of charge, except for foreign travel.
- Vitamin A supplementation to be provided free of charge.
- Main strategy for delivery: through health facilities (fixed outlets) and outreach services.
- The Ministry of Health shall ensure adequate and reliable supply of vaccination-related logistics, promote the uptake of vaccination services, and continuously review immunization service delivery.
This quiz covers the principles of health services, including accessibility, manpower development, community participation, and appropriate technology. It assesses knowledge on the role of these factors in promoting health and welfare.
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