Health Science Quiz: Digestive Disorders and Metabolism

<p>Erosion of the stomach's mucosal lining. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fluid and electrolyte replacement. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To filter blood and maintain fluid balance in the body. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acetyl-CoA (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ultra-filtering blood to initiate urine production. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Decreased food intake because of changes in taste and difficulty swallowing. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Citric Acid Cycle (Krebs Cycle) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Infection of the stomach by <em>H. pylori</em> bacteria (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>45 to 65% (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They provide energy primarily from added sugars or unhealthy fats, with minimal vitamins and minerals. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming liquids mainly between instead of with meals (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Added sugars are introduced during food processing, while fruit sugars are inherent to the food. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduced ability to chew, leading to reduced nutrient absorption. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unrefined carbohydrate sources (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>≥ 28 g (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disaccharides are composed of two monosaccharides, while oligosaccharides contain less than ten. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Hiatal hernia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Condensation reaction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Antibiotics to treat infection. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Separation of carbohydrates from vitamins, minerals, and fiber. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acid leaking into the esophagus. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It includes certain complex carbohydrates that human enzymes cannot digest, shown to have health/physiological benefits. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Reduce meal size. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>By promoting the production of bile acids, which are then excreted, thus reducing cholesterol. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure a constant supply of energy to the brain and other cells, and to prevent damage from high or low levels. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Consuming a sugary drink on an empty stomach. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ferments in the large intestine, producing gases and drawing water in, which causes bloating, cramping, and diarrhea. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Muscle cells lack the enzyme needed to convert muscle glycogen back into glucose that can be released into the bloodstream. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Whole grains include the bran and germ, contributing fibre, vitamins, and vegetable oils, whereas refined grains are mostly endosperm. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To compensate for nutrients lost during the refining process. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A lower intake of fiber, magnesium, and other micronutrients compared to a diet rich in whole grains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It suggests that at least half of grain servings should be whole grains. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Brown rice has a higher magnesium content compared to white rice. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nutrients have been added to the product to replace those lost during processing. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The endosperm, which is mainly composed of starch. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They constitute a significant percentage of total daily caloric intake, largely from added sugars. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Health conditions affecting food digestion including vomiting, diarrhea, and constipation.

Forceful expulsion of stomach contents due to infections, medications, or food allergies.

Frequent loose or liquid bowel movements caused by infections, medications, or food intolerance.

Infrequent or difficult bowel movements often due to low fiber and fluid intake.

A digestive disorder with symptoms like cramping, bloating, and changes in bowel habits.

A condition caused by disease or medication leading to difficulty in chewing and swallowing.

Results in decreased food intake, increased tooth decay, and gum disease.

A condition caused by stomach acid leaking into the esophagus, causing discomfort.

Leads to heartburn, ulcers, chest pain, and increased cancer risk.

A condition where part of the stomach pushes through the diaphragm, potentially causing GERD.

Open sores in the stomach caused by infection from H. pylori bacteria.

Can lead to pain, bleeding, and abdominal infections.

Typically involves antibiotics, antacids, and dietary changes.

Sugars added to food or found in honey, syrups, and juices.

Sugars included in processed foods beyond their natural state.

Carbohydrates made of single sugar molecules called monosaccharides.

Carbohydrates formed by linking two monosaccharides, like sucrose.

Complex carbohydrates that cannot be digested, aiding health.

Nutrients like glucose are metabolized into Acetyl-CoA in the presence of oxygen.

Acetyl-CoA undergoes the Citric Acid Cycle to produce carbon dioxide and electrons.

Electrons from the Citric Acid Cycle are shuttled to form water and ATP.

Nephrons filter blood in kidneys and maintain fluid balance.

The glomerulus is a ball of capillaries that ultrafilters blood to produce urine.

Nephrons reabsorb essential compounds like salts and glucose during filtration.

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Range for carbohydrates is 45 to 65% of energy intake.

Whole foods contain natural carbohydrates, unlike refined ones that lack nutrients.

Foods that have been processed to alter or remove original components.

Grains that retain their bran, germ, and endosperm, rich in fiber and nutrients.

The innermost part of grains that contains starch and some protein.

A plant-based carbohydrate that aids in digestion and has many health benefits.

Whole grains provide more fiber and vitamins than refined grains.

Refined grains may be enriched with B vitamins and iron post-processing.

Half of grain servings should consist of whole grains for better health.

Fibre that dissolves in water; found in oats, apples, beans.

Fibre that does not dissolve; aids digestion and moves quickly.

Ranking of foods based on their effect on blood glucose levels.

Inability to digest lactose due to low lactase enzyme.