Health Science Chapter 23: Drugs

Questions and Answers

What are the four categories in which medicines are classified?

Helps prevent disease

Fights pathogens

Relieves pain

All of the above (correct)

What are the three kinds of side effects that medicines can have?

Additive interaction, synergistic effect, antagonistic interaction

What is additive interaction?

When two medicines work together in a positive way

What is a synergistic effect?

Interaction of 2 or more medicines that result in a greater effect than when taken alone Signup and view all the answers

What is an antagonistic interaction?

Effect of one medicine is reduced or cancelled by the other Signup and view all the answers

What is prescription medicine?

Medicines that require the written approval of a doctor Signup and view all the answers

What does over-the-counter mean?

Medicines that can be bought without prescriptions Signup and view all the answers

What is substance abuse?

Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for nonmedical purposes Signup and view all the answers

What are three physical consequences of substance abuse?

Damage to brain, heart, lungs Signup and view all the answers

What are three mental consequences of substance abuse?

Clouds reasoning, forgetting virtues, no guidance for conduct Signup and view all the answers

What are the consequences of drug abuse on society?

Rise in drug-related crime, DUI's lead to car collisions, illegal drugs cost the economy $160 billion a year Signup and view all the answers

How does marijuana affect the body?

Raises level of dopamine Signup and view all the answers

How do inhalants affect the body?

Depress the central nervous system Signup and view all the answers

What are the risks of using steroids?

Expelled from competition and team, monetary fines, jail time Signup and view all the answers

What are psychoactive drugs?

Chemicals that affect the central nervous system and other activity in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What are stimulants?

Drugs that speed up the central nervous system (e.g. nicotine, coffee) Signup and view all the answers

What are depressants?

Drugs that slow down the central nervous system (e.g. alcohol, Rohypnol) Signup and view all the answers

What are designer drugs?

Synthetic substances meant to initiate the effects of hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs Signup and view all the answers

What is euphoria?

Feeling of intense well-being or elation Signup and view all the answers

What are drug-free school zones?

Areas within 1,000 feet of schools where selling drugs leads to severe penalties Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of drug treatment facilities?

Adjusting to life without drugs Signup and view all the answers

Why are support groups a popular treatment for addiction?

They provide long-term moral support that the recovering user needs Signup and view all the answers

What are medicines?

Drugs that are used to treat or prevent disease or other conditions Signup and view all the answers

What are drugs?

Substances other than food that change the structure or function of the body or mind Signup and view all the answers

What is a vaccine?

Preparation introduced into the body to stimulate an immune response Signup and view all the answers

What are antibiotics?

Class of chemical agents that destroy disease-causing microorganisms while leaving the patient unharmed Signup and view all the answers

What are analgesics?

Pain relievers Signup and view all the answers

What are four medicines that promote health?

Allergy medicines, body regulating medicines, antidepressants, cancer treatments Signup and view all the answers

What are side effects?

Reactions to medicine other than the one needed Signup and view all the answers

What are illegal drugs?

Chemical substances that people of any age may not lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell Signup and view all the answers

What is illicit drug use?

Use or sale of any substance that's illegal or otherwise not permitted Signup and view all the answers

What are factors that influence drug use?

Peer pressure, family, media Signup and view all the answers

What is an overdose?

Strong, sometimes fatal reaction to taking a large amount of a drug Signup and view all the answers

What is psychological dependence?

Condition in which a person believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function Signup and view all the answers

What is physiological dependence?

Condition in which the user has a chemical need for the drug Signup and view all the answers

What is addiction?

Physiological or psychological dependence on a drug Signup and view all the answers

What is marijuana?

Plant whose leaves, buds, and flowers are smoked for their intoxicating effects Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Drug Classification and Effects

Medicines are classified into four categories: prevent disease, fight pathogens, relieve pain, maintain/restore health.
Three types of side effects: additive interaction, synergistic effect, antagonistic interaction.
Additive interaction occurs when two medicines positively work together.
Synergistic effect results in a greater impact when medicines are taken in combination.
Antagonistic interaction happens when one medicine reduces or cancels the effect of another.

Types of Medicines

Prescription medicines require a doctor’s written approval for use.
Over-the-counter medicines can be purchased without prescriptions.
Vaccines stimulate an immune response through preparation introduced into the body.
Antibiotics destroy disease-causing microorganisms while protecting the patient.

Substance Abuse and Consequences

Substance abuse is the improper use of chemicals for nonmedical purposes.
Physical consequences include damage to the brain, heart, and lungs.
Mental consequences can cloud reasoning, diminish virtues, and remove guidance for behavior.
Drug abuse affects society through increased drug-related crime and economic costs of approximately $160 billion annually.

Drug Effects on the Body

Marijuana raises dopamine levels, influencing mood and behavior.
Inhalants depress the central nervous system, impacting bodily functions.

Types of Drugs and Their Impact

Stimulants (e.g., nicotine, coffee) speed up the central nervous system.
Depressants (e.g., alcohol, Rohypnol) slow down the central nervous system.
Designer drugs are synthetic substances mimicking hallucinogens and other dangerous drugs.

Psychological and Physiological Dependence

Euphoria is the intense feeling of well-being often sought with drug use.
Psychological dependence involves the belief that a drug is necessary for well-being or functioning.
Physiological dependence occurs when the body has a chemical need for a drug.
Addiction includes both psychological and physiological dependencies on substances.

Drug Regulation and Treatment

Drug-free school zones are areas where selling drugs incurs severe penalties, to discourage drug-related activities near schools.
Drug treatment facilities focus on helping individuals adjust to life without drugs.
Support groups offer long-term moral support for individuals recovering from addiction.

Risks and Illegal Drugs

The risks of using steroids include expulsion from competition, fines, and potential jail time.
Illegal drugs are prohibited substances that cannot be manufactured, possessed, or sold.
Illicit drug use refers to using or selling substances that are illegal or not permitted.

Additional Concepts

Side effects are unintended reactions to medications.
Overdose can lead to strong and sometimes fatal reactions from excessive drug intake.
Factors influencing drug use include peer pressure, family influences, and media portrayals.

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Explore the key concepts of Chapter 23 related to drugs and their classifications. This quiz covers different types of medicines, their side effects, and interactions. Test your understanding of how medications can help prevent disease and maintain health.