Nutrition & a Healthy Body

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following body systems is associated with the health risk of stroke?

Endocrine

Cardiovascular (correct)

Gastrointestinal

Musculoskeletal

Which of the following health risks is associated with the gastrointestinal system?

Chronic kidney disease

Gastro-oesophageal reflux disease (correct)

Hypertension

Type 2 diabetes

Which of the following health risks is associated with the pulmonary system?

Asthma (correct)

Osteoarthritis

Coronary heart disease

Gallbladder disease

Which of the following body systems is associated with the health risk of type 2 diabetes?

Endocrine Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of nutrition?

Providing or obtaining food for health and growth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health risks is associated with the musculoskeletal system?

Osteoarthritis Signup and view all the answers

What are the four processes involved in nutrition?

Ingestion, Digestion, Absorption, Assimilation Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health risks is associated with the genitourinary system?

Prostate cancer Signup and view all the answers

What are the National Health Priorities identified by the Australian Government?

9 NHP’s: Cancer, Cardiovascular disease, Diabetes, Asthma, Obesity, Dementia, Injury prevention & control, Mental health, and more Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the National Health Priorities?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following body systems is associated with the health risk of chronic kidney disease?

Genitourinary Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of this session?

Those National Health Priorities associated with nutrition Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following health risks is associated with the cardiovascular system?

Hypertension Signup and view all the answers

How many National Health Priorities are identified by the Australian Government?

9 Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the National Health Priorities?

To focus on health issues with significant existence in the Australian population Signup and view all the answers

Who has made the material in this presentation available for students?

Western Sydney University Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions?

Poor diet and nutrition Signup and view all the answers

What is a major health risk associated with being overweight or obese?

Increased risk of diabetes Signup and view all the answers

According to the Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, what percentage of Australian children are overweight or obese?

1 in 4 Signup and view all the answers

What is the trend in the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australia?

It is increasing rapidly Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference in the prevalence of overweight and obesity between outer regional and remote areas and major cities?

30% more people are overweight or obese in outer regional and remote areas Signup and view all the answers

What is the health risk associated with overweight and obesity in adults, according to Obesity briefing paper no 08/2012?

Increased risk of heart disease Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of Australian adults are overweight or obese?

Over 50% Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of the information about the prevalence of overweight and obesity in Australia?

Australian Institute of Health and Welfare Signup and view all the answers

What is recommended for daily consumption according to the Healthy Eating Pyramid?

Vegetables and whole-grain foods Signup and view all the answers

How many servings of dairy products or calcium supplements are recommended daily?

1–2 servings Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of consumption for red meat and butter?

Sparingly Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of fruits?

2–3 servings Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended frequency of consumption for fish, poultry, and eggs?

0–2 servings Signup and view all the answers

What is the recommended daily intake of nuts and legumes?

1–3 servings Signup and view all the answers

What is the importance of daily exercise and weight control in the Healthy Eating Pyramid?

Recommended Signup and view all the answers

What type of foods should be consumed at most meals according to the Healthy Eating Pyramid?

Whole-grain foods Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of stage 2 anabolism and catabolism of nutrients?

To incorporate nutrients into molecules Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of stage 3 oxidative breakdown?

The formation of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation Signup and view all the answers

What is the byproduct of glycolysis?

Pyruvic acid Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of mitochondria in stage 3 oxidative breakdown?

To oxidize stage 2 products Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?

Glycolysis produces pyruvic acid, which is then used in the Krebs cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the outcome of the electron transport chain?

The production of ATP Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of acetyl CoA in the metabolic pathway?

To enter the Krebs cycle Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between glycogen and glucose?

Glycogen is broken down to form glucose Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Body Systems and Health Risks

Different body systems are associated with various health risks:
- Cardiovascular: stroke, coronary heart disease, hypertension
- Endocrine: type 2 diabetes
- Gastrointestinal: gallbladder disease, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, hepatic, biliary and pancreatic disease, cancers of the bowel, oesophagus, gall bladder and pancreas
- Genitourinary: chronic kidney disease, end-stage renal disease, kidney cancer, glomerulopathy, kidney stones, prostate cancer, stress urinary incontinence in women
- Pulmonary: obstructive sleep apnoea, asthma
- Musculoskeletal: osteoarthritis, spinal disc disorders, lower back pain, disorders of soft-tissue structures

Nutrition and Health

Nutrition involves the processes of ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation to provide food for health and growth
National Health Priorities (NHPs) identified by the Australian Government include:
- Cancer
- Cardiovascular disease
- Injury prevention and control
- Mental health
- Diabetes
- Asthma
- Obesity
- Dementia
- Arthritis and musculoskeletal conditions
Poor diet and nutrition are among the greatest behavioural risk factors for obesity and cardiovascular disease

Overweight and Obesity

Over half of adults in Australia are overweight or obese, which increases the risk of diabetes
The number of overweight and obese individuals is increasing rapidly
Over 30% more people living in outer regional and remote areas are obese than those living in major cities
1 in 4 Australian children are overweight or obese

Health Risks Associated with Overweight and Obesity

Health risks associated with overweight and obesity in adults include:
- Increased risk of diabetes and cardiovascular disease

Healthy Eating Pyramid

A healthy eating pyramid recommends:
- Vegetables in abundance
- Fruits: 2-3 servings
- Whole-grain foods at most meals
- Dairy or calcium supplement: 1-2 servings
- Fish, poultry, eggs: 0-2 servings
- Nuts, legumes: 1-3 servings
- Red meat, butter: use sparingly
- White rice, white bread, potatoes, pasta, sweets: use sparingly
- Plant oils: use at most meals
- Daily exercise and weight control

Nutrition Processes

Nutrition processes involve:
- Stage 1: ingestion, digestion, absorption, and assimilation
- Stage 2: anabolism (incorporation into molecules) and catabolism of nutrients to form intermediates within tissue cells
- Stage 3: oxidative breakdown of stage 2 products occurs in mitochondria of tissue cells, resulting in the release of energy and the formation of ATP

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Description

This quiz covers the relationship between various body systems and associated health risks, including cardiovascular, endocrine, and gastrointestinal systems. Identify the health risks associated with each body system.