Health Psychology and Coping Strategies
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Questions and Answers

What is an example of a negative symptom in schizophrenia?

  • Increased emotional expression
  • Enhanced cognitive abilities
  • Reduction in emotional expression (correct)
  • Persistent hallucinations

    • Which term is used to describe the inability to experience pleasure in schizophrenia?

  • Avolition
  • Asociality
  • Alogia
  • Anhedonia (correct)

    • What does the term 'prodromal symptoms' refer to in schizophrenia?

  • Symptoms that are present before the acute phase (correct)
  • Symptoms that occur after an acute episode
  • Symptoms that only occur during the acute episode
  • Symptoms related to cognitive deficits

    • Who introduced the label 'schizophrenia'?

    <p>Emil Kraepelin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following disorders is characterized by the combination of schizophrenia and mood disorder?

    <p>Schizoaffective disorder</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the diathesis-stress model suggest about the development of disorders?

    <p>Certain vulnerabilities combine with stress to create disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which neurotransmitter is primarily associated with mood regulation and emotional stability?

    <p>Serotonin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the pituitary gland in the endocrine system?

    <p>Control reactions to stress and influence mood.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cognitive distortion is characterized by seeing random events as meaningful?

    <p>Magical thinking</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is commonly utilized for stabilizing mood in bipolar disorder?

    <p>Lithium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common emotional response seen in individuals with cognitive and perceptual distortions?

    <p>Complete lack of emotional response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characterizes Antisocial Personality Disorder?

    <p>Superficial charm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What side effect is commonly associated with ECT (Electroconvulsive Therapy)?

    <p>Confusion and memory loss</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of rTMS (repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation)?

    <p>To stimulate certain brain areas using magnetic impulses.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Borderline Personality Disorder affect interpersonal relationships?

    <p>Results in splitting perceptions of others</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder are reported to engage in self-harm?

    <p>70-75%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is typically used to alleviate symptoms of anxiety?

    <p>Antianxiety drugs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do neurotransmitters play in the nervous system?

    <p>Transmit impulse messages between neurons.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Histrionic Personality Disorder is characterized by a need for what?

    <p>Attention and approval</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge in treating Antisocial Personality Disorder?

    <p>Patients do not perceive a need for treatment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic behavior of individuals with Histrionic Personality Disorder?

    <p>Erratic mood changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does adjacency in Wiggins circumplex refer to?

    <p>The closeness of traits to each other</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a trait in the Five-Factor Model?

    <p>Intellect</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does high neuroticism typically affect relationships?

    <p>Causes more unstable relationships</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves mixing up pieces of chromosomes?

    <p>Recombination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary aim of behavioral genetics?

    <p>To understand individual differences in personality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term describes the portion of observed variance in individuals that can be attributed to genetic variance?

    <p>Heritability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes environmentality in behavioral genetics?

    <p>It is the proportion of phenotypic variance not due to genetics.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is referred to as 'genetic junk'?

    <p>Non-coding DNA that may have functions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes dissociative identity disorder (DID)?

    <p>Multiple identities taking turns in control of behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT a characteristic of dissociative disorders?

    <p>Ability to access all memories without difficulty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the trauma model, what is a primary factor leading to the development of DID?

    <p>Coping strategies after childhood trauma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the PREVALENCE of dissociative identity disorder in the general population?

    <p>1-6%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which common alter traditionally takes on the role of victim in DID?

    <p>The Child</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of amnesia is characterized by periods of memory loss without the emergence of new identities?

    <p>Dissociative amnesia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common trait of individuals with dissociative identity disorder?

    <p>Presence of PTSD symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the role of the Protector alter in DID?

    <p>Controls switching between different identities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main implication of the equal environment assumption in twin studies?

    <p>Environments of identical twins are not more similar than environments of fraternal twins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of adoption studies, what does a higher correlation between an adopted child and their biological parent suggest?

    <p>A strong genetic influence.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene is most frequently examined in studies related to personality traits?

    <p>DRD4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'genotype-environment interaction' refer to?

    <p>Differential responses of individuals with different genotypes to the same environments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the heritability estimate of 0.53 for smoking imply?

    <p>About 53% of the variability in smoking behaviors can be attributed to genetic factors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following traits shows the highest heritability estimated between 30-70%?

    <p>Homosexuality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of the combination of twin and adoption studies in genetics research?

    <p>This combination offers the most powerful evidence for separating genetic and environmental influences.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The assumption of representativeness in adoption studies suggests which of the following?

    <p>Children, birth parents, and adoptive parents are typical of the broader population.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Health Psychology

    • Health promotion is a philosophy that views health as a personal and collective achievement.
    • Health behavior involves actions taken to improve or maintain health.
    • Factors influencing health behaviors include demographics, cultural values, personal control, social influence, personal goals, and perceived symptoms.
    • Factors influencing health habits include health behavior models, personality predispositions, illness behavior, and major life events.
    • Cognitive factors, like perceived barriers, play a role in health behaviors.
    • Emotions and pleasurable responses can affect health-compromising behaviors.

    Coping Strategies

    • Attributional style involves how a person explains the causes of bad events. Dimensions include internal vs. external, stable vs. unstable, and specific vs. global.
    • Pessimists attribute negative events to internal, stable, and global causes, while optimists attribute such events to external, unstable, and specific causes.
    • Optimistic bias involves expecting a greater number of positive events than negative ones in the future.
    • Self-efficacy refers to a person's belief in their capabilities to organize and execute courses of action required to produce given attainments of a goal.
    • The use of coping mechanisms can contribute to positive emotions, including positive reappraisal, problem-focused coping, and behaviors aimed at creating positive events.

    Emotions and Personality

    • Emotions are complex and involve subjective feelings, bodily changes, cognitions, and action tendencies.

    • Emotional states are temporary, influenced by specific situations, while emotional traits are stable and characteristic of a person.

    • Affect intensity involves the degree to which emotions are experienced.

    • Hostility is a tendency to respond to frustration with anger.

    • Emotions can influence health behaviors.

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    Summary of Personality and Clinical Health Psychology PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores key concepts in health psychology, including health promotion, behavior influences, and coping strategies. It examines how cognitive and emotional factors affect health-related behaviors and individual attributional styles. Test your understanding of these essential psychological principles.

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