Health Psychology and Coping Strategies

Reduced or absent emotional expression, often seen in people with schizophrenia.

Inability to experience pleasure or find enjoyment in activities that were once pleasurable.

Difficulty initiating or persisting in goal-directed activities, like work or personal tasks.

A mixture of schizophrenic symptoms and mood disorder symptoms.

Symptoms that appear before the acute phase of schizophrenia.

A model explaining mental disorders as a combination of vulnerability (diathesis) and stressful life experiences.

The part of the brain responsible for basic life functions like breathing and reflexes.

The part of the brain responsible for relaying sensory information and controlling movement.

The part of the brain responsible for complex thought processes.

Chemicals that act as messengers between neurons in the nervous system.

A system of glands producing hormones that influence mood, energy, and stress.

A major neuroendocrine system controlling reactions to stress and regulating bodily functions.

A branch of genetics that studies the genetic influences on personality and mental health.

The degree to which traits are related, like how close they are on a scale.

The degree to which traits are opposite or negatively correlated, indicating how much they oppose each other.

The degree to which traits are independent of each other, meaning they are not related.

A model of personality describing five core traits: Openness, Conscientiousness, Extraversion, Agreeableness, and Neuroticism.

A commonly used personality assessment tool that measures the five factors of the Five-Factor Model using sentences.

The process of shuffling genetic material during cell division, creating unique combinations of chromosomes in offspring.

The proportion of individual differences in a trait that can be attributed to genetic factors.

A research method that compares the similarity of personality traits between individuals with varying degrees of genetic relatedness, such as siblings, parents, and children.

A research method that compares the similarity of personality traits between identical twins (who share 100% of their genes) and fraternal twins (who share 50% of their genes).

The assumption that identical twins have the same environmental experiences as fraternal twins.

A research method that examines the similarities in personality traits between adopted children and their biological parents (shared genes) and adoptive parents (shared environment).

A situation where adopted children are placed with adoptive parents who share similar characteristics with their biological parents.

The interaction between an individual's genetic makeup and the environment, resulting in different responses to the same environmental factors.

A specific gene, DRD4, which codes for the dopamine receptor and is associated with novelty seeking behavior.

A mental disorder marked by paranoia, suspiciousness, ideas of reference, and other unusual beliefs and behaviors. It is less severe than schizophrenia and individuals with this disorder maintain some contact with reality.

A personality disorder characterized by a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, accompanied by manipulative behaviors, a lack of remorse or guilt, and a superficial charm.

A personality disorder characterized by intense, unstable relationships, impulsive behavior, and emotional instability, often involving self-harm and suicidal thoughts.

A personality disorder characterized by excessive emotionality, attention-seeking behavior, and a need for constant approval. Individuals with this disorder often engage in dramatic, erratic, and volatile behaviors.

A type of cognitive distortion common in Schizotypal Personality Disorder where an individual interprets random events as having personal significance or meaning.

A thought pattern characterized by a belief in supernatural forces or magical thinking, often associated with Schizotypal Personality Disorder. These individuals may attribute events to mystical causes or believe they have special powers.

A cognitive distortion that involves perceiving objects or events that are not actually present. These illusions resemble hallucinations but are less vivid.

A mental phenomenon that splits off different parts of a person's identity, memory, perception, motor control, or consciousness.

A cognitive distortion in Schizotypal Personality Disorder that involves a belief that others are trying to harm or deceive the individual. It is marked by distrust, suspiciousness, and a defensive, paranoid outlook.

A mental disorder characterized by the development of multiple separate personalities or memory loss of a portion of a person's life.

A disorder where a person has multiple identities, or 'alters,' residing within one body.

The distinct personalities within a person with DID.

A common alter in DID that embodies the victim role, allowing the 'host' personality to escape trauma.

A coping strategy for trauma, suggesting that DID develops as a defense mechanism to manage overwhelming experiences.

A model that posits that alters in DID can emerge as a way to explain confusing or inexplicable events in a person's life.

A dissociative disorder characterized by periods of amnesia, but without the development of multiple personalities.