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Questions and Answers
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with hypovolemia?
Which of the following conditions is NOT associated with hypovolemia?
Which of the following laboratory tests is typically included in a CMP (Complete Metabolic Panel)?
Which of the following laboratory tests is typically included in a CMP (Complete Metabolic Panel)?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypervolemia?
Which of the following is a sign or symptom of hypervolemia?
Which of the following conditions is associated with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)?
Which of the following conditions is associated with fluid volume deficit (hypovolemia)?
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What is the normal range for arterial oxygen tension (PoO2)?
What is the normal range for arterial oxygen tension (PoO2)?
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Which condition requires defibrillation as a treatment?
Which condition requires defibrillation as a treatment?
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What is the best indicator of fluid balance in a patient?
What is the best indicator of fluid balance in a patient?
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What are cardiovascular changes an indicator of?
What are cardiovascular changes an indicator of?
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Which condition can lead to asystole?
Which condition can lead to asystole?
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What is the minimum obligatory urine output for maintaining adequate hydration?
What is the minimum obligatory urine output for maintaining adequate hydration?
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What does movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane refer to?
What does movement of water across a semi-permeable membrane refer to?
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What can result from electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia?
What can result from electrolyte imbalances, particularly hypokalemia?
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What is a critical requirement to prevent death related to fluid balance?
What is a critical requirement to prevent death related to fluid balance?
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What is the primary function of aldosterone in fluid balance?
What is the primary function of aldosterone in fluid balance?
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Which of the following is NOT a sign of dehydration?
Which of the following is NOT a sign of dehydration?
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Which IV fluid type would be most appropriate for immediate volume expansion in a patient with severe blood loss?
Which IV fluid type would be most appropriate for immediate volume expansion in a patient with severe blood loss?
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What is the main mechanism of action of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) on fluid balance?
What is the main mechanism of action of Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH) on fluid balance?
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What is the primary function of natriuretic peptides in fluid balance?
What is the primary function of natriuretic peptides in fluid balance?
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A patient presents with a sudden loss of consciousness and is found to have no pulse with no discernable heart rhythm displayed on the cardiac monitor. According to the content, which of the following is the MOST likely intervention?
A patient presents with a sudden loss of consciousness and is found to have no pulse with no discernable heart rhythm displayed on the cardiac monitor. According to the content, which of the following is the MOST likely intervention?
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A patient's weight has increased by 4.4 lbs over the past 2 days. According to the content this corresponds to a fluid retention of approximately:
A patient's weight has increased by 4.4 lbs over the past 2 days. According to the content this corresponds to a fluid retention of approximately:
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Which of the following best describes the primary function of cortisol in the context of stress response?
Which of the following best describes the primary function of cortisol in the context of stress response?
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A patient experiencing significant cardiovascular changes, including rapid heart rate and decreased blood pressure, combined with a reported 3 kilogram weight loss over 3 days might MOST likely be showing symptoms of:
A patient experiencing significant cardiovascular changes, including rapid heart rate and decreased blood pressure, combined with a reported 3 kilogram weight loss over 3 days might MOST likely be showing symptoms of:
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According to the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), what does the body experience as a direct result of being exposed to stress?
According to the General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS), what does the body experience as a direct result of being exposed to stress?
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Which of the following is NOT a potential causative factor listed in the content for asystole?
Which of the following is NOT a potential causative factor listed in the content for asystole?
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A person interprets a normally non-threatening event as a significant challenge. Which term best describes this appraisal?
A person interprets a normally non-threatening event as a significant challenge. Which term best describes this appraisal?
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Which coping strategy is most likely to hinder a person's healthy growth and development when applied long term?
Which coping strategy is most likely to hinder a person's healthy growth and development when applied long term?
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A nurse notices a patient's skin turgor is poor. Based on this finding alone, which is the most likely imbalance the patient is experiencing?
A nurse notices a patient's skin turgor is poor. Based on this finding alone, which is the most likely imbalance the patient is experiencing?
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How would the body’s response to a physiological stress be best characterized?
How would the body’s response to a physiological stress be best characterized?
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A patient's lab values are showing changes in hematocrit and electrolytes in combination with a history of kidney disease. Based on the provided information, which of these is MOST relevant to monitor most closely?
A patient's lab values are showing changes in hematocrit and electrolytes in combination with a history of kidney disease. Based on the provided information, which of these is MOST relevant to monitor most closely?
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Besides weight, what other assessment is MOST relevant to monitor when assessing fluid balance in a patient?
Besides weight, what other assessment is MOST relevant to monitor when assessing fluid balance in a patient?
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According to the content which of these is MOST important to maintain at sufficient levels to avoid death related to fluid imbalance?
According to the content which of these is MOST important to maintain at sufficient levels to avoid death related to fluid imbalance?
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In a patient with hypervolemia due to chronic heart failure, which laboratory finding would be LEAST expected?
In a patient with hypervolemia due to chronic heart failure, which laboratory finding would be LEAST expected?
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A patient with uncontrolled vomiting presents with confusion, decreased skin turgor, and a weak thready pulse. Which of the following electrolyte and fluid balance imbalances is MOST consistent with these findings?
A patient with uncontrolled vomiting presents with confusion, decreased skin turgor, and a weak thready pulse. Which of the following electrolyte and fluid balance imbalances is MOST consistent with these findings?
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Which set of clinical manifestations would be MOST consistent with a patient experiencing fluid volume excess (hypervolemia)?
Which set of clinical manifestations would be MOST consistent with a patient experiencing fluid volume excess (hypervolemia)?
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A patient with chronic renal failure develops hypervolemia. Which of the following laboratory results would be most likely?
A patient with chronic renal failure develops hypervolemia. Which of the following laboratory results would be most likely?
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A patient presents with a PaCO2 of 30 mmHg and a pH of 7.50, which of the following is the appropriate acid-base imbalance?
A patient presents with a PaCO2 of 30 mmHg and a pH of 7.50, which of the following is the appropriate acid-base imbalance?
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Which of the following arterial blood gas values would be most indicative of respiratory acidosis?
Which of the following arterial blood gas values would be most indicative of respiratory acidosis?
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Which of the following would be the LEAST expected finding in a patient with severe dehydration due to diarrhea?
Which of the following would be the LEAST expected finding in a patient with severe dehydration due to diarrhea?
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A patient with severe burns is at high risk for hypovolemia. Which of the following assessment findings would be MOST indicative of this developing complication?
A patient with severe burns is at high risk for hypovolemia. Which of the following assessment findings would be MOST indicative of this developing complication?
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Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST consistent with a patient who has developed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)?
Which of the following clinical findings would be MOST consistent with a patient who has developed syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH)?
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What is the primary mechanism by which antidiuretic hormone (ADH) reduces plasma osmolarity?
What is the primary mechanism by which antidiuretic hormone (ADH) reduces plasma osmolarity?
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A patient is experiencing a significant drop in blood pressure due to severe blood loss. Which type of intravenous (IV) solution would be most appropriate for initial volume expansion?
A patient is experiencing a significant drop in blood pressure due to severe blood loss. Which type of intravenous (IV) solution would be most appropriate for initial volume expansion?
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A patient with Addison's disease is likely to exhibit which set of clinical findings due to the hormonal deficiency?
A patient with Addison's disease is likely to exhibit which set of clinical findings due to the hormonal deficiency?
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Which of the following most accurately describes the action of natriuretic peptides (NP) in fluid balance?
Which of the following most accurately describes the action of natriuretic peptides (NP) in fluid balance?
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A patient has been experiencing severe diarrhea and has become significantly dehydrated. Which of the following would represent the most likely urine output?
A patient has been experiencing severe diarrhea and has become significantly dehydrated. Which of the following would represent the most likely urine output?
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What is the primary purpose of administering Dextran in emergency situations?
What is the primary purpose of administering Dextran in emergency situations?
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A patient is demonstrating rapid, erratic heart activity on an ECG, but also has a very slow heart rate and no P waves. What is the MOST concerning finding?
A patient is demonstrating rapid, erratic heart activity on an ECG, but also has a very slow heart rate and no P waves. What is the MOST concerning finding?
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Which of the following best exemplifies the affective learning domain in a patient care scenario?
Which of the following best exemplifies the affective learning domain in a patient care scenario?
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What best describes the role of plasma proteins in managing osmotic pressure?
What best describes the role of plasma proteins in managing osmotic pressure?
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A nurse is caring for a patient from a different cultural background who demonstrates a dual pattern of identification. What term best describes this patient's situation?
A nurse is caring for a patient from a different cultural background who demonstrates a dual pattern of identification. What term best describes this patient's situation?
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If a patient's insensible water loss is estimated to be 1200 mL/day, what might be a potential cause needing immediate attention?
If a patient's insensible water loss is estimated to be 1200 mL/day, what might be a potential cause needing immediate attention?
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Which situation MOST accurately illustrates 'rule of descent' related to race?
Which situation MOST accurately illustrates 'rule of descent' related to race?
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A patient is experiencing increased insensible water loss. What is a critical nursing intervention that should be implemented?
A patient is experiencing increased insensible water loss. What is a critical nursing intervention that should be implemented?
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What is the expected physiological response to decreased blood pressure, with regards to fluid balance hormones?
What is the expected physiological response to decreased blood pressure, with regards to fluid balance hormones?
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What BEST describes the physiological process of an ECG capturing a waveform?
What BEST describes the physiological process of an ECG capturing a waveform?
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In terms of cultural dynamics, what process is occurring when new immigrants slowly begin to adopt the customs, behaviors and attitudes of the new country?
In terms of cultural dynamics, what process is occurring when new immigrants slowly begin to adopt the customs, behaviors and attitudes of the new country?
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A patient presents with a suspected alteration in fluid balance. If the problem is not corrected what could occur?
A patient presents with a suspected alteration in fluid balance. If the problem is not corrected what could occur?
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A patient in the emergency department has an elevated heart rate of 120 bpm, coupled with signs of dehydration and reports high levels of anxiety . Which term BEST describes this patient's ECG presentation?
A patient in the emergency department has an elevated heart rate of 120 bpm, coupled with signs of dehydration and reports high levels of anxiety . Which term BEST describes this patient's ECG presentation?
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A nurse is about to teach a patient how to use a new piece of medical equipment. Which learning domain is MOST important for the nurse to focus upon?
A nurse is about to teach a patient how to use a new piece of medical equipment. Which learning domain is MOST important for the nurse to focus upon?
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A healthcare provider holds a preconceived, negative attitude about a particular population attributing negative characteristics to all individuals. Which term accurately describes this scenario?
A healthcare provider holds a preconceived, negative attitude about a particular population attributing negative characteristics to all individuals. Which term accurately describes this scenario?
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The belief by an individual that their particular race is superior to another race and that their own character is more developed, best describes what term?
The belief by an individual that their particular race is superior to another race and that their own character is more developed, best describes what term?
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Study Notes
A7 Study Notes - Health-Illness Concepts Across the Lifespan I
- Course: Health-Illness Concepts Across the Lifespan I
- Institution: Florida State College at Jacksonville
- Course Material: Study notes, likely exam content covering stress, coping mechanisms, defense mechanisms, and stress-related disorders.
Exam 1 (Modules 1 & 2)
- Stress: A state of mental/emotional strain, tension causing a stress response. Heavily connected to coping.
- Stressor: Event/stimulus disrupting normalcy.
- Stress Appraisal: Process of interpreting a stressor as a threat or challenge.
- Coping: Actions taken to minimize stress, categorized as problem-focused (long-term solutions) and emotion-focused (managing emotional response).
- Distress: Negative stress
- Eustress: Positive stress
- Physiologic stress: The body's potential harmful reaction to a stimulus.
- Psychological stress: Emotional and cognitive factors related to interpreting threats.
- Sociocultural stress: Societal factors like racism, economic hardships, and political upheaval.
- Cortisol: Main stress hormone. Functions include: decreased serotonin, suppressing the immune system, increasing blood sugar & blood pressure, heightening memory & attention and reducing sensitivity to pain.
- General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS): Physical response to stress
- Types of Coping: Problem-focused, emotion-focused, and meaning-focused.
- Maladaptive Coping: Inaccurate assessment of stressor (denial or avoidance).
- Defense Mechanisms: Unconscious responses to stress and anxiety (e.g., compensation, conversion, denial).
- Stress-related disorders: Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD), Major Depression, Compassion Fatigue. (Cardinal symptoms including: flashbacks, avoidance, altered cognition/mood, altered arousal/activity).
Assessments
- Cultural competence: Essential in patient care.
- Problem-solving ability: Assess patient's ability to solve problems.
- Suicidal ideation/plan: Verbilization of suicidal thought or plan must be taken seriously; do not leave patient alone without supervision.
- Physical signs of stress: Evaluate and monitor all systems for potential physical responses to stress; check for all systems.
Additional Topics (from pages 4 & 5)
- Autonomic Nervous System (ANS): Fight-or-flight response, rest-and-digest response.
- Panic Disorders: Panic attacks, symptoms.
- Types of Phobias: Specific, social, and agoraphobia. General Anxiety Disorder (GAD).
- Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Obsessions and compulsions.
- Culture and Ethnicity: Culture, ethnicity, enculturation, acculturation, assimilation, biculturalism.
- Stereotypes, Prejudice, and Discrimination: Defined.
- Race, Racism, and Bias: Explained
- Stigma: Defined.
Additional Topics (from pages 6-11)
-
Electrocardiograms (ECG): Understanding different rhythms (Sinus tachycardia, sinus bradycardia, atrial flutter, atrial fibrillation, ventricular tachycardia, ventricular fibrillation, asystole). Risk factors for ventricular arrhythmias.
- Specific features and interpretation for each listed rhythm should be added.
- Fluid and Electrolyte imbalances (hypovolemia, hypervolemia): Causes, symptoms, nursing interventions, and monitoring.
- Sodium (Na+): Function, imbalances (hypo/hypernatremia), related issues, and treatment (infusing hypertonic solutions)
- Potassium (K+): Function, imbalances (hypo/hyperkalemia), nursing interventions (avoid IV push, consider rate of infusion).
- Calcium (Ca2+): Function, imbalances (hypo/hypercalcemia), nursing interventions; monitoring for ECG changes, seizure precautions, and fluid restriction.
- Magnesium (Mg2+): Function, imbalances (hypo/hypermagnesemia), nursing interventions including monitoring for cardiac and respiratory functions.
- Chloride (Cl-): Function, imbalances (hypo/hyperchloremia), nursing interventions; focus on electrolyte replacement and monitoring fluid balance.
Additional Topics (from pages 12-13)
- Acid-base imbalances (Respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis): Causes, symptoms, nursing interventions, ABG values (pH, PaCO2, HCO3), Anion gap (4-12 mmol/L) explained for interpretation.
- Nursing Considerations, priorities and vital patient assessments: Ongoing monitoring of vital signs, patient safety, including oxygen saturation and support.
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Description
Prepare for Exam 1 in Health-Illness Concepts Across the Lifespan I with comprehensive study notes covering key topics such as stress, coping mechanisms, and the physiological and psychological aspects of stress. This quiz focuses on the definitions and classifications relevant to stress and coping strategies essential for your success in the course.
