10 Questions
Which era of health science emphasizes individual-centered or patient-centered approach?
Clinical science era
What is the primary goal of health promotion?
To enable people to increase control over their health
Which of the following is NOT a social/cultural factor affecting community health?
Geography
What is the main objective of disease prevention?
To reduce the incidence of diseases
Which era of health science focuses on community-centered approach?
Public health science era
What is the primary focus of the political health science era?
People-centered approach
Which of the following is a physical factor affecting community health?
Geography
What is the main objective of management of factors affecting health?
To reduce the impact of health determinants
What is the World Health Organization's (WHO) definition of health promotion?
Process of enabling people to increase control over their health
Which of the following is NOT one of the three basic aims of community health?
Management of healthcare resources
Study Notes
Health Promotion
- Health promotion is the process of enabling people to increase control over, and to improve, their health, moving beyond individual behavior towards a wide range of social and environmental interventions.
- Three main strategies of health promotion:
- Enabling
- Mediating
- Advocating
- Five key action areas of health promotion:
- Building healthy public policy
- Strengthening community action
- Developing personal skills
- Creating supportive environments
- Reorienting health services
Levels of Disease Prevention
- Primordial prevention: removing risk factors before the onset of a disease
- Primary prevention: taking measures to prevent a disease before it occurs
- Secondary prevention: halting the progress of a disease at its incipient stage and preventing complications
- Tertiary prevention: reducing or limiting impairments and disabilities, and promoting patient adjustment to irremediable conditions
Diabetes Prevention
- Primordial prevention: maintaining a healthy lifestyle to avoid risk factors, such as eating sugary foods, not exercising, being obese or overweight, smoking, and using alcohol
- Primary prevention: changing lifestyle to a healthier one to prevent the development of diabetes
- Secondary prevention: complying with treatment and regular clinic visits to prevent complications
- Tertiary prevention: complying with treatment and regular clinic visits to prevent further progression of complications
Social Determinants of Health
- Social determinants of health: factors affecting health status, including beliefs, traditions, behaviors, economy, politics, religion, socioeconomic status, social norms, community organization, industrial development, community size, environment, and geography
- Management of social determinants of health: involving leaders and community people in planning and implementing health programs
Community Health
- Three basic aims of community health:
- Health promotion
- Disease prevention
- Management of factors affecting health
- Factors affecting community health:
- Social/cultural factors (beliefs, traditions, behaviors, economy, politics, religion, socioeconomic status, social norms, community organization)
- Physical factors (industrial development, community size, environment, geography)
Explore the main strategies and key action areas of health promotion, including disease prevention and healthy public policy.
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