Health Promotion and Disease Prevention
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Questions and Answers

What is a potential cause of noncompliant behavior in patients?

  • A misunderstanding of what is expected (correct)
  • A deliberate choice to ignore guidelines
  • A lack of motivation to engage in treatment
  • The influence of peer pressure

Which requirement emphasizes that patients must receive information they can understand?

  • Insurance policy guidelines
  • Federal financial regulations
  • The Joint Commission standards (correct)
  • Healthcare provider's discretion

Informed consent must be based on what key aspects?

  • The patient's previous knowledge of treatments
  • Understanding of the healthcare provider’s credentials
  • Voluntary agreement and understanding of benefits and risks (correct)
  • Confidentiality agreements with the healthcare provider

What is a common issue with Printed Education Materials (PEMs) regarding their readability?

<p>They are written at grade levels exceeding patient comprehension (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do patients generally read compared to their highest level of schooling?

<p>At least two grades below (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which step is NOT part of developing a healthy public policy?

<p>Create a funding proposal for external partners (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key aspect of creating supportive environments according to the Ottawa Charter?

<p>Improving individual living conditions through equity (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy is primarily focused on empowering communities?

<p>Develop personal skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does reorienting health services NOT emphasize?

<p>Enhancement of curative services (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the goal of strengthening community action in health promotion?

<p>To empower communities in controlling their own health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary focus of secondary prevention strategies in health promotion?

<p>To implement evidence-based screening for early disease detection (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a tertiary prevention strategy?

<p>Interventions designed to reduce complications in individuals with existing diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which principle of health promotion emphasizes the importance of social and economic factors in health outcomes?

<p>A settings perspective (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What was one major contribution of the Ottawa Charter to health promotion?

<p>It initially defined health promotion goals and strategies in a global context (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what way do governments play a role in health promotion program evaluation?

<p>They serve as key stakeholders by evaluating relevance and cost-effectiveness. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which action area focuses specifically on enhancing public policy to improve health?

<p>Building healthy public policy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of primordial prevention in health care?

<p>To implement health policies that target entire populations (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the three components of a primary health care approach?

<p>Empowering communities, addressing social determinants, and providing lifelong health services (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these elements is NOT a key aspect of health promotion?

<p>Disease treatment as a primary focus (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does disease prevention differ from health promotion?

<p>Disease prevention is reactive, while health promotion is proactive in mitigating risk factors. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Health Promotion

The process of enabling people to increase control over and improve their health, going beyond individual behavior and encompassing social and environmental interventions.

Disease Prevention

A procedure to prevent a disease in individuals at risk, often starting before symptoms appear, using interventions like population-based measures or individual treatments.

Primary Prevention

Primary prevention focuses on stopping the disease itself from happening in the first place. It involves actions to improve health through social and economic factors, providing information, and taking measures to decrease risks.

Primordial Prevention

Primordial prevention targets an entire population by influencing social and environmental factors. It usually gets implemented through laws and national policies.

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Primary Health Care

A primary health care approach that emphasizes meeting people's health needs throughout their lives. It includes physical, mental, and social well-being, and considers income, housing, education, and the environment as vital factors influencing health.

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Readability of PEMs

Printed educational materials that are too difficult to read or understand can create communication problems between patients and healthcare providers.

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Joint Commission Requirement

The Joint Commission requires healthcare providers to give patients information they can understand.

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Patient's Bill of Rights

The Patient's Bill of Rights states that patients have the right to receive clear and understandable information.

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Informed Consent

Informed consent must be based on understanding the benefits and risks of treatment or procedures, and this implies clear communication.

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Liability for Communication

Healthcare professionals are responsible for using language that patients can understand. Not doing so can lead to legal and ethical issues.

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Secondary Prevention

Focuses on early detection of diseases or preventing birth defects. It aims to improve health outcomes by intervening before severe symptoms develop. Examples include screening programs and early medications.

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Tertiary Prevention

Aims to reduce complications from existing diseases. It involves managing disease after diagnosis to slow or prevent further damage. Examples include physiotherapy after an injury or managing diabetes with medication.

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5 Principles of Health Promotion

The five principles of health promotion are: Broad and positive health concept, Participation and involvement, Action and action competence, A settings perspective, Equity in health. These principles guide the development and implementation of effective health promotion programs.

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Build healthy public policy

Creating laws and policies that promote health, such as smoke-free zones, mandatory seatbelts, and healthy food choices.

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Create supportive environments

Providing people with the resources and environment they need to be healthy, like safe playgrounds, healthy food access, and clean water.

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Strengthen community action

Involving communities in making decisions about their health, empowering them to take charge of their well-being.

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Develop personal skills

Helping people develop the skills and knowledge they need to make healthy choices, such as nutrition education, stress management, and physical activity.

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Reorient health services

Shifting healthcare from just treating illness to focusing on preventing illness and promoting wellness.

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Study Notes

Health Promotion

  • A process of enabling people to control and improve their health, moving beyond individual behavior to encompass social and environmental interventions.
  • Seeks to change individual, socioeconomic, sociocultural, and environmental determinants of health.
  • Three key elements: government, citizens with health literacy, and healthy communities (cities, towns, suburbs).

Action Areas

  • Building healthy public policy
  • Creating supportive environments
  • Strengthening community action
  • Developing personal skills
  • Reorienting health services

3 P's of Public Health

  • Prevention: Preventing disease
  • Promotion: Promoting wellness
  • Protection: Protecting health

Disease Prevention

  • A procedure to prevent a disease from occurring, treating individuals with risk factors either before or shortly after signs and symptoms appear.
  • Consists of population-based and individual-based interventions for primary and secondary disease prevention (early detection) to minimize disease burden and associated risks.

4 Types of Health Care and Disease Prevention

  • Primordial: Risk factor reduction focused on social and environmental conditions.
  • Primary: Avoiding the development of a disease (risk factor reduction).
  • Secondary: Early disease detection and treatment.
  • Tertiary: Reducing complications of existing diseases.

Healthy Habits

  • Handle and prepare food safely
  • Wash hands often
  • Clean and disinfect commonly used surfaces
  • Cough and sneeze into a tissue
  • Don't share personal items
  • Get vaccinated
  • Avoid touching wild animals
  • Stay home when sick

Health Promotion Origins

  • First discussed in 1945 by Sigerist.
  • Defined as promoting health, preventing illness, restoring the sick, and rehabilitating them.
  • Initiated with the Ottawa Charter in 1986.
  • Strongly influenced by social, economic, and political factors external to the health sector.

Program Evaluation

  • Assesses program success through outcomes, cost-benefit ratios, and relevance.
  • Governments are key stakeholders in health promotion.

Five Principles of Health Promotion

  • A broad and positive health concept
  • Participation and involvement
  • Action and competence
  • A perspective on health in a setting (community)
  • Ensuring equity in health

5 Ottawa Charter Strategies

  • Build healthy public policy
  • Create supportive environments
  • Strengthen community action
  • Develop personal skills
  • Reorient health services

Health Literacy

  • Ability to access, understand, evaluate, and use health information to promote and maintain health.
  • Promotes people's ability to make informed decisions for their health.

Health Equity

  • Enables all people to reach their full health potential, free from social, economic, and environmental disadvantages, which reduces inequalities.

Health Inequities

  • Differences in health burdens for specific groups resulting from societal choices, preventable, unfair, and unjust conditions.
  • Often linked to social, economic, and environmental conditions, and imbalanced power relations that disadvantage those already in disadvantageous circumstances.

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Description

This quiz explores the principles of health promotion and disease prevention. It covers key concepts such as government roles, community involvement, and personal health skills. Test your understanding of the action areas and the 3 P's of public health.

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