Health Promotion Models and Theories Quiz

Health Promotion, Health Communication, Literacy & Social Media in Community Health Nursing

• Health promotion is a strategy to empower people to improve their health by increasing control over health determinants. This was stated in the Ottawa Charter, 1986.
• Topics for a week 3 class include different approaches to health promotion, health promotion models, theories and frameworks, health promotion strategies (and their use), health promotion skills for community health nurses, health literacy, designing health communication messaging, and misinformation/disinformation.
• There are three levels of disease prevention: primary (before the disease begins), secondary (early identification & treatment after the disease has begun but before it is symptomatic), and tertiary (intervention to prevent sequelae after a disease or injury is established). Examples include encouraging exercise and healthy eating, checking body mass index (BMI), and helping obese individuals lose weight.
• Several health promotion approaches exist: biomedical, behavioural, and socioenvironmental.

Thrive Event

• The Thrive event is taking place between January 20-24, 2025.
• Visit lakeheadu.ca/thrive for more information.

Additional Topics

• Health promotion models and frameworks aid in understanding health behaviors and behavior change, focusing on individuals and/or communities.
• The PRECEDE-PROCEED Model has several phases to assess, plan, implement, evaluate, and measure health outcomes, including epidemiological, behavioral & environmental, and social assessment phases.
• A social ecological model considers health through the interaction of various factors and levels, including public policy, community, organizational, interpersonal, and individual levels.
• Community mobilization includes social planning, locality development, and social action.
• Health promotion strategies include strengthening community action, building healthy public policy, creating supportive environments, developing personal skills, and reorienting health services.

Health Promotion Models & Theories

• The Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change) describes various stages (precontemplation, contemplation, preparation for action, taking action, maintenance & termination).
• The Theory of Planned Behavior identifies the connection between attitudes, subjective norms, perceived control, intention, and behavior.
• The Diffusion of Innovation Theory describes the adoption of new ideas, products, and technologies within populations, including innovators, early adopters, early majority, late majority, and laggards.

Health Communication & Social Marketing

• Health communication is the process of disseminating health messages through mass media, interpersonal channels, and events.
• Social marketing uses marketing principles to influence audiences to accept, reject, modify, or abandon behaviors for the benefit of individuals, groups, and society. Concepts like the 4 Ps (Product, Price, Place, Promotion) are integral to effective social marketing campaigns.
• Social media is increasingly relevant for health communication, offering a rapid way to message a wide population. Benefits include increased reach, engagement, and access to science-based health messages.
• Considerations for health communication include: focusing on action words, using clear language, being concrete, and keeping messages concise. The use of plain language is a central aspect of creating health communications designed for individuals and for broader community awareness.

Health Literacy & Determinants of Health

• Health literacy is the ability to access, comprehend, evaluate, and communicate health information to promote health.
• Low literacy impacts health outcomes, including reduced access to health care, decreased health behaviors, poorer health outcomes, and increased health disparities.
• Health disparities and factors affecting literacy are often not considered in health promotion.
• Community-based initiatives, focusing on collaborative learning and social support, are vital for promoting critical health literacy in older adults

Infodemic Management

• The explosive increase in health-related information, including misinformation and disinformation, is known as an infodemic.
• Infodemics affect individuals, families, communities, and the health system.
• Strategies include fact-checking, proactive communication to address information voids, promoting reliable sources, engagement with community health leaders, accessible health worker resources, the development of appropriate materials, and active dissemination to address misinformation/disinformation.

Activities Facilitating Health Promotion Strategies

• Working with focus groups (of 6-12 stakeholders).
• Preparing funding applications.
• Planning and implementing programs.
• Developing health promotion capacity.

Practice and Scenarios

• A practical application of health promotion principles is exemplified by a community program tasked with developing strategies for improving heart health, focusing on primary, secondary, and tertiary prevention.
• Health promotion strategies for improving physical activity and nutrition in elementary schools are outlined, emphasizing the significance of community action, public policy development, supportive environments, personal skills development, and re-orientation of health services. Potential intersectoral partners are discussed.