Health Promotion in Aotearoa New Zealand
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Health Promotion in Aotearoa New Zealand

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Questions and Answers

What do the social determinants of health encompass?

  • A combination of various personal, social, economic, and environmental factors (correct)
  • Only environmental factors affecting population health
  • Only economic factors affecting health outcomes
  • Purely personal choices made by individuals

    • Which of the following is NOT one of the overreaching recommendations from the CSDH?

  • Tackle the unequal distribution of power, money, and resources
  • Measure and understand the problem and assess the impact of action
  • Encourage unhealthy lifestyle choices (correct)
  • Improve daily living conditions

    • What is meant by the term 'social gradient in health'?

  • It refers to the equal access to healthcare for all income levels
  • It indicates that health outcomes improve linearly with socioeconomic status
  • It shows that health inequalities affect everyone, regardless of social position (correct)
  • It suggests that only low-income individuals experience health issues

    • How should we approach the communication of social determinants of health to the public?

    <p>Employ language that resonates with laypeople and is easily accessible</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be prioritized to address health inequalities effectively?

    <p>Examining the distribution of resources and advocating for policy changes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Māori concept of hauora encompass?

    <p>A holistic view of health including physical, mental, spiritual, and environmental aspects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the upstream-downstream concept, what does the 'upstream' approach focus on?

    <p>Root causes of health issues like social and economic factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the first step in the health promotion planning and evaluation cycle?

    <p>Needs Assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why is whakawhanaungatanga important in health promotion?

    <p>It fosters cultural appropriateness and community-driven initiatives.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one advantage of a community development approach in health?

    <p>It empowers the community to take ownership of their health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the upstream-downstream model demonstrate influence flow?

    <p>Upstream determinants influence conditions at lower levels.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a disadvantage of a community development approach?

    <p>It may require significant time and resource investment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does goal setting play in health promotion planning?

    <p>It defines clear objectives for the promotion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main advantage of a community development approach in health promotion?

    <p>It empowers the community to take ownership of their health.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which disadvantage is associated with community development in health promotion?

    <p>It is expensive and time-consuming.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can health equity be effectively integrated into health promotion planning?

    <p>By prioritizing interventions for disadvantaged populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the Health Belief Model (HBM) emphasize in promoting health behaviors?

    <p>The perception of health threats and self-efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ethical principle ensures equitable access to health resources in health promotion?

    <p>Justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the social gradient in health refer to?

    <p>The relationship between socioeconomic position and health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the integration of health equity in health promotion?

    <p>It applies only to low-income individuals.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does trust play in the health promotion process?

    <p>It fosters engagement and a sense of purpose.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Health Promotion in Aotearoa New Zealand

    • Hauora is a Māori concept that emphasizes a holistic view of health, represented by four key dimensions: physical, mental, spiritual, and family wellbeing.
    • The upstream-downstream concept in health promotion highlights the different levels of intervention. Upstream interventions target the root causes of health issues (e.g., social, economic, and environmental factors), whereas downstream interventions address the problems after they arise.

    Health Promotion Planning and Evaluation

    • The health promotion planning and evaluation cycle comprises five stages:
      • Needs assessment
      • Goal setting
      • Planning
      • Implementation
      • Evaluation
    • It helps ensure that interventions address the specific health needs of the community and are effective in achieving their goals.

    Importance of Relationships in Health Promotion

    • Whakawhanaungatanga (building relationships) is crucial in health promotion, especially in Māori and Pacific communities, because it fosters trust, engagement, and collaboration, enhancing the effectiveness of health initiatives.

    Community Development Approach in Health Promotion

    • Advantages:
      • Empowers communities to take ownership of their health.
      • Tailors interventions to specific local needs.
      • Enhances community capacity and social cohesion.
    • Disadvantages:
      • Requires significant time and resources.
      • Outcomes may be difficult to measure.
      • Community priorities may conflict with public health goals.

    Health Equity in Health Promotion

    • Incorporating health equity in planning ensures everyone has a fair opportunity to achieve their highest level of health. It involves:
      • Prioritizing interventions for disadvantaged groups.
      • Reducing barriers to accessing health services.
      • Tailoring messages to be culturally relevant.

    Behavior Change Theory in Health Promotion

    • The Health Belief Model (HBM) posits that people are more likely to engage in healthy behaviors if they perceive a health threat, believe the benefits outweigh the barriers, and feel confident in their ability to take action.

    Ethical Principles of Health Promotion

    • Autonomy: Respecting individuals' right to make informed decisions about their health.
    • Beneficence: Acting in the best interests of individuals and communities.
    • Justice: Ensuring fair and equitable access to health resources.
    • Non-maleficence: Avoiding harm in the course of promoting health.

    Social Gradient in Health

    • The social gradient in health indicates that the poorest individuals have the worst health compared to those higher on the socioeconomic spectrum.
    • This global phenomenon is seen across different income levels, reflecting that health inequalities affect everyone.

    Determinants of Health

    • The determinants of health are a range of factors that influence the health status of individuals and populations.
    • Social determinants of health include the conditions in which people are born, grow up, live, work, and age, shaped by broader economic, social, and political forces.
    • The Commission on Social Determinants of Health (CSDH) recommends improving daily living conditions, tackling the unequal distribution of resources, and systematically measuring and understanding the problem to address health inequalities.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of health promotion in Aotearoa, including the Māori concept of Hauora and the upstream-downstream model. Learn about the health promotion planning and evaluation cycle, emphasizing the importance of community needs and relationships in effective health interventions.

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