FINAL ASEAN EXAM
80 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the trend of immunization rates in the country from 2013 to 2018?

  • Increased from 88% in 2013 to over 90% in 2018
  • Increased from 70% in 2013 to over 88% in 2018
  • Remained stable at around 88% from 2013 to 2018
  • Declined from 88% in 2013 to less than 70% in 2018 (correct)

    • According to the World Bank data, what is the indicator used to measure health outcomes?

  • Healthcare Expenditure, Total (Percentage of GDP)
  • Life Expectancy at Birth, Total (Years) (correct)
  • Mortality Rate at Birth, Total (Years)
  • Healthcare Workforce, Total (Number of Workers)

    • Which of the following is a potential factor contributing to declining immunization rates?

  • Increased healthcare access in rural areas
  • Improved healthcare infrastructure
  • Increased healthcare expenditure by the government
  • Decreased socioeconomic status of marginalized groups (correct)

    • What is a potential geographic health disparity in Southeast Asia?

    <p>Urban areas have better healthcare access than rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential racial health disparity in Southeast Asia?

    <p>Majority ethnic groups have better healthcare access than minority groups</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential healthcare access issue for marginalized groups in Southeast Asia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential health inequity in Southeast Asia?

    <p>Richer countries have better health outcomes than poorer countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential socioeconomic health disparity in Southeast Asia?

    <p>Poorer individuals have worse health outcomes than wealthier individuals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential healthcare access issue in Southeast Asia?

    <p>All of the above</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential health outcome disparity in Southeast Asia?

    <p>Urban areas have better health outcomes than rural areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary limitation to ASEAN's cooperation for health?

    <p>Lack of economic commitment and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of ASEAN's health policy approach?

    <p>To organize a learning process to promote exchange of experiences and best practices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of the ASEAN Way in health governance?

    <p>Non-interference in the internal affairs of member countries</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge to ASEAN's coordination with the World Health Organization (WHO)?

    <p>Structural split between WHO's regional offices</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ASEAN's health sector policies?

    <p>Health system stewardship and oversight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of ASEAN's health governance approach?

    <p>Consensus-based decision-making</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a challenge to implementing ASEAN's health priorities?

    <p>Lack of economic commitment and resources</p> Signup and view all the answers

    According to the WHO (2007), what is the primary intent of a health system?

    <p>To promote, restore or maintain health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of stewardship in a health system according to Figueras and McKee (2012)?

    <p>To influence health impact of interventions in other sectors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of good health services according to the World Health Organization?

    <p>Delivering effective, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key component of a health system according to Figueras and McKee (2012)?

    <p>The delivery of health services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of a health system in relation to health inequities?

    <p>A health system is an intermediate social determinant of health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the original objective of the health system framework according to WHO?

    <p>To promote common understanding and address new challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the three interrelated functions of a good health financing system?

    <p>Collection of revenues, pooling of pre-paid revenues, and purchasing of services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of health system stewardship?

    <p>Developing policies and regulations to govern the health system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key objective of a good health financing system?

    <p>To protect people from financial catastrophe or impoverishment associated with health care expenditures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of health system governance?

    <p>Strong leadership and coalition-building to prioritize health goals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of health system financing?

    <p>Pre-payment and risk pooling to ensure financial protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of a well-performing health workforce?

    <p>Competent, responsive, and productive staff with fair distribution</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of health system management?

    <p>Managing health workforce development and capacity-building</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of a well-functioning health information system?

    <p>Producing reliable and timely information on health determinants, health systems performance, and health status</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a priority for ensuring access to medical products, vaccines, and technologies?

    <p>Ensuring equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines, and technologies of assured quality, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of health service delivery?

    <p>Delivering services in the home, community, workplace, or health facilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a priority for health workforce management?

    <p>Developing national workforce policies and investment plans, advocating for norms, standards, and data</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of health system stewardship?

    <p>Prioritizing packages, delivery models, infrastructure, management, safety, and quality</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the ASEAN Community?

    <p>To achieve regional peace and stability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the ASEAN Economic Community?

    <p>To enhance connectivity and sectoral cooperation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy for promoting healthcare development in the ASEAN region?

    <p>Promoting the development of a strong healthcare industry</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of ASEAN's health policy approach?

    <p>Promoting a comprehensive approach to security and external relations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key objective of ASEAN's healthcare sector policies?

    <p>To contribute to better healthcare facilities, products, and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy for promoting healthcare development in the ASEAN region?

    <p>Harmonizing standards and conformance in healthcare products and services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of ASEAN's health governance approach?

    <p>Promoting strong health insurance systems in the region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key strategy for promoting healthcare development in the ASEAN region?

    <p>Promoting sectors with high-growth potential such as health tourism and e-healthcare services</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community?

    <p>To improve the welfare and well-being of its people</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant demographic shift facing ASEAN?

    <p>Aging population</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge facing ASEAN's health development?

    <p>Diverse regulatory capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of the ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda?

    <p>Strengthening health systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant challenge facing ASEAN?

    <p>Sovereignty of member states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key priority for ASEAN's health sector policies?

    <p>Improving health outcomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key aspect of ASEAN's health governance approach?

    <p>Strengthening health systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key challenge to implementing ASEAN's health priorities?

    <p>Diverse regulatory capabilities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the ASEAN Sustainable Cities initiative?

    <p>To promote sustainable urban development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the Post-2015 Health Development Agenda?

    <p>To reduce health inequities in ASEAN member states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)?

    <p>To promote economic integration among ASEAN member states</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key principle of the ASEAN Way in health governance?

    <p>Respect for national sovereignty</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)?

    <p>To enhance social and cultural development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC)?

    <p>To strengthen regional security</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the ASEAN 2025 vision?

    <p>To forge a shared ASEAN identity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary challenge to ASEAN's cooperation for health?

    <p>Diverse health systems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of ASEAN's health sector policies?

    <p>To enhance health equity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care?

    <p>To provide the ASEAN Community with universal access to safe, affordable, quality, holistic health care and essential medical supplies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health priority is aligned with the goal of promoting access to safe food?

    <p>Food safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the AHC 2: Regional Health Governance and Health System Strengthening?

    <p>Strengthening laboratory capacity and combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the vision of the ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda (APHDA) 2021-2025?

    <p>A Healthy, Caring, and Sustainable ASEAN Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the AHC 1: Promoting Health and Preventing Disease?

    <p>Prevention and control of communicable diseases, emerging infectious diseases, and neglected tropical diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following Health Clusters is focused on promoting healthy lifestyles?

    <p>AHC 1: Promoting healthy lifestyles</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the Health Priority 'Traditional & Complementary Medicine'?

    <p>To promote access to safe and affordable traditional and complementary medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care?

    <p>To strengthen health systems and access to care for all</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the AHC 4: Ensuring Food Safety?

    <p>To promote access to safe food and strengthen food safety risk analysis in ASEAN.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the Health Priority 'Reproductive, Maternal, Neonatal, and Child Health'?

    <p>To improve reproductive, maternal, neonatal, and child health outcomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of the Cluster Goals under AHC 2: Responding to All Hazards and Emerging Threats?

    <p>Responding to communicable diseases and emerging threats</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Health Priority 'Pharmaceutical development'?

    <p>To promote access to safe and affordable medicine.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the Health Priorities under AHC 1: Promoting healthy lifestyles?

    <p>To promote healthy lives and well-being for all at all ages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a Health Priority under AHC 1: Promoting healthy lifestyles?

    <p>Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary objective of the Health Priority 'Migrants' health'?

    <p>To improve health outcomes for migrant populations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care in relation to vulnerable populations?

    <p>To promote health care delivery to women, children, and migrant workers.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of AHC 4: Ensuring Food Safety?

    <p>Ensuring food safety and healthy diet</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of the ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda (APHDA) 2021-2025?

    <p>To ensure a healthy, caring, and sustainable ASEAN Community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key strategy for promoting healthcare development in the ASEAN region?

    <p>Strengthening health systems and access to care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main objective of the ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community?

    <p>To promote social welfare and social justice</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Health Inequities

    • Health inequities arise from patterns of social stratification, resulting in the unequal distribution of power, prestige, and resources among social groups.
    • They are characterized by the systematic and unjust distribution of social, economic, and environmental conditions necessary for good health.
    • Examples of such unequal distribution include:
      • Access to quality education, healthcare, housing, transportation, and other resources.
      • Employment opportunities and pay/income.
      • Discrimination based on social status and other factors.

    Health Disparities

    • Health disparities refer to the differences in the incidence and prevalence of health conditions and health status between groups, based on factors such as:
      • Race/ethnicity
      • Socioeconomic status
      • Sexual orientation
      • Gender
      • Disability status
      • Geographic location
      • Combinations of these factors

    Health Development Index and Life Expectancy

    • Comparing Health Development Index (HDI) and Life Expectancy at Birth reveals disparities in health outcomes.
    • The Philippines lags behind its ASEAN neighbors in terms of health outcomes.

    Mortality Rates and NCDs

    • Mortality rates of selected diseases are higher in the Philippines compared to Vietnam and Indonesia.
    • Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) are on the rise, even as some infectious diseases are declining.

    Health Sector and Economy

    • The Philippine economy and public health sector have grown significantly in the last decade.
    • However, chronic inequalities in health remain entrenched.

    Human Resource for Health (HRH)

    • The number of HRH professionals has been maldistributed and in shortage.
    • This shortage affects the quality of healthcare in the Philippines.

    Health Inequities and Decentralization

    • Decentralization has fragmented the health system, leading to central-local tensions.
    • Health inequities persist, with life expectancy at birth and infant mortality rates varying greatly across regions.

    Opportunities for Reforms

    • There are opportunities for reforms in the Philippine healthcare system, including addressing health inequities and improving health outcomes.
    • Life expectancy at birth, total (years) is a key indicator of health outcomes.

    Health Financing

    • A good health financing system raises adequate funds for health, ensures people can use needed services, and protects from financial catastrophe or impoverishment.
    • Three interrelated functions: collecting revenues, pooling pre-paid revenues, and purchasing interventions.
    • Priorities: national health financing policies, tools and data on health expenditures, and costing.

    Leadership/Governance/Stewardship

    • Involves ensuring strategic policy frameworks, effective oversight, coalition-building, regulation, system design, and accountability.
    • Building blocks of the health system: organizations, institutions, and resources devoted to producing health actions.

    Health System

    • WHO (2000): Health systems comprise all organizations, institutions, and resources that produce health actions.
    • WHO (2007): Health systems include promoting, restoring, or maintaining health, and compensating for permanent disabilities.
    • Figueras and McKee (2012): A health system includes delivery of health services, activities to enable delivery, and stewardship activities aimed at influencing health impact.

    Service Delivery

    • Good health services deliver effective, safe, quality personal and non-personal health interventions to those who need them, when and where needed, with minimum waste of resources.
    • Services may be delivered in the home, community, workplace, or health facilities.
    • Priorities: packages, delivery models, infrastructure, management, safety, and quality.

    Health Workforce

    • A well-performing health workforce is responsive, fair, and efficient to achieve the best health outcomes possible.
    • Health workers are all people engaged in actions to protect and improve health.
    • Priorities: national workforce policies, investment plans, advocacy, norms, standards, and data.

    Health Information

    • A well-functioning health information system produces, analyzes, disseminates, and uses reliable and timely information on health determinants, system performance, and health status.
    • Three domains: health determinants, health systems performance, and health status.
    • Priorities: facility and population-based information, surveillance systems, and global standards.

    Medical Products, Vaccines and Technologies

    • A well-functioning health system ensures equitable access to essential medical products, vaccines, and technologies of assured quality, safety, efficacy, and cost-effectiveness.
    • Priorities: health sector policies, harmonization, alignment, oversight, and regulation.

    ASEAN – a regional body for health governance

    • ASEAN Way: consensus-based decision-making, non-interference in internal affairs, sovereignty, and respect for independence and national identity.
    • Challenges: lack of economic commitment, limited data collection and analysis, and coordination with WHO.
    • Objectives: promote exchange of experiences and best practices, not to prescribe uniform rules or deliver policy outcomes.

    ASEAN Overview

    • Founded on August 8, 1967, by Indonesia, Malaysia, the Philippines, Singapore, and Thailand
    • Enlarged to include Brunei Darussalam (1984), Viet Nam (1995), Lao PDR and Myanmar (1997), and Cambodia (1999)
    • The ASEAN Charter was established on December 15, 2008
    • Ultimate goal: The ASEAN Community in 2015

    The Three Pillars of ASEAN

    • ASEAN Political-Security Community (APSC)
    • ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)
    • ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)

    ASEAN Economic Community (AEC)

    • Blueprint 2025
    • Enhanced connectivity and sectoral cooperation
    • Priority areas: healthcare, education, and infrastructure development

    ASEAN Health Care

    • Promote a strong healthcare industry for better healthcare facilities, products, and services
    • Strategic measures:
      • Private healthcare market and public-private partnership (PPP) in universal healthcare
      • Harmonization of standards and conformance in healthcare products and services
      • Promote high-growth potential sectors like health tourism and e-healthcare services
      • Strong health insurance systems in the region
      • Facilitate mobility of healthcare professionals in the region
      • Development of ASEAN regulatory framework on traditional medicines and health supplements
      • Healthcare product directives to facilitate trade in healthcare products

    ASEAN Socio-Cultural Community (ASCC)

    • Blueprint 2025
    • Committed to lifting the quality of life of its people by putting their welfare and well-being at the heart of its activities
    • ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda (2016-2020)

    Challenges Facing ASEAN

    • Sovereignty of member states
    • Economic diversity
    • Varying regulatory capabilities
    • Demographic shift: transition to an ageing population

    ASEAN Demographic Shift

    • Proportion of population by various age groups
    • Percentage by various age groups
    • Top three challenges facing ASEAN: sovereignty, economic diversity, and varying regulatory capabilities

    ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda (APHDA) 2021-2025

    • The APHDA vision is to establish a healthy, caring, and sustainable ASEAN community.

    Mission

    • The mission is to ensure a healthy, caring, and sustainable ASEAN community by promoting healthy lifestyles, responding to all hazards and emerging threats, strengthening health systems and access to care, and ensuring food safety.

    Health Clusters

    • The APHDA is divided into four health clusters: AHC 1, AHC 2, AHC 3, and AHC 4.

    AHC 1: Promoting Healthy Lifestyles

    • Cluster goals: achieve health potential, ensure healthy lives, and promote well-being for all at all ages.
    • Health priorities:
      • Prevention and control of non-communicable diseases
      • Reduction of tobacco consumption and harmful use of alcohol
      • Prevention of injuries
      • Promotion of occupational health
      • Promotion of mental health
      • Promotion of healthy and active aging
      • Promotion of good nutrition and healthy diet

    AHC 2: Responding to All Hazards and Emerging Threats

    • Cluster goals:
      • Promote resilient health system in response to communicable diseases, emerging infectious diseases, neglected tropical diseases, and zoonotic diseases
      • Enhance regional preparedness and response to public health emergencies and ensure effective disaster health management
      • Prepare and respond to environmental health threats and other hazards, including climate change
    • Health priorities:
      • Prevention and control of communicable diseases, emerging infectious diseases, neglected tropical diseases, and zoonotic diseases
      • Regional preparedness and response to public health emergencies
      • Strengthening laboratory capacity
      • Combating antimicrobial resistance (AMR)
      • Environmental health, health impact assessment (HIA), and health impact of climate change
      • Disaster health management

    AHC 3: Strengthening Health System and Access to Care

    • Cluster goals:
      • Provide universal access to safe, affordable, quality, holistic health care and essential medical supplies, including traditional and complementary medicines
      • Advance health care deliveries by adapting and working towards innovation and digital health technology
      • Promote health care delivery to vulnerable populations, such as women, children, and migrant workers
    • Health priorities:
      • Traditional and complementary medicine
      • Reproductive, maternal, neonatal, and child health
      • Universal health coverage, including health financing and health service delivery
      • Migrants’ health
      • Pharmaceutical development
      • Human resources for health
      • Digital health and health information system

    AHC 4: Ensuring Food Safety

    • Cluster goals:
      • Promote access to safe food
      • Strengthen food safety risk analysis in ASEAN
    • Health priority: food safety

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Building Blocks of the Health System 2024 PDF
    Comparative Health Policies – SEAS 103i Lecture 3 PDF
    Lecture 1_20240606 PDF
    ASEAN Post-2015 Health Development Agenda (APHDA) 2021-2025 PDF

    Description

    This quiz covers the concept of health inequities, as defined by the World Health Organization, and their relation to social stratification, unequal distribution of resources, and access to education, healthcare, and other essential services.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser