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Questions and Answers
What is the definition of health according to the World Health Organization?
What is the definition of health according to the World Health Organization?
- Complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing (correct)
- The ability to lead a productive life
- A reflection of the state of health in a community
- The absence of disease or infirmity
What is the purpose of using indicators to measure health status?
What is the purpose of using indicators to measure health status?
- To reflect the state of health in a community
- To indicate illness or lack of health
- To measure the extent of achieving program objectives (correct)
- To measure economic, occupation, and domestic factors promoting ill health
What does an indicator help to measure?
What does an indicator help to measure?
- Economic, occupation, and domestic factors promoting ill health
- Consequences of ill-health
- Complete physical, mental, and social wellbeing
- Extent of achieving program objectives (correct)
What are indicators also known as?
What are indicators also known as?
What do health status indicators measure?
What do health status indicators measure?
What is the main characteristic of an indicator?
What is the main characteristic of an indicator?
According to the text, how is health defined?
According to the text, how is health defined?
How is health measured according to the text?
How is health measured according to the text?
'Indicator' is susceptible to what kind of measurement?
'Indicator' is susceptible to what kind of measurement?
'Indicators' help to measure what regarding program objectives?
'Indicators' help to measure what regarding program objectives?
What is another term for 'Indicator'?
What is another term for 'Indicator'?
What does Sullivan’s Index measure?
What does Sullivan’s Index measure?
What are the anthropometric measurements of pre-school children used for?
What are the anthropometric measurements of pre-school children used for?
What is the WHO Joint Learning Initiative's threshold for health workers per 10,000 population?
What is the WHO Joint Learning Initiative's threshold for health workers per 10,000 population?
What do healthcare utilization indicators reflect?
What do healthcare utilization indicators reflect?
What do indicators of social and mental health provide a guide for?
What do indicators of social and mental health provide a guide for?
What does the household crowding index measure?
What does the household crowding index measure?
What do environmental indicators reflect?
What do environmental indicators reflect?
What does the Physical Quality of Life Index consolidate?
What does the Physical Quality of Life Index consolidate?
What dimensions are represented by the Human Development Index?
What dimensions are represented by the Human Development Index?
What is the single most important indicator of political commitment in health policy?
What is the single most important indicator of political commitment in health policy?
What are indicators used for in measuring health?
What are indicators used for in measuring health?
What does the use of multiple indicators arranged in profiles or patterns allow for?
What does the use of multiple indicators arranged in profiles or patterns allow for?
What is the definition of crude mortality rate (CDR)?
What is the definition of crude mortality rate (CDR)?
What is the definition of mid-year population?
What is the definition of mid-year population?
What does the infant mortality rate measure?
What does the infant mortality rate measure?
What does the under-5 mortality rate reflect?
What does the under-5 mortality rate reflect?
What is the definition of perinatal mortality rate?
What is the definition of perinatal mortality rate?
What does the cause-specific mortality rate measure?
What does the cause-specific mortality rate measure?
What do morbidity indicators reveal?
What do morbidity indicators reveal?
What is the definition of incidence in terms of morbidity indicators?
What is the definition of incidence in terms of morbidity indicators?
What does prevalence measure in terms of morbidity indicators?
What does prevalence measure in terms of morbidity indicators?
'Notification rates' for morbidity indicators are calculated from:
'Notification rates' for morbidity indicators are calculated from:
What is an indicator in the context of health?
What is an indicator in the context of health?
What is the main characteristic of a health indicator?
What is the main characteristic of a health indicator?
What do indicators help to measure?
What do indicators help to measure?
What do health status indicators measure?
What do health status indicators measure?
What does the under-5 mortality rate reflect?
What does the under-5 mortality rate reflect?
What does the concept of health, as defined by the World Health Organization, include?
What does the concept of health, as defined by the World Health Organization, include?
What does an indicator reflect in the context of health?
What does an indicator reflect in the context of health?
What does the infant mortality rate measure?
What does the infant mortality rate measure?
What does the use of multiple indicators arranged in profiles or patterns allow for?
What does the use of multiple indicators arranged in profiles or patterns allow for?
What is an index or variable called in the context of health?
What is an index or variable called in the context of health?
What do indicators reflect regarding program objectives?
What do indicators reflect regarding program objectives?
What does the Physical Quality of Life Index consolidate?
What does the Physical Quality of Life Index consolidate?
What is the definition of the crude mortality rate (CDR)?
What is the definition of the crude mortality rate (CDR)?
What does the infant mortality rate measure?
What does the infant mortality rate measure?
What is the main characteristic of an indicator?
What is the main characteristic of an indicator?
What dimension do morbidity indicators reveal?
What dimension do morbidity indicators reveal?
What is used as an estimate of the average population at risk when calculating mortality rates?
What is used as an estimate of the average population at risk when calculating mortality rates?
What does the neonatal mortality rate measure?
What does the neonatal mortality rate measure?
What does the Sullivan’s Index measure?
What does the Sullivan’s Index measure?
What do nutritional status indicators reflect in pre-school children?
What do nutritional status indicators reflect in pre-school children?
What is the WHO Joint Learning Initiative's threshold for health workers per 10,000 population?
What is the WHO Joint Learning Initiative's threshold for health workers per 10,000 population?
What do healthcare utilization indicators reflect?
What do healthcare utilization indicators reflect?
What do indicators of social and mental health provide a guide for?
What do indicators of social and mental health provide a guide for?
What do environmental indicators reflect?
What do environmental indicators reflect?
What is the main characteristic of an indicator used in health?
What is the main characteristic of an indicator used in health?
'Indicators' help to measure what regarding program objectives?
'Indicators' help to measure what regarding program objectives?
What does the Physical Quality of Life Index consolidate?
What does the Physical Quality of Life Index consolidate?
What is the single most important indicator of political commitment in health policy?
What is the single most important indicator of political commitment in health policy?
What dimensions are represented by the Human Development Index?
What dimensions are represented by the Human Development Index?
What do indicators help to measure in terms of health status?
What do indicators help to measure in terms of health status?
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Study Notes
Definition of Health
- Health is defined as a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Health Indicators
- Indicators are also known as indices or variables.
- The main characteristic of an indicator is that it is susceptible to measurement.
- Indicators help to measure health status, program objectives, and progress towards goals.
- Health status indicators measure various aspects of health, such as mortality, morbidity, and healthcare utilization.
Mortality Indicators
- Crude mortality rate (CDR) is the number of deaths per 1,000 mid-year population.
- Mid-year population is used as an estimate of the average population at risk when calculating mortality rates.
- Infant mortality rate measures the number of deaths of infants under 1 year of age per 1,000 live births.
- Under-5 mortality rate reflects the number of deaths of children under 5 years of age per 1,000 live births.
- Perinatal mortality rate measures the number of stillbirths and deaths of infants in the first week of life per 1,000 total births.
- Cause-specific mortality rate measures the number of deaths due to a specific cause per 1,000 population.
Morbidity Indicators
- Morbidity indicators reveal the incidence and prevalence of diseases.
- Incidence measures the number of new cases of a disease within a specific time period.
- Prevalence measures the total number of cases of a disease within a specific time period.
- Notification rates for morbidity indicators are calculated from the number of reported cases.
Other Health Indicators
- Sullivan's Index measures the number of years of life lost due to premature mortality.
- Anthropometric measurements of pre-school children are used to assess nutritional status.
- Household crowding index measures the number of people living in a household.
- Environmental indicators reflect the quality of the environment and its impact on health.
- Physical Quality of Life Index consolidates indicators of mortality, morbidity, and nutrition.
- Human Development Index represents the dimensions of life expectancy, education, and income.
- The WHO Joint Learning Initiative's threshold for health workers is 23 per 10,000 population.
Purpose of Health Indicators
- Indicators help to measure health status, track progress, and identify areas for improvement.
- The use of multiple indicators arranged in profiles or patterns allows for a comprehensive understanding of health status.
- Indicators reflect the concept of health as defined by the World Health Organization, which includes physical, mental, and social well-being.
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