Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following represents a short-term health risk associated with alcohol consumption?
Which of the following represents a short-term health risk associated with alcohol consumption?
Which condition is linked to long-term alcohol consumption?
Which condition is linked to long-term alcohol consumption?
What classification does alcohol hold in relation to cancer according to health organizations?
What classification does alcohol hold in relation to cancer according to health organizations?
What aspect of health does alcohol misusage primarily impact according to the readings?
What aspect of health does alcohol misusage primarily impact according to the readings?
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Which statement is true regarding the effects of alcohol on health?
Which statement is true regarding the effects of alcohol on health?
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What is one oral effect of alcohol associated with increased bleeding?
What is one oral effect of alcohol associated with increased bleeding?
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What factor is essential for enhancing long-term oral health and general health in patient care?
What factor is essential for enhancing long-term oral health and general health in patient care?
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Which of the following is a proposed effect of alcohol on halitosis?
Which of the following is a proposed effect of alcohol on halitosis?
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What percentage of facial traumas was related to alcohol consumption over a decade ago?
What percentage of facial traumas was related to alcohol consumption over a decade ago?
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Which of the following statements about alcohol's impact on health is true?
Which of the following statements about alcohol's impact on health is true?
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What is a potential reason for increased dental caries in alcohol-dependent individuals?
What is a potential reason for increased dental caries in alcohol-dependent individuals?
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What is one key role of dental care professionals in relation to alcohol consumption?
What is one key role of dental care professionals in relation to alcohol consumption?
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Which screening and evaluation method is suggested for assessing alcohol consumption in patients?
Which screening and evaluation method is suggested for assessing alcohol consumption in patients?
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Which oral condition is directly associated with the wear from alcoholic beverages?
Which oral condition is directly associated with the wear from alcoholic beverages?
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Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing periodontal disease related to alcohol consumption?
Which factor is NOT mentioned as influencing periodontal disease related to alcohol consumption?
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Why is it important to recognize the psychological and sociological factors related to oral health?
Why is it important to recognize the psychological and sociological factors related to oral health?
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Which type of drinking is associated with higher prevalence of dental trauma?
Which type of drinking is associated with higher prevalence of dental trauma?
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Which oral health issue is said to be multi-factorial among alcohol-dependent groups?
Which oral health issue is said to be multi-factorial among alcohol-dependent groups?
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Study Notes
Alcohol and Oral Health - Part 3
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GDC Learning Outcomes:
- Recognize psychological and sociological factors contributing to poor oral health, the course of diseases, and treatment success.
- Recognize the importance of and perform appropriate intra- and extra-oral clinical examinations.
- Recognize the significance of reported oral health changes and take action.
- Refer to other dental team members or health professionals.
- Recognize the need for and arrange appropriate follow-up care.
- Underpin patient care with a preventive approach that promotes long-term oral and general health.
- Describe health risks of diet, drugs, substance misuse, and tobacco/alcohol on oral and general health. Provide appropriate advice, referral, and support.
- Communicate effectively and sensitively with patients and their representatives in all situations, especially when discussing sensitive issues like alcohol use or smoking.
Intended Learning Outcomes
- Outline the relevance of alcohol consumption and its impact on the UK population.
- Develop and demonstrate the role of dental care professionals in delivering key general health messages.
- Screen patients using recommended screening toolkits.
- Evaluate data to provide appropriate advice and signpost patients when necessary.
- Discuss the impact of alcohol on oral and general health.
Assessment
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Formative:
- Unseen cases
- Class discussion
- Clinical activity
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Summative:
- Unseen cases
- Case presentations
Oral Effects of Alcohol
- Cancer
- Halitosis
- Trauma
- Staining
- Periodontal Disease
- Tooth Wear
- Caries
- Self-care
Alcohol and Mouth Cancer Risk
- Alcohol consumption linked to mouth cancer risk, risk increases with higher consumption.
- The acetaldehyde metabolite of alcohol and its impact on DNA damage are key factors in cancer development.
- Aldehyde Dehydrogenase (ADH) is the enzyme involved in alcohol metabolism.
- Individuals with mutations in the aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) gene are at higher risk for alcohol-related cancers.
- Risk increased for patients who consume above recommended levels.
Alcohol and Increased Risk of Oral Cancer
- Studies show no safe limit for alcohol intake and an increase in oral cancer risk with greater alcohol consumption, especially when combined with tobacco use.
- Patients should be aware of the alcohol content of their drinks and consider recording their intake.
Halitosis
- Increased level of volatile sulfur compounds in daily alcohol drinkers compared to non-daily drinkers.
- Theories of malodour.
Trauma
- 22% of facial trauma cases were related to alcohol consumption in the past.
- Alcohol consumption is associated with higher rates of dental trauma, particularly in binge drinkers.
Staining
- The effect of alcohol on tooth staining.
Periodontal Disease
- Increased bleeding associated with alcohol consumption.
- Impact on periodontal pathogens.
- Immunological pro-inflammatory cytokines affected by alcohol.
- Quantifiable relationship between alcohol consumption & periodontitis with possible connection to cytokine levels & pathogenic profiles as evidenced by studies from Lagos J P, Costa F, Corelli S et al.
- Factors such as compliance, immunosuppression, and diet influence alcohol and periodontal effects.
Tooth Wear
- Patients with chronic alcoholism tend to show greater tooth wear.
- Palatal surfaces of upper anterior teeth are commonly affected due to alcohol consumption.
- Drinks over 9% alcohol correlate with a higher risk for tooth wear.
pH of Alcoholic and Mixer Drinks
- Table providing the pH values of different drinks (White Wine, Beer, Red Wine, Cider, Orange Juice, Pepsi, Coke, Diet Coke, Lime Juice)
Caries
- Caries are multifactorial conditions.
- Alcohol-dependent individuals show higher caries rates compared to social drinkers.
- Consideration of factors like salivary flow, buffering capacity, sugar content in mixers and drinks, pace of consumption, cravings, and self-care are important.
Sugar Content of Alcoholic and Mixer Drinks
- Table listing sugar content (grams per 100 grams) for various drinks (Beer, Cider, Liqueurs, Red Wine, Rose, White wine, Sparkling Wine, Cola).
Self-Care
- Discussion needed on the impact of frequent alcohol consumption that's higher than recommendations.
- Patients' thoughts and findings on alcohol and self-care should be placed on the discussion board.
Required Reading
- Refer to Moodle page for reading materials.
Additional Reading
- Relevant articles by authors: Harris, Warnakulasiriya, Johnson, Gelbier, Peters, Sarrett, Coletti, Peluso, Tezal, Grossi, Ho, Genco.
Alcohol and General Health
- Linked to over 60 different diseases and conditions.
- Divided into short-term and long-term health risks.
Alcohol and Physical Health
- Alcohol linked to more than 60 diseases and conditions.
- Can be divided into short-term and long-term health risks.
Short-Term Health Risks
- Injuries
- Violence
- Alcohol poisoning
- Reproductive health
Long-Term Health Risks
- Refer to liver disease lecture
- Cancer (group 1 carcinogen) as a causative factor in cancers of the mouth and other parts of the body.
- Weight gain.
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