Health & Human Development Unit 2 Revision

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Key Terms

• Physical Development: Changes to the body and its systems, including size, complexity of the nervous system, and motor skills (e.g., learning to walk).
• Intellectual Development: Increase in complexity of brain processes such as thought, knowledge, and memory.
• Emotional Development: Ability to recognize, understand, effectively manage, express emotions, and display resilience.
• Social Development: Increasing complexity of behavior patterns used in relationships with others.
• Health and Wellbeing: Relating to the state of a person's physical, social, emotional, mental, and spiritual existence. Characterised by equilibrium, happiness, health, capability, and engagement.
• Physical Health and Wellbeing: Refers to the functioning of the body's systems, including the physical capacity to perform daily tasks. Includes healthy body weight, freedom from disease, adequate energy levels, and a robust immune system.
• Social Health and Wellbeing: The ability to form meaningful relationships, and adapt to social situations. Includes healthy relationships, communication, and family support
• Mental Health and Wellbeing: Relates to the state of a person's mind or brain. Includes the ability to think and process information, form opinions, and use logic, with low levels of stress and resilience.
• Emotional Health and Wellbeing: The ability to recognize, understand, effectively manage, and express emotions. Includes the ability to understand a range of emotions, respond effectively to them, and demonstrate resilience.
• Spiritual Health and Wellbeing: Relates to ideas, beliefs, values, and ethics, the sense of meaning, peace, and a reflection on one's place in the world.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Prenatal/Lifespan

• Germinal Stage: (Weeks 2-4) - Includes the formation of the placenta, and the rapid cell division that begins 30 hours after fertilization.

• Embryonic Stage: (Weeks 4-10) - Development of the nervous system, and the fetus growing to the size of a sesame seed.

• Foetal Stage: (Fertilization to Birth) - Major organs mature and the fetus grows substantially.

• Infancy: (Birth - 2 years) - Rapid growth, development of independence, and initial learning of social skills.

• Early Childhood: (2-6 years) - Social skills development, toilet training & learning social skills.

• Late Childhood: (6-12 years) - Long-term memory development, social skill growth

• Youth: (12-18 years) - Rapid growth & increase in physical independence.

• Early Adulthood: (18-40 years)- Physical peak, body systems mature.

• Middle Adulthood: (40-65 years) - Women experience menopause, physical changes associated with aging, and slowing of motor skills.

• Late Adulthood: (65+ years) - Living arrangements change, potentially moving in with family or aged care facilities.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Key Definitions

• Teratogen: An agent (e.g., substance, virus, medicine) that causes abnormal development following foetal exposure during pregnancy.
• Fertilisation: The process of combining a sperm and an egg marking the beginning of pregnancy.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Healthy + Respectful vs Unhealthy Relationships

• Healthy Relationships: Respect for others' feelings, needs, thoughts, and rights; Consideration for other people's feelings.
• Unhealthy Relationships: Feelings of discomfort, put down by others, lacking appreciation, and feeling uncared for.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Developing Healthy Relationships (Characteristics)

• Trust: Feeling safe around others
• Honesty: Telling the truth, not keeping secrets, avoiding lying, cheating, and stealing.
• Empathy: Understanding others' feelings by placing yourself in their position.
• Thoughtful Treatment: Treating others with consideration.

Health and Wellbeing Example Classifications

• Examples of Healthy Physical Health & Wellbeing: Healthy body weight, freedom from disease and injury, adequate energy, functioning body systems and organs and strong immune system.
• Examples of Healthy Mental Health & Wellbeing: Low stress levels, positive self-esteem, and problem solving skills.
• Examples of Healthy Spiritual Health & Wellbeing: Positive meaning and purpose in life.
• Examples of Healthy Social Health & Wellbeing: Maintaining healthy relationships and communication with others.
• Examples of Unhealthy Physical Health & Wellbeing: Unhealthy lifestyle choices can often increase risk of disease.
• Note: Many additional examples of each health and wellbeing aspect are provided in the text.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Parenting Styles

• Authoritarian: Hostile parenting style toward the child, rigid discipline, verbal or physical abuse. The child often demonstrates fear of the home environment and may mistrust others.
• Uninvolved: Parents who allow children to learn from mistakes, avoid discipline, and focus on their own issues. Their children may face difficulties forming relationships and achieving academic success.
• Authoritative: Parents listen to their children's perspectives while setting consistent rules and boundaries, providing reasons for such rules and creating a secure environment. This style leads to children that can make better decisions, having good skills, and better problem solving skills.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Physical Development Patterns

Cephalocaudal (head-to-toe) and proximodistal (center-outward) are the two patterns of physical development observed during infancy.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Emotional Development in Youth

• Experiencing a wide range of emotions, building emotional resiliency ("bouncing back"), developing a sense of self-concept, and learning ways to express emotions.
• This can impact social health and wellbeing by helping in better relationships, communications, handling conflicts, self-esteem and stress reduction.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Generations (brief characteristics)

• Generation 1 (Boomers): Competitive and confident.
• Generation 2 (Gen Z): Creative and sensitive.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Iodine During Pregnancy

• Consuming sufficient iodine during preconception and the first 16 weeks of pregnancy is crucial for the healthy development of the baby's brain and nervous system.
• Iodine deficiency can lead to significant health problems such as stunted growth and intellectual disabilities.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Foods to Avoid During Pregnancy

• Raw or smoked seafood (e.g., sushi, oysters, smoked salmon).
• Soft-serve ice cream.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Foods to Consume More of During Pregnancy

• Foods rich in folate (e.g., asparagus, spinach, bran flakes).
• Foods rich in iron (e.g., spinach, red meats).

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Intergenerational Health

• The health and wellbeing of one generation impacts the next, which can lead to health problems for future generations.
• Risk factors during early life can lead to chronic illness later.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Primary vs Secondary Sex Characteristics

• Primary Sex Characteristics: Directly involved in reproduction (e.g., reproductive organs).
• Secondary Sex Characteristics: Visible signs of maturity not directly involved in reproduction (e.g., body hair, breast development). (Separate table for each)

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Australian Health System (Medicare & PBS)

• Medicare: Australia's universal health insurance scheme.
• PBS: Subsidizes essential medicines.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Patient Rights

Includes access to healthcare, safety, respect , and partnership with healthcare providers.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Patient Responsibilities

Includes providing information about health, following medical advice, and asking questions.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Complaint Handling Organisation

The organisation handling complaints is not named here.

Health & Human Development Exam Revision Booklet Unit 2 2024 - Development Definition

Development is a series of orderly and predictable changes from fertilization to death, marked by sequential milestones.

This quiz covers key terms related to physical, intellectual, emotional, and social development as well as health and wellbeing. It is designed for students preparing for the Health & Human Development exam in 2024. Test your understanding of these fundamental concepts essential for overall human development.