Health Hazards and Public Safety Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of a health hazard?

  • A situation that only affects individuals with pre-existing conditions.
  • A condition or substance that has or is likely to have an adverse effect on health. (correct)
  • Anything that poses a risk to public safety.
  • Only living organisms that may cause disease.

Which of the following can be considered a health hazard?

  • A clean, well-ventilated room.
  • Toxic chemicals present in cleaning products. (correct)
  • A student with a mild cold.
  • Healthy food items in a cafeteria.

How is the term 'likely' defined in the context of health hazards?

  • It indicates a 50-50 chance of occurring.
  • It means that the effect is guaranteed to happen.
  • It implies a greater than 50% chance of having an adverse effect. (correct)
  • It suggests that something is impossible.

Which of the following statements about health hazards is FALSE?

<p>Health hazards only encompass humans and living organisms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which aspect of public safety might be influenced by health hazards?

<p>Conditions of premises that affect health. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which entity is defined as the Health Services Appeal and Review Board under the Ministry of Health?

<p>Health Services Appeal and Review Board (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a 'board of health' according to the definitions provided?

<p>A board established under the Act with powers of local health authorities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following describes a 'communicable disease'?

<p>A disease specified by regulation made by the Minister (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What constitutes a 'dwelling unit'?

<p>Real property designed as a home or sleeping quarters (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best defines 'food premise'?

<p>A premises where food or milk is processed and sold (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'health hazard' encompass based on the definition?

<p>Conditions or substances that may adversely affect health (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of the definition of 'health hazard'?

<p>It is a vague definition with many meanings (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one major omission in the characteristics of a 'health hazard'?

<p>A general duty clause is absent (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the definition of a 'disease of public health significance'?

<p>A disease designated by regulation made by the Minister. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which regulation outlines the communicable diseases?

<p>Communicable Diseases – General, R.R.O. 1990, Regulation 557. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a virulent disease?

<p>Common Cold (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can be considered a consequence of an order that requires the closing of premises under the Act?

<p>To prevent entrance or access to the premises by any person. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is a disease identified as a communicable disease?

<p>By being specified in regulation made by the Minister. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is included in the list of virulent diseases?

<p>Tuberculosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'Act binds Crown' indicate?

<p>The Act is applicable to all government entities. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following diseases is classified as a communicable disease?

<p>Gonorrhoea (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a prerequisite for a medical officer of health or a public health inspector to issue an order under Section 13?

<p>A health hazard must be identified (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following actions is NOT included in the nature of orders that can be issued under Section 13?

<p>Destroy the premises (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Who can an order under Section 13 be directed to?

<p>Persons in charge of any substance or activity (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What must be specified in an order issued by a medical officer of health under this section?

<p>The reason for issuing the order (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can a medical officer of health specify about compliance timelines in an order?

<p>When compliance must occur (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

An order under Section 13 must be based on which of the following components?

<p>Reasonable and probable grounds of health hazards (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a potential weakness identified regarding Section 13 of the HPPA?

<p>It is limited to health hazards only (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of a health hazard, what is one responsibility of the person making an order that is directed to an occupier?

<p>Deliver a copy of the order to the owner (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the status of a public health standard in relation to regulation?

<p>A public health standard is not a regulation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In case of a conflict between a regulation and a public health standard, which takes precedence?

<p>The regulation prevails. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does a public health standard require when adopting a code by reference?

<p>Compliance with specified changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does rolling incorporation affect the adoption of codes?

<p>Amendments are included automatically. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does an amendment to an adopted code or procedure come into effect?

<p>When the Ministry publishes notice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required of a board of health under the prescribed regulations and public health standards?

<p>They are not required to provide mandatory programs except as prescribed. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may a public health standard include when adopting a code?

<p>Specific changes and compliance requirements. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'mandatory health program' imply in the context of public health standards?

<p>Programs must be provided if specified by regulations. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is required for an order under Section 13 to be effective?

<p>The reasons for the order must be clearly stated in writing. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In what situation may a medical officer of health issue an oral order?

<p>If there is a significant delay in putting the order in writing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a condition under which the medical officer of health may give directions?

<p>The recipient is likely to comply promptly. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if the recipient of an order under Section 14 does not comply?

<p>The medical officer of health can direct others to carry out the order. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Under Section 14, who can receive directions from the medical officer of health?

<p>Contractors and engaged personnel of the health unit. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of subsection (8) in Section 13?

<p>To simplify the description of persons directed by the order. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What action is permitted if a person cannot be located in a timely manner regarding an order?

<p>The order can be executed by a health unit employee. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why might a medical officer of health provide assistance to a recipient of an order?

<p>To eliminate or decrease the effects of a health hazard. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Board

The Health Services Appeal and Review Board established under the Ministry of Health Appeal and Review Boards Act, 1998.

Board of Health

A local body responsible for public health matters, including health programs and regulations.

Chief Medical Officer of Health

The top medical professional responsible for public health in a specific area.

Communicable Disease

A disease that can be spread from person to person (like the flu, or COVID-19).

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Disease of Public Health Significance

A disease considered a major public health concern (like measles or polio) that requires special attention.

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Dwelling Unit

A place where people live, either a whole house or a part of a building.

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Food

Any edible substance or drink for human consumption, including ingredients.

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Food Premise

Any place where food is made, handled, stored, or sold, except for private homes.

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Health Hazard (Definition 1)

A condition of a premises that has or is likely to have a negative impact on someone's health.

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Health Hazard (Definition 2)

A substance, thing, plant, or animal (except humans) that has or is likely to have a negative impact on someone's health.

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Health Hazard (Definition 3)

A solid, liquid, gas, or a combination of these that has or is likely to have a negative impact on someone's health.

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What does 'likely' mean?

The definition of 'likely' is ambiguous, but it likely implies a greater than 50% chance of a negative health effect.

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Is a sick person a health hazard?

No, the sick person themselves are not a health hazard. The microorganism or condition that makes them sick may be.

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Virulent Disease

A severe and contagious disease classified as such by the Minister's regulations. Examples include cholera, plague, and smallpox.

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Designation of Diseases

The process of officially declaring a disease as a 'disease of public health significance' or a 'communicable disease' by the Minister through regulations.

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Table of Diseases

A specific table in the regulations listing designated 'diseases of public health significance' and indicating whether they are also classified as 'communicable diseases'.

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Closing Premises

The authority to shut down a building or facility to prevent access and suspend operations due to health concerns, as outlined in the Act.

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Act Binds the Crown

The Public Health Protection Act applies to everyone, including government institutions and individuals, ensuring equal application of public health regulations.

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What is a 'disease of public health significance'?

A disease that poses a major threat to public health, often requiring specific control measures and public health interventions.

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Who designates a disease as 'virulent'?

The Minister, through regulations, identifies specific diseases as 'virulent' due to their high severity and contagiousness.

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Public Health Standard

A set of guidelines established by the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MHLTC) to promote public health in Ontario. These standards are not legally binding regulations but provide guidance for public health programs and services.

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Regulation vs. Standard

While regulations are legally binding rules enforced by law, public health standards are guidelines that offer direction and best practices. Regulations take precedence in case of conflict.

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Adoption by Reference

Public health standards can incorporate existing codes, protocols, or procedures by simply referencing them. This allows updates to these external sources to be automatically included in the standard.

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Rolling Incorporation

When standards adopt external sources by reference, any amendments made to those sources (even after the standard was created) are automatically incorporated.

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Effective Date of Amendments

When a change is made to a code, formula, protocol or procedure adopted by reference, it's officially effective after the Ministry of Health notifies the boards of health about the amendment.

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Ontario Public Health Standards (Website)

The official website of the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MHLTC) where you can find all the public health standards, protocols, guidelines, and reference documents.

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Extent of Programs and Services

Boards of Health are not required to provide mandatory health programs or services unless it's specifically prescribed by regulations or public health standards.

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Mandatory Health Programs

Specific health programs that boards of health MUST provide, as outlined by regulations and public health standards.

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Section 13 Order

A legal order issued by a Medical Officer of Health or Public Health Inspector to address a health hazard.

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Health Hazard

A condition that poses a risk to public health, such as contaminated water, unsafe food handling, or a building with structural issues that could cause harm.

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Requirements of Order

These are specific actions or changes that must be made to eliminate or reduce the health hazard. They must be directly related to tackling the hazard.

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Order Timeframe

The order can specify a timeframe for completing the required actions, giving the responsible party time to address the problem.

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Oral Order

A verbal order can be used in emergency situations where immediate action is necessary to protect public health.

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Condition Precedent for Order

There needs to be reasonable evidence to support the belief that a health hazard exists and the order is essential to tackle it.

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Types of Order Actions

Section 13 orders can include a wide range of actions, like vacating premises, closing businesses, cleaning, or removing hazardous materials.

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Who Can Be Directed?

The order can be directed to individuals or businesses who are responsible for the premises, materials, activities, or substances related to the health hazard.

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Who can make an order?

The medical officer of health or the public health inspector can issue a Section 13 Order.

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What does Section 14 do?

If the person receiving the order is unlikely to comply, the Medical Officer of Health can direct someone to do the work instead, and the cost is billed to the recipient of the order.

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When can M.O.H. give directions?

The Medical Officer of Health can give directions if they believe a health hazard exists and the recipient of the order: refused to comply, is unlikely to comply promptly, cannot be located, or requests assistance.

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Directions

Instructions given by the M.O.H. to employees or agents of the board of health to address the health hazard when the recipient of the order is unlikely to comply.

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Who gets the bill?

The person or organization who received the original Section 13 Order is responsible for paying the cost of the work done by the M.O.H.

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Why are orders written?

An order under Section 13 is not valid unless the reasons for it are written down.

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Study Notes

Health Law - ENH 121 - Unit 9 - HPPA - 1

  • Health Law course, ENH 121, Unit 9, focusing on the HPPA (Health Protection and Promotion Act) in 2024.
  • Course material provided by Dr. Peter Strahlendorf.
  • The HPPA is outlined as R.S.O. 1990, Chapter H.7 (Parts 1-3) and revised to September 2023.

HPPA: History

  • The HPPA replaced the prior "Public Health Act."
  • Public Health involvement in Occupational Health and Safety (OHS).
  • The concept of "Nuisance" versus "Health Hazard" is discussed.
  • A new HPPA was passed in 1983.
  • There have been few amendments in the following 20 years.

HPPA: Structure

  • Interpretation (Definitions)
  • Health Programs and Services
  • Community Health Protection
  • Communicable Diseases
  • Rights of Entry and Appeals from Orders
  • Health Units and Boards of Health
  • Administration
  • Regulations
  • Enforcement
  • Transition

Purpose

  • The HPPA aims to organize and deliver public health programs and services.
  • Focus is on preventing disease spread and promoting the well-being of Ontarians.
  • It is not about individual personal health problems, but rather concerns a "relatively significant portion of the public affected."

Jurisdiction

  • Public health is a shared provincial and federal jurisdiction.
  • Federal laws (e.g., food safety) take priority in conflicts.
  • Provincial jurisdiction (Constitution Act, section 92) covers certain aspects like municipal institutions, licenses, local works, property, and private matters.
  • Different ministries (Health, Labour, Environment) have specific roles related to the HPPA, OHSA, EPA, and OWRA.

Peculiarity

  • OHSA inspectors are employees of the Ministry of Labour.
  • EPA inspectors are from the Ministry of Environment.
  • Local Medical Officer of Healths (MOHs) and Public Health Nurses (PHNs) are employees of local health boards.
  • In Northern Ontario, the Chief Medical Officer of Health is an employee of the Ministry of Health and Long-Term Care (MOHLTC).

Boards of Health

  • Southern Ontario has geographically-divided health units.
  • Each unit has a board of health and a Medical Officer of Health (CEO).
  • Boards of health have jurisdiction over health hazards within the local health unit (unless emergency).
  • They get guidance from MOHLTC concerning health programs.
  • Municipal members, MOHLTC-appointed members, and potentially local band council members for native reserves are on the boards.
  • Different emphases given based on local control (rural versus urban).

Part I: Definitions

  • "Board" refers to the Health Services Appeal and Review Board.
  • "Board of health" defines various types of health boards.
  • Definitions for "Chief Medical Officer of Health," "communicable disease," "disease of public health significance," and "dwelling unit" are included.
  • Definitions for "food," "food premise," "health hazard," also specified.

Part II: Health Programs & Services

  • Boards of health must provide programs and services based on MOHLTC requirements.
  • Mandatory programs outlined under section 5 cover community sanitation, safe drinking water, disease control, health promotion and prevention, family health (counselling, family planning), preschool health, screening programs, and other specified programs like tobacco/nutrition support.

Part III: Community Health Protection

  • Medical Officer of Health (M.O.H.) duties entail inspection for health hazards (food premises, boarding/lodging houses, residential institutions, schools, daycares, pools, personal services settings).
  • M.O.H. is obligated to notify the relevant ministry when there's a complaint on health issues in the health unit served.
  • Results of inspection reports are to be provided to the complainant, excluding personal health info unless consent is provided.
  • Health hazard obligations prevail over other health information policies.

Part III: Duties of the Medical Officer of Health

  • MOH has a legal duty to investigate complaints, and ensure the health of the community.
  • They need to keep up-to-date on occupational, environmental factors impacting the health unit.
  • The Ministry can provide relevant information to the MOH.

Part III: Orders & Directions

  • Specific orders related to health hazards (health hazard exists, and the actions required for improvement are necessary).
  • Directions and timeframes for action are part of the orders.
  • The order includes reasons for action.
  • Oral orders are acceptable if there's an emergency.

Recovery of Expenses

  • Costs for correcting health hazards on a premise can be recovered from the owner or any occupier.
  • Procedure for the collection of these costs is detailed.

Duty – Food Premises

  • Operators of food premises are legally obliged to maintain and manage their operations according to standards.
  • Operators must notify the MOH before commencing their operation or activity.
  • Operators must furnish information that MOH requires (manufacturing, processing, preparation, storage, handling, display, transportation, sale, or offering for sale of any food on or in the food premise and the distribution of food from the food premise).
  • Maintenance of appropriate business records related to food business operations is required, with the criteria defined by regulations.
  • Any unfitting sale or offer of food is prohibited (unsuitable by disease, adulteration, impurity, or other causes).
  • Unapproved unpasteurized/unsterilized milk for sale is prohibited in specific situations.

Seizure Power

  • Powers for seizing health hazards (substances, things, plants, or animals) exist for the MOH or the public health inspector in cases where relevant, probable and reasonable grounds indicate a hazard exists.
  • Any seized item can be examined and investigated further before making a decision to release, destroy or dispose.
  • Food that has a health hazard can be destroyed without the need for a further investigation.

Facilities Required in Residential Buildings

  • Owners of residential buildings must provide potable water and adequate sanitary facilities for occupancy.

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Health Law ENH 121 Unit 9 - HPPA 1 PDF 2024

Description

Test your knowledge on health hazards with this quiz. Explore definitions, characteristics, and the relation of health hazards to public safety and disease. Understand important terminologies and regulations related to health and safety.

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