Health Fundamentals Chapter 1

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Questions and Answers

What type of lesion distribution is characterized by being sharply limited to a specific area?

Generalized

Regionalized

Localized (correct)

Scattered

Which type of lesion configuration is characterized by lesions that are clustered together, but still distinct?

Grouped (correct)

Confluent

Dermatomal

Discrete

What type of lesion is characterized by a circular shape with central clearing?

Round

Discoid

Target

Annular (correct)

Which type of lesion distribution is characterized by lesions limited to areas exposed to the air or sun?

Exposed areas Signup and view all the answers

What type of lesion is characterized by a circular shape with a central target-like pattern?

Target Signup and view all the answers

Which type of lesion distribution is characterized by lesions limited to areas where skin comes into contact with itself?

Intertriginous Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of suspected deep tissue injury?

The skin is mushy, firm, or boggy Signup and view all the answers

In people with darkly pigmented skin, how does Stage I differ from the surrounding area?

It differs in color Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a Stage II wound?

It presents as a shallow, open ulcer without slough and with a red and pink wound bed Signup and view all the answers

What should not be described as Stage II?

Perineal dermatitis Signup and view all the answers

What may prevent determining the stage of a wound?

If the wound contains necrotic tissue Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of a Stage I wound?

It doesn't blanch Signup and view all the answers

What can a suspected deep tissue injury feel like?

Mushy, firm, or boggy Signup and view all the answers

Where is a Stage I wound usually located?

On a bony prominence Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of collecting health history?

To gather subjective data about the patient's symptoms and feelings Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of objective data?

A patient's skin rash observed during a physical examination Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of creating an environment conducive to effective communication during a patient interview?

To make the patient feel comfortable and trust the healthcare provider Signup and view all the answers

Why should healthcare providers avoid using medical jargon during a patient interview?

To avoid confusing the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between subjective and objective data in a patient assessment?

Subjective data is provided by the patient, while objective data is observed Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of subjective data?

It is provided by the patient Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using interviewing techniques during a patient interview?

To ensure effective communication and gather accurate information Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary reason for taking a vital sign again after obtaining an abnormal value?

To ensure the accuracy of the reading Signup and view all the answers

Why is it important to select a quiet and private setting for a patient interview?

To create an environment conducive to effective communication Signup and view all the answers

How does the normal respiratory rate vary with age?

It increases with age Signup and view all the answers

Why are baseline values important in physical assessment?

To identify abnormal values specific to the patient Signup and view all the answers

What technique is used to assess normal conditions and deviations using vision, smell, and hearing?

Inspection Signup and view all the answers

In what sequence are the physical assessment techniques used, except when performing an abdominal assessment?

Inspection, palpation, percussion, auscultation Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for altering the sequence of physical assessment techniques when assessing the abdomen?

To avoid altering bowel sounds Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of using the four physical assessment techniques?

To perform a thorough physical assessment Signup and view all the answers

Why is it essential to consider the patient's age when interpreting vital sign values?

To identify abnormal values specific to the patient's age Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the eye includes the choroid, ciliary body, and iris?

Middle layer Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue maintains the form and size of the eyeball?

Sclera Signup and view all the answers

Which part of the eye receives visual stimuli and sends them to the brain?

Retina Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the involuntary muscles in the middle layer of the eye?

To control the size of the pupil Signup and view all the answers

What is the name of the canal that drains aqueous humor from the eye?

Schlemm's canal Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the posterior part of the eye?

Fundus Signup and view all the answers

Which structure is filled with aqueous humor?

Posterior chamber Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the clear, transparent layer at the front of the eye?

Cornea Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health History

All assessments involve collecting two types of data: objective (observed and verifiable) and subjective (provided by the patient and verified only by the patient)
Objective data includes findings such as a red, swollen arm in a patient with arm pain
Subjective data includes statements such as "My head hurts" or "I have trouble sleeping"

Interviewing Tips

Create an environment where the patient feels comfortable to ensure effective communication
Use quiet, private settings and avoid using medical jargon
Choose terms carefully and avoid using complex medical terms
Verify abnormal vital sign values to ensure accuracy
Normal readings vary with age (e.g., temperature decreases with age, and respiratory rate can increase with age)

Physical Assessment Techniques

Four techniques are used: inspection, palpation, percussion, and auscultation
Techniques are used in this sequence except for abdominal assessments
Inspection involves using vision, smell, and hearing to assess normal conditions and deviations

Lesion Distribution and Configurations

Lesion distribution can be:
- Generalized (all over the body)
- Regionalized (limited to one area of the body)
- Localized (sharply limited to a specific area)
- Scattered (dispersed either densely or widely)
- Exposed areas (limited to areas exposed to air or sun)
- Intertriginous (limited to areas where skin comes into contact with itself)
Lesion configurations can be:
- Discrete (individual lesions are separate and distinct)
- Grouped (lesions are clustered together)
- Confluent (lesions merge so that discrete lesions are not visible)
- Dermatomal (lesions form a line or an arch and follow a dermatome)

Wound Stages

Stage I: Intact skin that doesn't blanch, may differ in color from surrounding area, and is usually over a bony prominence
Stage II: Superficial partial-thickness wound with a shallow, open ulcer without slough and with a red and pink wound bed

Eye Anatomy

The eye has three layers of tissue: outermost, middle, and innermost
Outermost layer includes:
- Cornea
- Sclera
Middle layer includes:
- Choroid
- Ciliary body
- Iris
Innermost layer is the retina, which receives visual stimuli and sends them to the brain
Other structures include:
- Pupil
- Anterior chamber (filled with aqueous humor)
- Posterior chamber (filled with aqueous humor)
- Schlemm's canal
- Vitreous humor
- Optic nerve
- Central retinal artery and vein

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Description

Learn about the fundamentals of health assessments, including objective and subjective data and how to collect health history from patients.