Health Concerns During Adolescence
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Questions and Answers

What is the BMI classification for a person with a BMI of 28?

  • Normal weight
  • Obesity
  • Underweight
  • Overweight (correct)

    • Which of the following factors is NOT a cause of obesity according to the information provided?

  • Physical activity environment
  • Dietary choices
  • Genetic predisposition (correct)
  • Societal culture

    • During which stage of life is the average person most likely to gain weight according to the provided information?

  • Early adulthood (correct)
  • Adulthood in general
  • Middle adulthood
  • Adolescence

    • What dietary deficiencies are commonly reported among adolescents?

    <p>Calcium and iron</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is associated with body image anxiety in adolescents?

    <p>Body dissatisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated for a patient with co-occurring bulimia nervosa and major depressive disorder?

    <p>Bupropion (Wellbutrin)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of exercise for children as mentioned in the content?

    <p>Higher academic performance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor has been suggested to contribute to children's dropout from sports?

    <p>Lack of training for coaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How can lifestyle recommendations impact mental health in children?

    <p>They may reduce future mental health issues.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect does physical education in school primarily focus on for children?

    <p>Introducing children to sports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment approach for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Psychotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is NOT commonly associated with anorexia?

    <p>Esophageal tears</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Binge eating disorder differs from bulimia in that individuals with binge eating disorder do NOT engage in what behavior?

    <p>Compensatory behavior</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key diagnostic criterion for binge eating disorder?

    <p>Eating until uncomfortably full</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is contraindicated in both anorexia and bulimia due to its risk of lowering seizure threshold?

    <p>Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does bulimia differ from anorexia in terms of body weight classification?

    <p>Bulimia can occur in those with normal or high BMI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the common physiological effects of refeeding syndrome that should be monitored?

    <p>Hypophosphatemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is true regarding the treatment of bulimia compared to anorexia?

    <p>SSRIs are often used to treat bulimia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the major consequences of obesity?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating disorder is characterized by an extreme preoccupation with body image leading to excessive weight loss?

    <p>Anorexia Nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What genetic factor has been associated with both obesity and eating disorders?

    <p>Variations in appetite-related genes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychological condition linked to eating disorders?

    <p>Depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can be a potential result of obesity other than physical health issues?

    <p>Mental health challenges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following characteristics may indicate restrictive anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Frequent exercise and weight monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT typically associated with the development of eating disorders?

    <p>Participation in team sports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant risk factor for the mortality associated with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Low body mass index (BMI)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most common cause of body image anxiety in adolescents?

    <p>Body dissatisfaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Obesity is categorized strictly by genetic factors alone.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what BMI range is a person classified as overweight?

    <p>25.0 - 29.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Adolescents often consume few fruits and vegetables and lack adequate amounts of ______ for healthy development.

    <p>calcium, iron, vitamins, or minerals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following definitions with their corresponding terms related to obesity:

    <p>Overweight = BMI 25.0--29.9 Obesity = BMI greater than or equal to 30.0 Extreme obesity = BMI greater than or equal to 40.0 Healthy Weight = BMI under 24.9</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Exercise does not have a significant impact on children's physical and emotional development.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be emphasized in pediatric practice to potentially reduce future mental health burdens?

    <p>Lifestyle recommendations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Children benefit from higher levels of satisfaction with family and overall quality of life due to ____________.

    <p>exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following factors related to children's sports with their impact:

    <p>Lack of coaching training = Contributes to dropout rates Physical education = Introduces children to sports Exercise = Improves emotional development Satisfaction with family = Enhances quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is NOT commonly associated with obesity?

    <p>Anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anorexia nervosa has the lowest mortality rate of any mental disorder.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological conditions are often linked to eating disorders?

    <p>Clinical depression and anxiety.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with binge eating disorder do NOT engage in __________ to control their weight.

    <p>purging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following eating disorders with their descriptions:

    <p>Anorexia Nervosa = Severe restriction of food intake leading to extreme weight loss Bulimia Nervosa = Binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors like vomiting Binge Eating Disorder = Recurrent episodes of eating large quantities without purging Muscle Dysmorphia = An obsession with becoming more muscular</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene-related factor has been linked to developing eating disorders?

    <p>Variations in DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Eating disorders generally appear exclusively in adult populations.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the leading causes of death worldwide associated with obesity?

    <p>Coronary heart disease.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary treatment for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Psychotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals with binge eating disorder typically engage in compensatory behaviors after episodes of binge eating.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common physiological complication should be monitored during refeeding in patients with anorexia?

    <p>Electrolyte disturbances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bulimia is characterized by binge eating followed by _____ behavior.

    <p>compensatory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the eating disorder with its key characteristic:

    <p>Anorexia = Always underweight (BMI &lt; 18.5) Bulimia = Binging followed by purging Binge Eating Disorder = Binging without purging Atypical Eating Disorder = Does not fit criteria for anorexia or bulimia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is contraindicated in both anorexia and bulimia?

    <p>Bupropion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one psychological symptom often experienced by those with binge eating disorder after eating?

    <p>Feelings of disgust</p> Signup and view all the answers

    SSRIs have been shown to be effective in treating anorexia.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant benefit of exercise for children?

    <p>Improved physical and emotional development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does physical education play in children's lives?

    <p>It is a key component in introducing children to sports.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary choices during adolescence can significantly influence future health outcomes?

    <p>Consuming few fruits and vegetables</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factors are commonly associated with body image anxiety in adolescents?

    <p>Low self-esteem and atypical eating patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant societal factor contributing to obesity as indicated by the content?

    <p>Cultural beliefs and food marketing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes extreme obesity based on the classification provided?

    <p>BMI greater than or equal to 40.0</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of life are individuals more likely to gain an average of one to two pounds per year?

    <p>Early adulthood into middle adulthood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following health conditions is directly linked to obesity?

    <p>Hypertension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common psychological disorder associated with obesity?

    <p>Clinical depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anorexia nervosa is characterized by which of the following symptoms?

    <p>Inadequate caloric intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating disorder often coexists with perfectionism and depression?

    <p>Binge/purge anorexia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What primarily differentiates binge eating disorder from bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Presence of compensatory behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of eating disorders has researchers focusing on DNA variations?

    <p>Risk of developing eating disorders</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following cancers is NOT associated with obesity?

    <p>Skin cancer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant consequence of obesity beyond physical health?

    <p>Low quality of life</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following symptoms is least likely to occur with anorexia?

    <p>Binge eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary treatment for bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Psychotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individuals diagnosed with binge eating disorder must experience which of the following?

    <p>Guilt after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following medications is appropriate for treating bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Fluoxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes anorexia nervosa from bulimia nervosa regarding body weight?

    <p>Anorexia involves a BMI below 18.5.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is most indicative of refeeding syndrome during the treatment of anorexia?

    <p>Hypophosphatemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common physical effect of malnutrition associated with anorexia?

    <p>Swollen feet due to low albumin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic is unique to binge eating disorder compared to bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Compensatory behaviors like purging</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary psychological issue associated with body dissatisfaction in adolescents?

    <p>Low self-esteem</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does exposure to media influence adolescents in terms of body image?

    <p>It can lead to body dissatisfaction and negative self-image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the reported dietary deficiencies in adolescents that affects their growth and development?

    <p>Deficiency in calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common outcome for adolescents who experience body image anxiety?

    <p>Atypical eating patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statistic reflects the concern for weight among U.S. high school girls?

    <p>One-sixth are actually overweight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the influence of societal messages on adolescents regarding body image?

    <p>They can lead to negative body image and unhealthy choices.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is body mass index (BMI) calculated?

    <p>Weight in kilograms divided by height in meters squared.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group shows the highest percentage of obesity in the U.S. based on recent studies?

    <p>Adults aged 20 and over</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common health risk associated with bulimia nervosa due to frequent purging?

    <p>Electrolyte imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which behavior is characteristic of binge-eating disorder but not bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Loss of control over eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What treatment approach involves parents actively participating in their child's recovery from anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Maudsley Approach</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential consequence of frequent vomiting in individuals with bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Rupture of the esophagus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one major reason cited for children's dropout from organized sports?

    <p>Perception that it is no longer fun</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant trend has been observed regarding children’s participation in sports over time?

    <p>Steady decline in the number of sports played</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What health conditions can result from binge-eating disorder similar to those of obesity?

    <p>High cholesterol levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor significantly limits participation in sports among children according to demographic studies?

    <p>Geographic region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach helps individuals with eating disorders by addressing distorted thinking patterns?

    <p>Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is noted to have higher rates of participation in organized sports?

    <p>Caucasian children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do studies indicate about the effect of coach training on children's sports dropout rates?

    <p>Proper training reduces dropout rates significantly</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a notable difference between e-sports and traditional sports regarding children's physical activity?

    <p>E-sports are purely spectator activities</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do fathers play in sports mentorship for boys compared to girls?

    <p>Fathers significantly mentor sons more than daughters</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of American adults were identified as obese in 2003-2004?

    <p>32%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group is noted as the prime time for weight gain?

    <p>Individuals in their 20s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements correctly describes the relationship between obesity and genetics?

    <p>Several gene variants can influence hunger and food intake.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the estimated medical care cost of obesity in the United States in 2008?

    <p>$147 billion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the skeletal structure of individuals with anorexia nervosa typically manifest?

    <p>Reduction in bone density (osteoporosis)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common characteristic is shared among individuals with eating disorders?

    <p>Extreme preoccupation with body image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant contributor to the global obesity crisis?

    <p>Food marketing and promotion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition describes the extreme concern with becoming more muscular, particularly in men?

    <p>Muscle dysmorphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following gender discrepancies is noted in the occurrence of eating disorders?

    <p>Rates among women are 2½ times greater than men</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many pounds does the average man gain from his 20s to his 30s?

    <p>10 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder associated with?

    <p>Anorexia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the global obesity rate among women in 2014?

    <p>14.9%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological complication should be monitored during refeeding in patients with anorexia?

    <p>Refeeding syndrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What environmental factor contributes significantly to obesity according to the information?

    <p>Physical activity environment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT mentioned as a contributing factor to obesity?

    <p>Sleep patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the most significant age range for weight gain in America?

    <p>20s</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the average weight of an American male in his 30s?

    <p>200 pounds</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gene-related explanation for obesity is mentioned?

    <p>Energy-thrifty genes from the past</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about eating disorders is true?

    <p>Eating disorders appear frequently during the teen years.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a consequence of anorexia nervosa mentioned in the content?

    <p>Severe dehydration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant risk factor is associated with mortality in anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Suicide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating disorder is characterized by a fear of weight gain leading to excessive weight loss?

    <p>Anorexia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is associated with men in the context of eating disorders?

    <p>Muscle dysmorphia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavioral characteristic distinguishes bulimia nervosa from binge-eating disorder?

    <p>Presence of compensatory behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential physical consequence of frequent vomiting in individuals with bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Esophageal inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does body dissatisfaction have on adolescents?

    <p>It is linked to atypical eating patterns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group is most likely to face significant barriers to participating in organized sports?

    <p>Minority children from urban areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary factor linked to the dropout of children from organized sports?

    <p>Perception of sports as a chore</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which demographic is most likely to attempt weight loss according to the provided data?

    <p>U.S. high school girls who believe they are overweight.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment approach has shown effectiveness for bulimia nervosa?

    <p>Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary reason for poor nutrition among adolescents?

    <p>Anxiety about body image.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the average time spent on social media impact adolescents?

    <p>It increases exposure to ideal beauty standards.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What commonality exists between binge-eating disorder and obesity?

    <p>Both may lead to heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What psychological symptom is commonly reported by individuals after binge eating?

    <p>Guilt or shame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of U.S. adults aged 20 and over are classified as overweight?

    <p>70.7%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following groups is most affected by negative body image messages?

    <p>Teenagers exposed to media portrayals of beauty.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which approach is taken by the Maudsley method in treating adolescents with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Parents actively participate in feeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one common mental health issue linked to body dissatisfaction in teenagers?

    <p>Low self-esteem.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of children reportedly view playing computer games as exercise?

    <p>1 in 4</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement best describes the general trend in adolescent dietary habits?

    <p>Adolescents consume inadequate amounts of fruits and vegetables.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is linked to improved retention rates in children's sports participation?

    <p>Improved coach training</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the classification for obesity based on BMI?

    <p>BMI of 30.0 or greater.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor has NOT been shown to directly influence eating habits in adolescents?

    <p>Celebrity endorsements.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What dietary component is most commonly deficient in adolescents?

    <p>Calcium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor contributes to poor nutrition choices among adolescents?

    <p>Anxiety related to body image</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What typical weight change occurs during a person's 20s?

    <p>Increase by 1-2 pounds per year</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which classification of obesity indicates a BMI of 35.0?

    <p>Extreme obesity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which societal factor does NOT contribute to obesity according to the information provided?

    <p>Individual metabolism</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common misconception about the causes of obesity?

    <p>It can result solely from genetic predisposition.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement about adolescent nutrition is true?

    <p>Adolescents require optimal nutrition for growth and development.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the leading health complications associated with obesity?

    <p>Coronary heart disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anorexia nervosa is primarily characterized by which of the following behaviors?

    <p>Severe food restriction and preoccupation with weight</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following conditions is commonly associated with both obesity and eating disorders?

    <p>Sleep apnea</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role do genetics play in eating disorders according to the information provided?

    <p>Genetic variations can increase the risk of developing eating disorders.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which psychological condition is frequently linked to eating disorders?

    <p>Clinical depression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a significant behavioral characteristic of individuals with binge/purge anorexia?

    <p>Engaging in over-exercise and laxative use post-eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which health problem is NOT typically related to obesity?

    <p>Anorexia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common eating behavior in adolescents that can lead to eating disorders?

    <p>Erratic eating patterns and use of diet pills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which eating disorder is characterized by the highest mortality rate?

    <p>Anorexia nervosa</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a defining characteristic of binge eating disorder compared to bulimia?

    <p>Compensatory behavior is absent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is commonly prescribed for the treatment of bulimia?

    <p>Fluoxetine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physiological effect is important to monitor during the refeeding process for patients with anorexia?

    <p>Hypophosphatemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During what condition is a patient with anorexia most likely to be admitted for treatment?

    <p>When experiencing severe electrolyte imbalances.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is NOT typically associated with anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Teeth erosion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common consequence of untreated binge eating disorder?

    <p>Cardiovascular disease</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a recommended treatment for anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Psychotherapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What BMI range is indicative of anorexia nervosa?

    <p>Below 18.5</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom is commonly found in individuals with bulimia?

    <p>Abdominal bloating after eating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of participants met 7 to 9 lifestyle recommendations?

    <p>21%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does meeting lifestyle recommendations affect physician visits for mental illnesses?

    <p>It is associated with fewer physician visits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was used to measure lifestyle behaviors in the study?

    <p>Harvard Food Frequency Questionnaire and surveys</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What cumulative effect is observed with each additional lifestyle recommendation met?

    <p>15% fewer physician visits for mental illnesses</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary mental health issue examined in adolescents in this study?

    <p>Mental illness generally</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What proportion of participants had a mental illness diagnosis during the follow-up period?

    <p>15%</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle factor is NOT included in the study's recommendations?

    <p>Daily water intake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What statistical method was used to assess associations between lifestyle habits and mental illness visits?

    <p>Negative binomial regression</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What impact does emphasizing lifestyle recommendations in pediatric practice have according to the study's findings?

    <p>It may reduce the future burden of mental illness.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the age range of the children whose behaviors were analyzed in the study?

    <p>10 to 11 years old</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Health Concerns During Adolescence

    • Adequate nutrition is crucial for optimal growth and development during adolescence.
    • Poor nutrition is often linked to body image concerns, low self-esteem, and atypical eating patterns.
    • Obesity is classified using BMI (kg/m²): overweight (25.0–29.9), obesity (>30.0), and extreme obesity (>40.0).
    • Average weight gain is approximately 1-2 pounds per year from early adulthood into middle age. Average adult weights are given for men and women in various age groups.
    • Societal factors (culture, education, food marketing), behaviors (diet, activity levels, medication use) and genetics can contribute to obesity.
    • Obesity is associated with various health risks including high blood pressure, high LDL cholesterol, low HDL cholesterol, high triglyceride levels (Dyslipidemia), type 2 diabetes, coronary heart disease, stroke, gallbladder disease, osteoarthritis, various cancers, and mental disorders like depression and anxiety.
    • Obesity can be a leading cause of death worldwide.
    • There are multiple genes that may contribute to obesity.
    • There is no single gene responsible for obesity, rather multiple genetic variations might be involved in raising hunger and prompting food intake.
    • The prime time for weight gain is during one's 20s, with individuals gaining 1–2 pounds per year. This usually continues into middle adulthood.
    • Teens often do not get enough calcium, iron, vitamins, and minerals needed for development.
    • Individuals in their 20s tend to gain weight, increasing to levels in their 30's.
    • Weight gain in one's 20s is a common trend that typically continues into middle adulthood.

    Eating Disorders

    • Body dissatisfaction is a common cause of erratic eating or the use of diet pills.
    • Eating disorders (e.g., anorexia nervosa, bulimia nervosa, binge eating disorder) often emerge in adolescence or young adulthood and can affect both sexes.
    • Anorexia nervosa involves preoccupation with body image, leading to severely restricted food intake and a BMI below 18.5. It has the highest mortality rate of any mental disorder. Medical issues include nutritional deficiencies, osteoporosis, amenorrhea, muscle wasting, emaciation, brittle hair/nails, dry/yellow skin, lanugo, constipation, hypotension, brain damage, hypothermia, lethargy, infertility, bradycardia, and swollen feet (low albumin) and dizziness. Refeeding syndrome and hypophosphatemia can also arise during the refeeding process.
    • Bulimia nervosa involves binge eating followed by compensatory behaviors to prevent weight gain, such as purging (vomiting or using laxatives) or excessive exercise. Affected individuals often have a normal or slightly elevated BMI. Medical issues from bulimia can include enamel erosion, esophageal tears, parotitis (inflammation of salivary glands), and thickened/callused knuckles and/or inflammation of the salivary glands.
    • Binge eating disorder involves binge eating episodes without compensatory behaviors. These individuals may experience weight gain. This is the most common eating disorder in the U.S..
    • Genetic and family factors may contribute to the development of eating disorders. Researchers are identifying DNA variations linked to increased risk. Brain activity patterns are also different between people with eating disorders and those without.
    • Medical consequences of anorexia and bulimia can be severe, (e.g., nutritional deficiencies, osteoporosis, brain damage, heart problems, electrolyte imbalances, low blood pressure, etc.) .
    • Treatments for eating disorders typically include psychotherapy and, in severe cases, hospitalization. SSRIs (like fluoxetine) are sometimes used for bulimia; however, bupropion is contraindicated. In severe cases of anorexia, an atypical antipsychotic, olanzapine, may be used. Bupropion is contraindicated in anorexia and bulimia because it lowers seizure threshold.

    Exercise and Sports

    • Children's activities are less about competition once adults intervene.
    • Exercise is beneficial for children due to improved well-being, emotional development, and academic performance.
    • There are concerns about physical education and training affecting participation in sports.
    • Lifestyle recommendations can help reduce mental health issues in adolescents. Stronger positive associations between compliance with lifestyle recommendations and mental health are seen early in life. Implementing these recommendations early in childhood can reduce the future burden of mental illness.

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    Health Concerns During Adolescence PDF

    Description

    Explore the critical role of nutrition during adolescence and its impact on health. This quiz covers topics including obesity, body image, and associated health risks. Understand how societal factors and genetics contribute to these issues.

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