Health Concepts Quiz

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Questions and Answers

Which of these concepts defines health as a dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment?

Ecological Concept (correct)

Psychosocial Concept

Holistic Concept

Biomedical Concept

According to the WHO, health is defined as:

A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being. (correct)

The absence of any disease or infirmity.

The ability to live a socially and economically productive life.

A dynamic equilibrium between man and his environment.

Which concept views the human body as a machine, and disease as a breakdown of that machine?

Ecological Concept

Biomedical Concept (correct)

Psychosocial Concept

Holistic Concept

Which concept emphasizes the influence of social, psychological, cultural, economic, and political factors on health?

Psychosocial Concept (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the key feature of the Holistic Concept of health?

Synthesis of all other concepts. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT a characteristic of the Biomedical Concept of health?

Focus on adaptation and adjustment to the environment. (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which concept of health considers individual's well-being in the context of their environment?

Holistic (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a functioning medical products regulatory system?

National diagnostic and treatment protocols (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of a national medical products availability and price monitoring system?

To track the supply and demand of medical products (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a component of a well-functioning health system's service delivery?

Standardized equipment per levels of care (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a national program to promote rational prescribing?

To encourage the use of appropriate medical products (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which level of health care delivery focuses on highly skilled and specialized institutions?

Tertiary prevention (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to R.A. No. 4226, which of these is NOT a category of health care delivery based on service capacities?

Financial resources (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of a Rural Health Unit (RHU)?

Offering primary level healthcare services (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main purpose of a Barangay Health Station (BHS)?

To offer primary healthcare services to a specific community (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a key component of a well-functioning health system?

A strong military force (C) Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of a national list of essential medical products?

To ensure the availability of essential medical products (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of private practitioners and clinics in healthcare?

Acting as the first contact between community members and healthcare facilities (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which type of hospital is typically headed by a Mayor?

City/Municipal Hospital (A), Emergency Hospital (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements accurately describes non-government hospitals?

They are often established through donations or investments. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is a common feature of second-level healthcare facilities?

They are capable of minor surgeries and have moderate equipment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes government hospitals from non-government hospitals?

Government hospitals are created by law and funded by public resources. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary goal of primary health care according to WHO and UNICEF?

To ensure the highest possible level of health and well-being for everyone. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of health as described in the provided text?

Emotional (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'health is intersectoral' mean?

Health is influenced by factors beyond the healthcare sector, such as education and environment. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the text suggest about the importance of health?

Health is essential for a productive, fulfilling, and quality life. (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a basic principle of primary health care?

Prioritizing the latest medical technologies over other approaches. (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of 'a whole-of-society approach' to primary health care?

It indicates the need for collaboration between government, communities, and other sectors to achieve health goals. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What does 'health involves individuals, state, and international responsibility' imply?

Health is a shared responsibility requiring cooperation between individuals, governments, and international organizations. (A) Signup and view all the answers

How does the text define mental health?

A state of balance between the individual and their surroundings, including themselves, others, and the environment. (A) Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of social health is highlighted by the statement 'The quality and quantity of an individual's interpersonal ties and the extent of involvement with the community.'

The individual's social network and sense of belonging. (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a core component of Primary Health Care (PHC)?

Prioritizing specialized medical interventions over preventative care (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does PHC contribute to the resilience of health systems?

By strengthening the public health infrastructure to prepare for, respond to, and recover from health shocks and crises (D) Signup and view all the answers

What does the statement "a shift is needed from health systems designed around diseases and institutions towards health systems designed for people, with people" emphasize?

The necessity of a people-centered approach to PHC, involving communities in healthcare delivery (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a "whole-of-government approach to health" as it relates to PHC?

Prioritizing health-related policies and interventions across all government sectors (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of these is NOT an objective of PHC?

Enhancing the development of new specialized medical technologies (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does "health-in-all-policies" mean in the context of PHC?

Integrating health considerations into policies across all sectors of government (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which objective of PHC prioritizes the equitable distribution of healthcare resources?

To provide reasonable and timely access to primary health care services (C) Signup and view all the answers

How does PHC contribute to achieving universal health coverage (UHC)?

By advocating for cost-effective, integrated, and accessible primary health care services (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of a "multisectoral policy and action" that PHC emphasizes?

A campaign promoting physical activity and healthy eating in schools (C) Signup and view all the answers

Which objective of PHC focuses on building sustainable healthcare systems?

To establish, within available resources, primary health care teams and networks (A) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Introduction to Health

Health is a common theme across cultures
Health defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) is a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
Operational definition of health describes health as a quality of the human organism expressing adequate functioning in given conditions, (genetic or environmental).
Health is characterized by no obvious disease and adequate functioning of organs working together.

Changing Concepts of Health

Biomedical Concept: Health is the absence of disease. Bodily functions are assumed to be machine-like, and diseases are viewed as breakdowns.
Ecological Concept: Health is a dynamic equilibrium between a person and their environment. It involves continuous adaptation and adjustment to the environment to ensure optimal functioning.
Psychosocial Concept: Health is influenced by psychological, cultural, economical, and political factors.
Holistic Concept: A synthesis of the above concepts. It is an unified or multidimensional process, involving a person's well-being in the context of their environment.

Philosophies of Health

Health is a fundamental human right.
Health is essential for productive life.
Health is an essential part of development.
Health is central to the concept of quality of life.
Health necessitates individual, state, and international responsibility.
Health maintenance is a major social investment.
Health is a global social goal.

Dimensions of Health

Physical: Perfect functioning of every cell and organ, working together to maintain harmony.
Mental: A state of balance between the individual and the surrounding world, characterized by harmony between oneself and others and the environment.
Social: The quality and quantity of an individual's interpersonal ties with others in the community and degree of involvement with the community.

Basic Principles of Primary Health Care (PHC)

PHC is a whole-society approach aiming to achieve the highest possible levels of health and well-being, distributing health resources equitably
PHC focuses on people's needs to advance health along a continuum from promotion through treatment, to rehabilitation and palliative care.
PHC works in everyday settings to complement, or work alongside, the community.
PHC is inclusive, equitable, and cost effective for achieving universal health coverage (UHC).
PHC emphasizes the interconnectedness of health to other sectors.

Objectives of PHC

Increase programs/services to support child and youth development.
Boost community participation with government for community health improvements.
Develop community satisfaction with PHC systems.
Support and advocate for healthy policies in all relevant sectors and governmental levels.
Support and encourage the implementation of public health policies.
Provide reasonable and timely access to PHC services.
Apply standards of accountability in professional practice
Establish and support primary health care teams and networks.
Support provision of comprehensive, integrated, and evidence-based primary health care services.

Five Principles of PHC

Self-equity
Nationwide coverage
Self-reliance
Intersectoral coordination
People involvement

Principles and Strategies for PHC

Accessibility, Availability, Affordability & Acceptability of Health Services
Provision of quality, basic and essential health services
Community participation
Self reliance
Recognition of interrelationship of Health and development
Social mobilization
Decentralization

Essential Health Services in PHC

Education for health
Locally-endemic disease control
Expanded program for Immunization
Maternal and Child Health, including responsible parenthood
Essential Drugs
Nutrition
Treatment of communicable and non-communicable diseases
Safe water and sanitation

The Health Care System

Health care is the field of medicine focused on improving and maintaining the health of individuals.
Health care involves processes associated with providing, receiving, maintaining, promoting, and restoring physical, mental, and emotional health.
A healthcare system is a network of organizations, entities, and individuals aiming to improve health.
These organizations, people, and processes interact to deliver healthcare in the community.
The system mobilizes resources needed and for preventing and treating diseases and injuries.
Healthcare systems operate with the goals of improving health outcomes and performance.

Health System Objectives

Improving Health
Responsiveness
Fair Financing

National Health System Goals

Improving access to healthcare
Improving quality of care.
Reducing healthcare costs.
Reducing health disparities.
Improving coordination of care.

Health Outcomes

Health outcomes are the health status of a person or population at a specific point or over a period of time.
Indicators are used to measure health status.
Mortality is the number of deaths in a population over a specific time frame.
Morbidity is the number of individuals experiencing a particular health condition/disease within a population over a particular time frame.

Factors that Impact Health Outcomes

Quality of healthcare
Socioeconomic status
Social determinants of health
Health risk factors

Key Components of a Well-Functioning Health System

Population's health needs and expectations responsive to a community.
Defending the population against threats via an integrated strategy
Providing equitable people-centered care and preventing ill health and financial burden
Allow people to participate in health and health system decisions
Health authorities should have responsibility for steering the entire health sector
Defines national policies, strategy and plan based on transparent and inclusive processes.

Levels of Health Care

Primary level: Rural Health Unit, Barangay Health Station, Clinics. First point of contact between the community and higher levels of care.
Secondary level: District and Provincial Hospitals. Provide specialized care and referrals.
Tertiary level: Specialized and highly specialized care like hospitals that can perform major surgical procedures.

New Classifications of Hospitals

Government: Hospitals created by law.
Non-Government: Hospitals owned or operated through donation, NGO, a single proprietorship, partnership, or corporation.

Hospital Classification Scheme

Levels 1, 2, and 3 are defined by minimum standards that define the services, staff, capacity, and equipment for each level.

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Description

Test your understanding of various health concepts, including the definitions by the WHO and the different models such as the Biomedical and Holistic concepts. This quiz covers the interplay between individuals and their environments, and the characteristics that define health systems and regulatory systems.