Health Concepts Part I: Understanding Wellness
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Questions and Answers

According to the WHO, what is the definition of health?

  • The absence of disease or infirmity.
  • A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity. (correct)
  • A dynamic process that is influenced by both internal and external factors.
  • The ability to carry out daily activities without limitation.
  • Which of the following is NOT a factor that influences an individual's level of attainable health?

  • Environmental factors
  • Adaptive energy
  • Genetic factors
  • Social status (correct)
  • What is the significance of an individual being considered an 'open system' in relation to health?

  • It suggests that individuals are susceptible to environmental influences that can affect their health.
  • It highlights the interconnectedness of different parts of an individual's body.
  • It means that individuals are constantly interacting with their environment. (correct)
  • It emphasizes the importance of individual autonomy in healthcare decisions.
  • Which of the following statements about stress is TRUE?

    <p>Stress can be either beneficial or detrimental to an individual's health. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the significance of an individual's ideas, attitudes, and knowledge regarding health maintenance and promotion?

    <p>They directly influence the individual's level of wellness. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between 'illness' and 'disease'?

    <p>Illness is a subjective experience, while disease is an objective medical diagnosis. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a basic need that must be satisfied for an individual to carry on activities of life?

    <p>Financial needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the key factor that distinguishes health problems from normalcy?

    <p>A change in the individual's level of functioning compared to their previous state. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a potential disadvantage of becoming a Private Duty Nurse?

    <p>Higher salary compared to other nursing roles (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary responsibility of a Flight Nurse?

    <p>Transporting and treating patients evacuated from battlefields (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a typical function of a Clinic Nurse?

    <p>Providing nursing care to hospitalized patients (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a core requirement for a successful Entrepreneurial Nurse?

    <p>Strong business planning and management skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of Advanced Practice Nursing (APN)?

    <p>Expanding nursing roles through specialized education and training (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a recognized specialization within Advanced Practice Nursing (APN)?

    <p>Psychiatric Nursing (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of the proposed revision of the Philippine Nursing Practice Reform Act of 2011 regarding Advanced Practice Nurses?

    <p>It will create more job opportunities for nurses by addressing the shortage of physicians in rural areas (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential benefit of becoming an Advanced Practice Nurse?

    <p>Increased workload and stress levels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these is NOT a characteristic of a General Private Duty Nurse?

    <p>Focuses on specialized medical procedures (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core mission of Army Nursing?

    <p>To enhance readiness, promote health, and preserve life for military personnel (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT directly related to the health care delivery system?

    <p>Self-perception (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage of health-seeking behavior involves directly seeking medical advice or consultation?

    <p>Sick-role Assumption (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which level of prevention focuses on rehabilitation and restoring health after an illness or injury?

    <p>Tertiary (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a criterion that differentiates a profession from an occupation?

    <p>Code of ethics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors is NOT considered a characteristic of a profession?

    <p>Formal accreditation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the concept of professionalization?

    <p>The process of gaining recognition and authority within a particular field. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a personal quality or professional proficiency of a nurse?

    <p>Financial management skills (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a factor that has influenced the shift towards managed care plans and increased outpatient treatment in the health care system?

    <p>Cost containment efforts (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common factor that may lead to fragmented and crisis-oriented health care for many people?

    <p>Inadequate insurance coverage (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following accurately describes the difference between an illness and a disease?

    <p>Illness is subjective, while disease is objective. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a factor that directly influences an individual’s self-perception of their health?

    <p>Genetic predisposition (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of secondary prevention?

    <p>Early detection of breast cancer through mammograms (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the difference between acute and chronic illnesses?

    <p>Chronic illnesses have a gradual onset, while acute illnesses have a sudden onset. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a social or economic factor influencing health?

    <p>Personal hygiene practices (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a tertiary prevention strategy?

    <p>Participating in a support group for people with chronic illness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a key responsibility of the caregiver role in nursing?

    <p>Providing holistic care that addresses the patient's physical, emotional, and spiritual needs (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a core role of a clinical decision maker?

    <p>Providing emotional support to family members (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Rehabilitator role, what does 'optimal level of functioning' refer to?

    <p>The highest level of physical and mental capacity a patient can achieve (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary difference between a Staff Nurse and a Head Nurse in a hospital setting?

    <p>A Head Nurse supervises a group of Staff Nurses, while a Staff Nurse provides direct patient care. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered an advantage of Hospital Nursing?

    <p>A high level of autonomy in decision making. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of Community Health Nursing, what does "Health Education" primarily focus on?

    <p>Teaching patients about the benefits of healthy lifestyle choices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a major responsibility of School Nurses that is NOT typically part of Hospital Nursing?

    <p>Promoting health and safety within the school environment. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes a disadvantage of Community Health Nursing compared to Hospital Nursing?

    <p>Community Health Nurses often have limited opportunities for professional development. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following tasks would NOT typically be expected of an Occupational Health Nurse?

    <p>Providing individual counseling to patients with chronic illnesses. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a potential position within Nursing Education?

    <p>Chief Financial Officer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why was the term 'Industrial Nursing' changed to 'Occupational Health Nursing' in 1958?

    <p>To acknowledge the broader scope of practice within the specialty, including preventative care and health promotion. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing feature of Private Duty Nursing compared to other fields of nursing?

    <p>It provides a wide range of services, including companionship and personal care tasks, in addition to medical care. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these nursing roles primarily focuses on communication with various groups of people, including patients, families, medical teams, community members, and resource personnel?

    <p>Communicator (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key distinguishing advantage of working as a Hospital Nurse compared to a Community Health Nurse?

    <p>More opportunities for specialization in specific areas of healthcare. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is TRUE regarding the disadvantages of both Hospital and Community Health Nursing?

    <p>Both settings can experience staff shortages due to limited resources. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of the Teacher/Educator role in nursing?

    <p>Developing and delivering educational programs for patients. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Health (WHO Definition)

    A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being.

    Personal Health Assessment

    Health is defined by feelings, symptoms, and activity ability.

    Continuum of Health

    Health is a continually changing phenomenon from well-being to illness.

    Factors Influencing Health

    Health levels depend on adaptive energy, genetics, and environment.

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    Types of Stress

    Stress can be internal or external and may be beneficial or harmful.

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    Adaptation to Stress

    Adaptation depends on stress nature and affects health equilibrium.

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    Subjectivity of Illness

    Illness is subjective; only individuals can determine their health status.

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    Health Problems Manifestation

    Health problems change a person's level of functioning compared to before.

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    General Private Duty Nurse

    Provides basic nursing care to patients and their families.

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    Private Duty Nurse Specialist

    A nurse focusing on personalized care for a specific patient.

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    Advantages of Private Duty Nursing

    Includes friendship, flexible schedule, and quality care.

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    Disadvantages of Private Duty Nursing

    Includes patient dependency, fewer colleagues, and no benefits.

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    Military Nursing

    Nursing care provided to military personnel and their families.

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    Air Force Nursing

    Nursing focused on patients evacuated from battle areas.

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    Clinic Nursing

    Nurse assists with exams, lab work, and health teaching.

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    Entrepreneurial Nursing

    Nurses starting their own business ventures.

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    Advanced Practice Nursing (APN)

    Nurses with specialized post-graduate training to practice independently.

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    APN Fields of Specialization

    Includes Nursing Informatics, Nurse Practitioner, and more.

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    Acute Illness

    An illness with rapid onset and short duration, may require intervention.

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    Chronic Illness

    An illness lasting 6 months or longer with possible periods of remission or exacerbation.

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    Social Determinants of Health

    Factors like income, education, and culture that affect health outcomes.

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    Levels of Prevention

    Three levels: Primary (prevention), Secondary (diagnosis), and Tertiary (rehabilitation).

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    Symptom Experience

    The first stage of health-seeking behavior, where symptoms are noticed.

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    Self-Medication

    Stage 2 of health-seeking behavior where individuals treat themselves.

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    Health Care Delivery System

    The organized response to meet the health needs of a population.

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    Cost of Health Care

    A major factor influencing changes in the health care system.

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    Professional Nursing

    A profession characterized by specialized education, ethics, and service orientation.

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    Body of Knowledge

    A core criterion of a profession, encompassing essential knowledge for practice.

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    Nursing Process

    A systematic approach used by nurses to provide care and make decisions.

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    Cultural and Spiritual Values

    Influence health perceptions and behaviors based on cultural backgrounds.

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    Health Services Access

    Availability of services that affect health outcomes and overall care quality.

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    Stages of Health-Seeking Behavior

    Steps taken by individuals when experiencing health symptoms up to treatment.

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    Professional Autonomy

    The independence and control over professional practices in nursing.

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    Clinical Decision Maker

    A nurse who uses critical thinking and the nursing process to make patient care decisions.

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    Client Advocate

    A nurse who protects clients' rights and provides information for decision-making.

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    Rehabilitator Role

    A nurse who assists clients in recovering and adapting to changes in lifestyle and body image.

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    Comforter Role

    A nurse who cares for clients holistically, addressing physical and emotional needs.

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    Communicator Role

    A central role of the nurse involving effective communication with clients and co-workers.

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    Teacher/Educator Role

    A nurse who explains health concepts and evaluates patient learning.

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    Hospital Nursing

    Field focused on providing comprehensive patient and family care in hospitals.

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    Main Responsibilities of Hospital Nurse

    Include bedside care, health education, assessment, coordination, and discharge planning.

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    Community Health Nursing

    Nursing focused on health education, disease prevention, and family care within communities.

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    School Health Nursing

    Nursing practice that supports the health and academic success of students.

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    Occupational Health Nursing

    Specialty nursing providing health services and safety programs to workers.

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    Nursing Education

    Focuses on teaching knowledge and skills for nursing practice.

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    Private Duty Nursing

    Nursing care providing personalized services, often in patients' homes.

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    Study Notes

    Part I: Concept of Man

    • Health (WHO definition): A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.
    • Personal health perspective: Defined by how a person feels, presence/absence of symptoms, and ability to perform activities; it's a dynamic and changing phenomenon.
    • Health continuum: Health exists on a continuum, subject to gradual or abrupt changes, influenced by adaptive energy, genetics, and environment.
    • Stressors: Internal or external, potentially harmful or beneficial, impacting physical, emotional, and social well-being; tolerance varies among individuals.
    • Wellness maintenance: Individual's ideas, attitudes, and knowledge about health maintenance impact wellness levels.
    • Adaptation to environment: Conscious and unconscious adaptation to environmental factors is necessary; the effectiveness of adaptation determines required assistance to maintain equilibrium.
    • Individuals as systems: Individuals react holistically to stressors affecting any aspect of health; they are complex, open systems comprised of interconnected subsystems.
    • Client needs & care determination: Clients have various basic needs—physiological, psychological, social, and spiritual—that must be addressed.
    • Health problems/illness: Health problems are abnormal processes characterized by a change in a person's functional level compared to a past level; they are subjective, and only the person can determine if they're ill. They are synonymous with disease but not always caused by disease.
    • Acute illness: Characterized by rapid onset and short duration; symptoms appear and subside quickly. Intervention may be necessary depending on the cause.
    • Chronic illness: Lasts for extended periods (6 months or more), often a lifetime; may have slow onset, periods of remission (symptoms disappear) and exacerbation (symptoms reappear).

    Factors Influencing Health & Illness (WHO)

    • Social and Economic Environment:
    • Income & social status: Higher status correlates with better health.
    • Education: Lower education is linked to poorer health, more stress, and lower self-esteem.
    • Social support: Strong family, friend, and community networks contribute to better health.
    • Culture: Customs, traditions, and beliefs impact health.
    • Health services: Accessibility and use of disease prevention and treatment services influence health.
    • Physical Environment: Safe water, clean air, healthy workplaces, safe homes, and communities all contribute to good health. Safe employment and working conditions are crucial.
    • Individual Characteristics & Behaviors:
    • Genetics: Predisposition to health conditions.
    • Personal behavior & coping skills: Influence health and well-being.
    • Gender: Men and women experience different diseases at different ages.

    Stages of Health Seeking Behavior (Igun)

    • A sequential process characterized by:
    • Symptom experience
    • Self-treatment/self-medication
    • Communication to others
    • Symptom assessment
    • Sick-role assumption
    • Concern
    • Efficacy of treatment
    • Treatment selection
    • Treatment
    • Treatment effectiveness assessment
    • Recovery and rehabilitation

    Health Care Delivery Systems (HDS)

    • Health care system: Organized people, institutions, and resources that deliver health care to target populations.
    • HDS description: The organized societal response to population health problems.
    • Levels of Prevention:
    • Primary: Health promotion, disease prevention (e.g., immunization, smoking cessation, health education).
    • Secondary: Diagnosis and early treatment (e.g., screenings like mammograms, pap tests, Mantoux).
    • Tertiary: Rehabilitation, health restoration, palliative care (e.g., rehabilitation after stroke).

    Factors Influencing Health Care Delivery

    • Cost: A major driver for changes in the system, motivating managed care plans, outpatient treatments, and shorter hospital stays.
    • Access: Limited access often leads to crisis-oriented and fragmented care.
    • Safety and quality: Inappropriate substitution of unqualified personnel for nurses impacts safety and quality.

    Part II: Nursing as a Profession

    • Profession vs. Job/Occupation: A profession possesses specific criteria (e.g., body of knowledge, ongoing research) that elevate it beyond a job or occupation; not all occupations are professions.
    • Professionalism: Attributes (responsibility, commitment) that define a professional in the job and life.
    • Professionalization: The process of acquiring professional characteristics.
    • Professional Nurse Qualifications/Abilities:
    • Education: Bachelor of Science in Nursing degree.
    • Licensure: Required to practice.
    • Physical/mental fitness: Necessary for safe practice.
    • Professional qualities: Warm personality, emotional balance, concern for people.
    • Resourcefulness & creativity: Required to deliver effective care.
    • Collaboration: Ability to work effectively with others.
    • Self-improvement: Continual development of skills and knowledge.
    • Nursing process expertise: Assessment, diagnosis, planning, implementation, evaluation.
    • Decision-making, communication, interpersonal skills.
    • Research orientation: Utilizing research in practice.
    • Advocacy & participation: Addressing professional issues, protecting patients' rights.

    Roles Basic to Nursing Care

    • Caregiver: Holistic care addressing psychosocial, developmental, cultural, and spiritual needs.
    • Clinical Decision Maker: Utilizing clinical reasoning skills, nursing process.
    • Client Advocate: Protects clients' legal and human rights.
    • Rehabilitator: Assisting clients to return to optimal functioning.
    • Comforter: Providing care directed to the whole person.
    • Communicator: Crucial for effective care (interaction with clients, families, teams).
    • Teacher/Educator: Explaining health concepts, procedures, and reinforcing learning.

    Fields of Nursing

    • Hospital nursing

    • Community health nursing

    • School health nursing

    • Occupational health nursing

    • Independent nursing practice

    • Nursing education

    • Private duty nursing

    • Military or service nursing

    • Clinic nursing

    • Entrepreneurial nursing

    • Advanced practice nursing

    Specific Details of Nursing Fields (e.g., Hospital Nursing, Community Health Nursing)

    Different nursing fields vary in their emphasis, responsibilities, work environments, advantages, and disadvantages. Specific details are provided for each area.

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    Description

    Explore the foundational concepts of health, including the WHO definition, the health continuum, and the influence of stressors. This quiz covers essential perspectives on personal health and the importance of adaptation in maintaining wellness. Test your knowledge on how individual perspectives shape health outcomes.

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