Health Chapter 6: Cholesterol Functions & Risks

Questions and Answers

What are the functions of cholesterol in the body?

Structural part of most body cells, especially cell membranes; 2. Forms the basis for bile acids; 3. Part of some hormones; 4. Plays a protective role in the skin.

What are the dangers of elevated blood cholesterol?

Elevated blood cholesterol can lead to atherosclerosis, and the potential for clot formation, heart attack, or stroke.

Why are HDL and LDL cholesterol levels important?

Increased HDL cholesterol is desirable as it transports cholesterol to the liver for elimination. Increased LDL cholesterol levels are a health risk as LDL carries cholesterol to tissues, contributing to atherosclerosis.

What are the desirable levels of total cholesterol recommended by NCEP?

Less than 200 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

What are the desirable levels of LDL cholesterol recommended by NCEP?

Less than 100 mg/dL Signup and view all the answers

Are recommended values the same as reference values?

False Signup and view all the answers

Increased blood levels of what lipid other than blood cholesterol can be a predictor for increased risk of coronary heart disease?

Increased blood triglyceride levels Signup and view all the answers

How are the HDL and LDL cholesterol values used to calculate the heart disease risk factor?

The risk factor is calculated by dividing the LDL value by the HDL value. Signup and view all the answers

Discuss the function and importance of triglycerides.

Triglycerides are a storage form of fat, essential for energy storage and metabolism. Elevated levels can predict CHD. Signup and view all the answers

Explain the value of using an OTC cholesterol test.

An OTC cholesterol test allows individuals to check their cholesterol levels at home, prompting medical consultation if results are high. Signup and view all the answers

What classes of drugs can be used to lower LDL cholesterol?

Statin drugs, resins, and nicotine acid (niacin) Signup and view all the answers

What are some side effects of drugs used to lower LDL levels?

Abnormal liver enzyme levels and breakdown of muscle tissue (rhabdomyolysis) Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Cholesterol Functions

Cholesterol is a structural component of cell membranes, crucial for cellular integrity.
It serves as the foundational substance for bile acids, aiding in digestion.
Some hormones are derived from cholesterol, indicating its role in hormonal balance.
Provides a protective function in the skin, influencing the skin barrier.

Health Risks of Elevated Blood Cholesterol

High blood cholesterol may lead to the development of atherosclerosis.
Increased risk of thrombus formation can result in heart attacks or strokes.

HDL vs. LDL Cholesterol

HDL (high-density lipoprotein) cholesterol is beneficial; it transports cholesterol to the liver for breakdown and excretion as bile salts.
Elevated LDL (low-density lipoprotein) cholesterol is harmful; it deposits cholesterol in tissues, contributing to atherosclerosis.

Desirable Cholesterol Levels

Total cholesterol levels should be less than 200 mg/dL according to NCEP recommendations.
LDL cholesterol levels are considered healthy if they are less than 100 mg/dL.

Recommended vs. Reference Values

Recommended values are established by health authorities for optimal health.
Reference values are based on cholesterol levels observed in the general population.

Triglycerides and Coronary Heart Disease Risk

Elevated triglyceride levels are linked to an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD).

Calculating Heart Disease Risk Factor

The heart disease risk factor is calculated by dividing LDL cholesterol value by HDL cholesterol value.
Higher results indicate a greater risk for heart attack or coronary heart disease.

Importance of Triglycerides

Triglycerides store excess fat calories in adipose tissue and muscles.
High triglyceride levels are associated with an increased likelihood of developing CHD.

OTC Cholesterol Testing Benefits

Over-the-counter (OTC) cholesterol tests can prompt individuals to seek medical advice for elevated results, increasing health awareness.

Medications for Lowering LDL Cholesterol

Statins, resins, and niacin (nicotine acid) are effective drug classes for reducing LDL cholesterol levels.

Side Effects of LDL Lowering Medications

Potential side effects include abnormal liver enzyme levels and rhabdomyolysis, which is the breakdown of muscle tissue.

Description

This quiz covers the essential functions of cholesterol in the human body, including its role in cell structure and hormone production. Additionally, it examines the dangers of elevated blood cholesterol levels, highlighting the risks of cardiovascular diseases. Test your knowledge on this critical health topic.