Health Chapter 22 Review

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Questions and Answers

What is substance abuse?

Any unnecessary or improper use of chemical substances for non-medical purposes

What are illegal drugs?

Chemical substances that people of any age may NOT lawfully manufacture, possess, buy, or sell

What is illicit drug use?

The use or sale of any substance that is illegal or otherwise not permitted

What are some factors that influence teens' decisions about drugs? (Select all that apply)

Family Members Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of media messages?

Misleading information and perceptions of drugs in songs, movies, and entertainment Signup and view all the answers

What is the leading cause of crime, suicide, and unintentional injuries?

Substance Abuse Signup and view all the answers

What is an overdose?

A strong and sometimes fatal reaction to a drug Signup and view all the answers

What can substance abuse lead to?

Contracting infectious diseases such as Hepatitis B or HIV Signup and view all the answers

What makes illegal drugs different from medical drugs? (Select all that apply)

They are not monitored for quality, purity, and strength Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of drugs on physical health? (Select all that apply)

The danger of overdose Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of drugs on mental health?

They impair the ability to reason and think Signup and view all the answers

What are the effects of drugs on social health? (Select all that apply)

Loss of friendships and relationships with family members Signup and view all the answers

What does ecstasy alter?

Brain structure and function Signup and view all the answers

What is tolerance?

When the body becomes accustomed to the drug and causes the user to experience a need for more to achieve the desired effect Signup and view all the answers

What is psychological dependence?

A drug abuser believes that a drug is needed in order to feel good or to function normally Signup and view all the answers

What is physiological dependence?

A drug abuser develops a chemical need for a drug and experiences withdrawal symptoms when the drug wears off Signup and view all the answers

What is an addiction?

When someone requires persistent compulsive use of a substance known to be harmful Signup and view all the answers

What is the addiction cycle?

When a user takes a drug once for short-term pleasure but experiences withdrawal symptoms, leading them to repeat drug use Signup and view all the answers

What are some symptoms of withdrawal? (Select all that apply)

Depression Signup and view all the answers

What are some health risks and changes that drugs have on your brain?

Mental activity, motor control, memories, amnesia Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of drug use reasoning?

"To escape one’s problems" Signup and view all the answers

What are some consequences of drug use for people? (Select all that apply)

Being involved in violence and crime Signup and view all the answers

Are all consequences of drug abuse 100% preventable?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the most widely used illegal drugs in the world?

Marijuana Signup and view all the answers

What are the parts of marijuana? (Select all that apply)

Plant leaves Signup and view all the answers

Can marijuana be eaten?

True Signup and view all the answers

What is hash?

A stronger form of marijuana; the resin collected from the flowers of the cannabis plant Signup and view all the answers

How can hash and marijuana be used? (Select all that apply)

By being smoked Signup and view all the answers

What is marijuana considered?

A gateway drug Signup and view all the answers

What is a gateway drug?

A drug that ultimately leads users to try other more dangerous drugs Signup and view all the answers

What are some health risks of marijuana? (Select all that apply)

Bloodshot eyes and dry mouth Signup and view all the answers

How does marijuana affect one's reproductive systems?

Females have a risk of infertility; males have a loss of sperm count and changes in hormone levels Signup and view all the answers

Does marijuana have more or less cancer-causing chemicals than tobacco smoke?

More Signup and view all the answers

What is 'crash'?

When the pleasure sensation ends Signup and view all the answers

What happens during 'crash'? (Select all that apply)

Mental and emotional consequences Signup and view all the answers

What is paranoia?

An irrational suspiciousness or distrust of others Signup and view all the answers

What are some mental and emotional consequences of marijuana? (Select all that apply)

Trouble thinking Signup and view all the answers

What are some consequences while driving on marijuana? (Select all that apply)

Depth perception issues Signup and view all the answers

What are inhalants?

Substances whose fumes are sniffed/inhaled Signup and view all the answers

What is THC?

The main psychoactive ingredient in marijuana Signup and view all the answers

If smoked, for how long can THC be present in one's blood?

A month Signup and view all the answers

Marijuana raises the level of what brain chemical?

Dopamine Signup and view all the answers

What are examples of inhalants? (Select all that apply)

Paints Signup and view all the answers

What are some immediate effects of inhalants? (Select all that apply)

Slurred speech Signup and view all the answers

What are some longer effects of inhalants? (Select all that apply)

Brain damage Signup and view all the answers

What should one do when working with inhalants?

Work in a well-ventilated room and wear a mask over the nose and mouth Signup and view all the answers

What are anabolic-androgenic steroids?

Synthetic substances that are similar to male sex hormones Signup and view all the answers

Whom are steroids usually associated with?

Athletes Signup and view all the answers

What are some side effects of using steroids? (Select all that apply)

High blood pressure Signup and view all the answers

What actions are associated with steroids? (Select all that apply)

Extreme mood swings Signup and view all the answers

What are some male consequences of using steroids? (Select all that apply)

Low sperm count Signup and view all the answers

What are some female consequences of using steroids? (Select all that apply)

Low voice Signup and view all the answers

What are psychoactive drugs?

Chemicals that affect the CNS and alter activity in the brain Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main categories of psychoactive drugs? (Select all that apply)

Opiates Signup and view all the answers

What do psychoactive drugs lead to?

Poor judgement and behavior; high risks of unintentional injuries, violence, STDs, unintended pregnancy, and suicide Signup and view all the answers

What are club drugs (designer drugs)?

Synthetic drugs that are made to imitate the effects of other drugs Signup and view all the answers

What are hallucinogens?

Drugs that alter moods, thoughts, sense perceptions, taste, and hearing Signup and view all the answers

What are some common characteristics of ecstasy/Molly/MDMA? (Select all that apply)

Lasting of 3-6 hours Signup and view all the answers

What is euphoria?

A feeling of well-being/elation Signup and view all the answers

What is rohypnol?

Commonly known as 'rookie'; colorless, odorless, and tasteless depressants often used as a date rape drug Signup and view all the answers

What is ketamine?

An anesthetic used to treat animals, causing hallucinogenic effects and may result in respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is LSD?

Lysergic Acid Diethylamide; it leads to hallucinations and severely distorted perceptions of sound and color Signup and view all the answers

What are flashbacks?

The feeling of emotional effects of a drug long after its actual use Signup and view all the answers

What are some examples of hallucinogens? (Select all that apply)

PCP Signup and view all the answers

What is PCP?

One of the most dangerous hallucinogens; creates a distorted sense of immediacy, increases muscle strength and feelings of violence, and increases the inability to feel pain Signup and view all the answers

What is DXM?

A cough suppressant that, if misused, causes hallucinations, paranoia, panic attacks, seizures, and addictions Signup and view all the answers

What are mushrooms and peyote cactus?

Drugs in the form of a fungus or a plant that can be eaten Signup and view all the answers

What is one important characteristic of hallucinogens?

Each drug will vary from user to user Signup and view all the answers

What is cocaine?

A highly addictive and powerful stimulant; user experiences a surge of self-confidence and euphoria Signup and view all the answers

What is crack?

Also known as 'rock' or 'freebase rock'; it is a drug that can be smoked or injected; causes heart rate and blood pressure to soar and can result in cardiac arrest Signup and view all the answers

What are amphetamines?

A highly addictive drug that some people use to stay alert, improve athletic performance, lose weight, or treat ADHD Signup and view all the answers

What is meth?

A stimulant that speeds up the CNS; it can cause intense euphoria, but that fades quickly Signup and view all the answers

What can regular use of stimulants cause? (Select all that apply)

Irregular heartbeat Signup and view all the answers

What could excessive use of alcohol lead to? (Select all that apply)

Death Signup and view all the answers

What are barbiturates?

Sedatives that cause feelings of intoxication, mood changes, or excessive sleepiness Signup and view all the answers

In terms of drugs, what does synergistic mean?

Drugs being taken together Signup and view all the answers

What is GHB?

Gamma Hydroxybutyric Acid; a CNS depressant and another date rape drug Signup and view all the answers

What are tranquilizers?

Depressants that relieve anxiety and cause muscle spasms; if overused/misused, it can lead to psychological or physiological dependence Signup and view all the answers

What are some consequences of taking opiates? (Select all that apply)

Possible coma or death Signup and view all the answers

What is codeine?

A highly addictive drug used in some cough medicines Signup and view all the answers

What are some side effects of using codeine? (Select all that apply)

Dizziness Signup and view all the answers

What is one action that you should not do while taking codeine?

Drive a motor vehicle Signup and view all the answers

What have organizations done to prevent codeine abuse?

CDC issued a warning against giving any medications containing codeine to infants or small children Signup and view all the answers

What is morphine?

A much stronger form of codeine that is prescribed to treat severe pain in hospitals Signup and view all the answers

What is heroin?

A processed form of morphine Signup and view all the answers

How can heroin be taken? (Select all that apply)

Smoked Signup and view all the answers

What is Oxycodone?

OxyContin is a prescription drug used to relieve moderate to severe chronic pain; it can lead to respiratory failure Signup and view all the answers

What is the #2 killer in the world?

Drug overdoses Signup and view all the answers

In 2016, how many American deaths were there related to drug use? (Select all that apply)

50,000 Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of high schoolers have 'never' tried marijuana? (Select all that apply)

62% Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of high schoolers have 'never' tried cocaine? (Select all that apply)

90% Signup and view all the answers

What are some ways to commit to being drug-free? (Select all that apply)

Use rejection skills Signup and view all the answers

What are some healthy alternatives to using drugs? (Select all that apply)

School organizations Signup and view all the answers

What are drug-free zones?

Areas within 1000-1500 feet, designed by signs, where people caught selling drugs receive especially severe penalties Signup and view all the answers

What are some school efforts to reduce drug abuse?

Drug education classes/assemblies, zero tolerance policies, expulsion of students, locker searches, police patrol on campus Signup and view all the answers

What are drug watches?

Organized community efforts by neighborhood residents to patrol, monitor, report, and try to stop drug sales and drug abuse Signup and view all the answers

What are the steps to prevent an addiction? (Select all that apply)

Talk to people Signup and view all the answers

What are some warning signs of drug use? (Select all that apply)

Physical changes Signup and view all the answers

What is rehabilitation?

The process of medical and psychological treatment for physiological or psychological dependence on a drug or alcohol Signup and view all the answers

What are drug treatment centers?

A safe place that provides medications to help with withdrawal Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Substance Abuse and Drugs

Substance Abuse: Non-medical use of chemicals; often unnecessary and improper.
Illegal Drugs: Substances that can't be manufactured, possessed, bought, or sold legally.
Illicit Drug Use: Sale or use of any substance that is illegal or prohibited.
Leading Cause of Issues: Substance abuse is the primary cause of crime, suicide, and unintentional injuries.

Health Impacts

Overdose: Potentially fatal reaction to drugs.
Infectious Diseases: Substance abuse can lead to Hepatitis B or HIV.
Physical Health Risks: Overdose danger and increased disease risk.
Mental Health Effects: Impairs reason and cognitive function.

Social Health: Drugs can lead to lost friendships and strained family relationships.
Legal Issues: Substance abuse often results in legal consequences.
Cycle of Addiction: Users may repeatedly take drugs to relieve withdrawal symptoms, perpetuating dependence.

Dependence and Withdrawal

Tolerance: Body's adaptation leading to increased dosage needs.
Psychological Dependence: Belief that a drug is necessary for well-being.
Physiological Dependence: Chemical need for a drug, with withdrawal symptoms upon cessation.
Withdrawal Symptoms: Include nausea, anxiety, depression, and headaches.

Marijuana Overview

Marijuana: Widely used illegal drug; considered a gateway drug leading to more dangerous substances.
Health Risks: Causes hallucinations, impaired memory, and lung issues.
Effects on Reproductive Health: Infertility risks in females; decreased sperm count in males.

Inhalants and Steroids

Inhalants: Fumes from substances such as aerosols and glues can cause immediate effects like slurred speech and fatigue.
Steroids: Associated with athletes; side effects include violent behavior, mood swings, and physical changes like balding.

Psychoactive Drugs

Categories: Stimulants, depressants, opiates, hallucinogens.
Consequences: Can lead to poor judgment, violence, STDs, and unintended pregnancy.
Club Drugs: Synthetic drugs that mimic effects of other drugs, often more potent.

Hallucinogens

Common Types: Include PCP, DXM, and LSD.
Effects: Alter sensory perceptions and feelings; may lead to unpredictable behaviors.

Stimulants

Cocaine: Highly addictive, leads to euphoria and potential cardiac issues.
Meth: Stimulant causing intense euphoria but has quick fade times.

Opiates

Commonly Abused: Includes codeine and heroin. High risks of respiratory failure and death.
Signs of Abuse: Drowsiness, constipation, and risk of overdose.

Prevention and Treatment

Drug-Free Choices: Engage in hobbies, sports, and community activities to avoid drugs.
Rehabilitation: Medical and psychological treatment for drug or alcohol dependence.
Treatment Centers: Provide a safe environment with medications to assist withdrawal.

Community Efforts

Drug-Free Zones: Areas with strict penalties for selling drugs.
Community Monitoring: Neighborhood watches to prevent and report drug abuse.

Studying That Suits You

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Description

Test your knowledge on substance abuse and illegal drugs with this comprehensive review. This quiz includes key definitions and concepts from Health Chapter 22, focusing on the misuse of chemical substances for non-medical purposes. Enhance your understanding of important health topics related to drug use and abuse.