Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which of the following substances is classified as a depressant?
Which of the following substances is classified as a depressant?
- Cocaine
- Methamphetamine
- Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) (correct)
- Nicotine
An adolescent is found unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. A rage soaked in an unknown chemical was found lying next to the patient's head. Which of the following intoxications is the most likely cause of this patient's presentation?
An adolescent is found unresponsive, apneic, and pulseless. A rage soaked in an unknown chemical was found lying next to the patient's head. Which of the following intoxications is the most likely cause of this patient's presentation?
- Opioids
- Stimulants
- An inhalant (correct)
- Alcohol
Which of the following substances can be administered by snorting?
Which of the following substances can be administered by snorting?
- Alcohol
- Ketamine (correct)
- Methamphetamine
- Heroin
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Which of the following statements is accurate?
Which substance of abuse is the patient most likely to be using if they present with palpitations, badly decayed teeth, and constant teeth grinding?
Which substance of abuse is the patient most likely to be using if they present with palpitations, badly decayed teeth, and constant teeth grinding?
Which substance of abuse has an increased risk of respiratory depression when combined with alcohol?
Which substance of abuse has an increased risk of respiratory depression when combined with alcohol?
Abuse of synthetic cathinone ('bath salts') can produce which set of symptoms?
Abuse of synthetic cathinone ('bath salts') can produce which set of symptoms?
Which of the following substances can cause feelings of paranoia?
Which of the following substances can cause feelings of paranoia?
Which substance of abuse can cause myocardial ischemia?
Which substance of abuse can cause myocardial ischemia?
Which of the following agents increase blood pressure?
Which of the following agents increase blood pressure?
Which of the following drugs can cause loss of interest in sex?
Which of the following drugs can cause loss of interest in sex?
Which medication is anticipated to manage an adolescent's condition when presenting with profuse sweating and bilateral nystagmus?
Which medication is anticipated to manage an adolescent's condition when presenting with profuse sweating and bilateral nystagmus?
Long-term tobacco abuse is linked to which health problems?
Long-term tobacco abuse is linked to which health problems?
Which of the following is a symptom of heroin withdrawal?
Which of the following is a symptom of heroin withdrawal?
Which substance may cause violent behavior?
Which substance may cause violent behavior?
Which medication is commonly used to decrease autonomic hyperactivity in the patient presenting with alcohol withdrawal?
Which medication is commonly used to decrease autonomic hyperactivity in the patient presenting with alcohol withdrawal?
Which of the following substances is classified as a stimulant?
Which of the following substances is classified as a stimulant?
Which of the following statements regarding alcoholism is accurate?
Which of the following statements regarding alcoholism is accurate?
Which substance causes flashbacks?
Which substance causes flashbacks?
Which statement regarding substance abuse is correct?
Which statement regarding substance abuse is correct?
Which finding is most likely to occur during alcohol withdrawal?
Which finding is most likely to occur during alcohol withdrawal?
Which condition is a complication of heroin use?
Which condition is a complication of heroin use?
Which substance causes vasoconstriction?
Which substance causes vasoconstriction?
Which drug category has a side effect of constipation?
Which drug category has a side effect of constipation?
Which substance places a patient at risk for dehydration?
Which substance places a patient at risk for dehydration?
Signs of alcohol withdrawal can occur in the patient who has a positive blood alcohol level.
Signs of alcohol withdrawal can occur in the patient who has a positive blood alcohol level.
Which substance causes a decreased heart rate?
Which substance causes a decreased heart rate?
Which characteristic is indicative of substance dependence?
Which characteristic is indicative of substance dependence?
Which substance causes an increased respiratory rate?
Which substance causes an increased respiratory rate?
Which cocaine delivery route produces the quickest strongest high?
Which cocaine delivery route produces the quickest strongest high?
Which substance produces the sensation of 'bugs crawling under the skin'?
Which substance produces the sensation of 'bugs crawling under the skin'?
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Study Notes
Substance Classifications
- Gamma-hydroxybutyrate (GHB) is identified as a depressant.
- Nicotine is classified as a stimulant.
- Synthetic marijuana (K2/Spice) can cause myocardial ischemia.
- Inhalants have the potential to cause violent behavior.
Intoxication and Withdrawal Symptoms
- Inhalants can lead to unresponsiveness, apneic, and pulseless states in cases of severe intoxication.
- Signs of alcohol withdrawal can manifest even with a positive blood alcohol level.
- Symptoms of heroin withdrawal include agitation.
- Long-term tobacco abuse is associated with bronchitis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).
Routes of Administration
- Ketamine can be administered via snorting.
- Smoking cocaine provides the quickest and strongest high.
Effects on Health
- Use of synthetic cathinone ("bath salts") can result in dehydration, muscle breakdown, and kidney failure.
- Zolpidem (Ambien) increases respiratory depression risk when taken with alcohol.
- Cocaine may cause loss of interest in sexual activities.
- Amphetamines like Dexedrine can increase respiratory rate.
Medical Management
- Lorazepam (Ativan) is commonly used to manage alcohol withdrawal symptoms and autonomic hyperactivity.
- For acute intoxication presenting with symptoms such as nystagmus and sweating, lorazepam may also be used.
Psychological and Physiological Reactions
- Psilocybin can induce feelings of paranoia.
- Mescaline is known to cause flashbacks.
- Methamphetamine users may experience "bugs crawling under the skin."
- Withdrawal from substances can lead to various psychological issues, including delusions.
Statistically Linked Problems
- Substance abuse is a significant issue among older adults.
- Use of tobacco products is classified as substance abuse.
Additional Considerations
- Opioids and morphine derivatives can result in constipation.
- Ecstasy use can lead to dehydration.
- Nicotine is linked to vasoconstriction.
- General withdrawal symptoms include a range of physical and psychological effects, highlighting the complexity of substance dependence.
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