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Questions and Answers
Face to face teams are often preferred in situations requiring long-term commitment and flexibility compared to virtual teams.
Face to face teams are often preferred in situations requiring long-term commitment and flexibility compared to virtual teams.
False
The challenges of teamwork in health care primarily stem from the lack of formal teamwork educational training for professionals involved.
The challenges of teamwork in health care primarily stem from the lack of formal teamwork educational training for professionals involved.
True
Cross-functional teams (CFTs) focus exclusively on individual patient care rather than organizational-level issues.
Cross-functional teams (CFTs) focus exclusively on individual patient care rather than organizational-level issues.
False
Effective teams in health care are characterized by a strong emphasis on individual accountability rather than mutual accountability.
Effective teams in health care are characterized by a strong emphasis on individual accountability rather than mutual accountability.
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Health care managers prioritize individual level advocacy for patients and families over population level and organization-wide issues.
Health care managers prioritize individual level advocacy for patients and families over population level and organization-wide issues.
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Participation in the VHA Medical Team Training program is linked to a higher surgical mortality rate.
Participation in the VHA Medical Team Training program is linked to a higher surgical mortality rate.
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In Tuckman’s Stages, the 'Storming' phase involves team members working harmoniously without conflict.
In Tuckman’s Stages, the 'Storming' phase involves team members working harmoniously without conflict.
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One of the pros of virtual teams is the ability to reduce travel and access diverse talents.
One of the pros of virtual teams is the ability to reduce travel and access diverse talents.
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Tame problems are considered unsolvable and complex.
Tame problems are considered unsolvable and complex.
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In virtual teams, problems with determining the supervisor can arise due to communication challenges.
In virtual teams, problems with determining the supervisor can arise due to communication challenges.
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Wicked problems can be easily defined and resolved.
Wicked problems can be easily defined and resolved.
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Good managers prefer new staff members to remain silent instead of asking clarifying questions.
Good managers prefer new staff members to remain silent instead of asking clarifying questions.
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The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses only two domains related to personality traits.
The Myers-Briggs Type Indicator assesses only two domains related to personality traits.
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Team members should have a clearly defined role on the team to ensure effective collaboration.
Team members should have a clearly defined role on the team to ensure effective collaboration.
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The MBTI includes a scale that measures the collaboration between team members.
The MBTI includes a scale that measures the collaboration between team members.
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A good team player is recognized for having a sense of humor within an organization.
A good team player is recognized for having a sense of humor within an organization.
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Wicked problems are often solvable with straightforward answers.
Wicked problems are often solvable with straightforward answers.
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The authority to make decisions and implement recommendations is important for effective team members.
The authority to make decisions and implement recommendations is important for effective team members.
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For effective team dynamics, it is unimportant for team members to meet deadlines.
For effective team dynamics, it is unimportant for team members to meet deadlines.
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The Sensing-Intuitive scale is one of the assessments completed in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
The Sensing-Intuitive scale is one of the assessments completed in the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator.
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Study Notes
Chapter 10: Teamwork
- Teamwork is defined as a group of people with complementary skills, committed to a shared approach, mutually accountable, and working together to accomplish a common goal.
Objectives
- Distinguish between face-to-face teams, virtual teams, task forces, and committees.
- Compare and contrast disciplinary, interdisciplinary, and cross-functional teams.
- Discuss challenges of teamwork in healthcare organizations.
- Contrast benefits and costs of face-to-face and virtual teamwork.
- Summarize research on the importance of effective teamwork in healthcare.
- Analyze differences between tame and wicked problems.
- Assess ways to fit into a team and select team members.
- Apply current thinking on emotions to teamwork scenarios.
- Critique strategies for managing communication and conflict within a team.
- Develop a personal development plan for becoming an effective team member.
- Investigate sources of research on teamwork.
Short vs. Long Term
- Different tasks/timeframes lead to different team structures, including cross-functional teams (CFTs), virtual teams, task forces, and committees.
The Challenge
- Formal teamwork training for physicians and nurses is limited.
- Recognized competencies for health care managers include developing teams and facilitating team activities.
- Undergraduate and graduate health care management education programs often lack formal teamwork preparation.
Clinical vs. Managerial
- Conflicts between physicians and nurses sometimes stem from physicians' resistance to teamwork.
- Physicians and nurses typically focus on individual patient care, while managers often address population-level and organizational issues.
Benefits of Effective Teams
- Empowered teams, rewarded for performance, improve coordination and quality of care, use healthcare services efficiently, increase job satisfaction among team members, increase patient satisfaction, and increase productivity.
Surgical Teams
- A multi-site study of 74 Veteran's Health Administration (VHA) facilities linked participation in a VHA Medical Team Training program with lower surgical mortality rates.
Higher Level Managers
- Improved communication, increased productivity, decreased absenteeism, increased job satisfaction, and decreased nursing turnover are beneficial metrics for higher-level managers.
The Costs of Teamwork
- Costs related to meeting time, place, food, and drinks.
- Opportunity costs—the lost value of alternative opportunities.
- Perceived loss of autonomy—feeling constricted or controlled.
- Risk-taking associated with relinquishing control or turf.
- Resistance to organizational change.
Tuckman's Stages
- Forming: Team members orient themselves towards shared goals, tasks, and teammates.
- Storming: Intragroup conflict, dominance, passive-aggression, and resistance to team tasks are common during this stage.
- Performing: Team members work collaboratively, share information, and effectively accomplish team goals.
- Adjourning: Teams conclude and members acknowledge achievements, respect for each other, and mutual sadness at the conclusion of the team.
Virtual Teams
- Remote locations (e.g., rural areas, space stations, Antarctic) necessitate virtual teamwork.
- Healthcare industries use telecommuting for administrative segments like billing, revenue management, and customer service.
Pros and Cons of Virtual Teams
- Pros: Reduced interpersonal conflict, reduced travel, access to diverse employees and talent regardless of geography.
- Cons: Communication challenges, intellectual property issues, careful team member selection, potential issues related to work hours, and defining supervision with HR issues.
Tame vs. Wicked Problems
- Tame problems are defined and solvable.
- Wicked problems are difficult to define, not easily resolved, and may never be fully resolved, with many layers of problems, exemplified in healthcare.
Your New Team Role
- Essential questions to consider when assigned to a team:
- What are the team's goals?
- How will the goals be measured?
- What are the short and long-term deadlines?
- When and where does the team meet?
- Who do you report to?
- What is your role within the team?
- What are your responsibilities in your team role?
Good Managers
- Good managers can support new staff members in clarifying questions and provide guidance and direction.
- Coaching, mentoring, and direction are essential parts of management.
- Seeking insights from a new perspective, including your own, enhances managerial effectiveness.
When You Get to Choose the Team
- Essential qualities of team members:
- Belongs to an area affected by problems.
- Possesses knowledge, skills, and disposition for assigned tasks.
- Clearly defined role for decision-making and implementation.
- Ability to make decisions and implement recommendations.
- Ability to follow through on assignments and meet deadlines.
- Ability to balance departmental and discipline boundaries, and work collaboratively.
- Ability to defuse tensions and diffuse conflict.
- Positive and supportive attitude, with a sense of humor.
- A strong reputation within the organization as a team player.
- Capable of prioritizing organizational goals over individual goals.
- Values and respects the perceptions and ideas of others.
Myers-Briggs Type Indicator
- A personality assessment tool that categorizes individuals based on Jungian psychological types.
- Assesses individuals based on four domains and four subsets in a four-by-four grid (Introversion/Extraversion, Sensing/Intuition, Perceiving/Judging, and Feeling/Thinking).
- This can be used to understand team member differences.
Emotional Contagion
- People in tune with others can rapidly sense and react to emotional cues.
- Women and physicians, according to some studies, show enhanced emotional sensitivity.
- Positive moods can spread among team members.
Leadership and Emotional Contagion
- Enthusiasm, confidence, and optimism are key qualities for leadership.
- Emotionally aware team members can change an organization’s environment, improve employee and patient well-being, and positively influence others through the spread of positive emotions.
Newer EI Terminology
- Goleman transitioned from Emotional Intelligence (EI) to Social Intelligence (SI) in 2006.
- This separated the last two components of EI—social awareness and "social facility"—from social skills.
Participative Work Climate
- Employee fulfillment in participative work units leads to better customer service, fewer clinical errors, and lower rates of staff turnover.
- Patient-centered care demands effective interdisciplinary teamwork.
Eisenhardt, Kahwajy, and Bourgeois (1997)
- Found effective teams use all information available, develop multiple solutions, have shared goals, inject humor, maintain balanced power structures, and focus on facts rather than personality during open dialogue.
Crew Resource Management
- Developed in high-stakes industries like aviation, CRM emphasizes crew attitudes, behavioral changes, and performance optimization.
- Applied to healthcare settings, CRM can enhance team functioning in high-stress and life-dependent environments.
TeamSTEPPS
- TeamSTEPPS is a teamwork system for healthcare professionals aimed at enhancing patient safety.
- An evidence-based solution to improve communication and teamwork skills among healthcare professionals.
- Ready-to-use materials and training curricula.
- Based on 20+ years of research into team dynamics.
Higher Quality, Safer Patient Care
- TeamSTEPPS creates effective medical teams, optimizes information usage, leverages people and resources, and achieves positive patient outcomes.
- TeamSTEPPS increases team awareness, clarifies roles and responsibilities, resolves conflicts, improves information sharing, and eliminates barriers to quality and safety.
Team Processes: How To's
- Team Leader: Asks for ideas, acknowledges input, writes things down, does not interrupt or let others interrupt, asks for criticism, remains calm.
- Team Members: Take assignments, meet deadlines, follow through.
- Critical Elements: The summary of meetings should be shared, and follow-up is essential.
Conflict Management for Teams
- Methods include bargaining, voting, problem-solving, research, and third-party mediation.
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Description
This quiz explores the dynamics of teamwork within the health care sector, focusing on both face-to-face and virtual teams. It delves into the challenges of collaboration, the roles of health care managers, and the implications of team training programs. Assess your understanding of effective team characteristics and the stages of team development in health care settings.
