Health Care Industry Trends

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following is NOT a common application of Artificial Intelligence (AI) in healthcare?

  • Providing medical consultations based on symptoms
  • Analyzing DNA for disease links
  • Developing new medications through clinical trials (correct)
  • Performing robotic surgeries autonomously

What is the primary function of wearable health trackers?

  • Monitor heart rate and activity levels. (correct)
  • Administer medication dosages.
  • Conduct genetic testing for predispositions
  • Perform real-time blood analysis

How do apps like Babylon utilize AI in medical consultations?

  • By directly connecting users with doctors.
  • By using AI to conduct physical examinations remotely
  • By providing users with self-diagnosis options.
  • By analyzing user-reported symptoms against a database of illnesses. (correct)

What is the significance of AI in the context of the Ebola outbreak?

<p>To scan existing medicines for repurposing against the disease. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the key goal of genome editing technologies?

<p>To alter genetic material for therapeutic purposes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the acronym STAR stand for, in the context of robotic surgery?

<p>Smart Tissue Autonomous Robot (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the unique capability of regenerative medicine using 3D printing?

<p>Generating living tissue structures for potential transplants. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a current limitation of 3D printing in regenerative medicine?

<p>Only able to create simple structures, not complex organs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of patient-centered care?

<p>Treating the whole person in conjunction with various wellness professionals (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which dimension of wellness primarily refers to how well an individual manages their work-life balance?

<p>Occupational (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do multidisciplinary teams contribute to healthcare?

<p>By improving communication and reducing medical errors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by the holistic health care approach?

<p>An approach that considers the entire person, including emotional and social factors (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are conventional treatments characterized by?

<p>Extensive research and a systematic approach to proving efficacy and safety (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best captures the nature of wellness programs?

<p>They aim to promote healthier lifestyles and prevent illness (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common misconception about individual wellness?

<p>Everyone's wellness must adhere to the same standards (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of the year 1910 in medical history?

<p>The establishment of strict educational standards for medical practitioners (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a dimension of wellness?

<p>Technological (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What distinguishes CAM treatments from conventional treatments?

<p>Less is known about CAM's efficacy and safety due to fewer research standards (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does laparoscopic surgery primarily aim to achieve?

<p>To enhance the recovery time for patients post-surgery (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of patient care has improved due to the breakdown of traditional hierarchies in healthcare?

<p>Enhanced teamwork and equality among healthcare workers (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which treatment example would be categorized as CAM?

<p>Acupuncture (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the overarching goal of regenerative medicine?

<p>To create living tissue or organs for transplant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary philosophy behind homeopathy?

<p>Like cures like, where a substance causing symptoms can cure those same symptoms. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How do social determinants of health (SDH) affect overall health outcomes?

<p>They impact between 30-55% of health outcomes. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary distinction between equity and equality in healthcare?

<p>Equity provides different resources based on individual needs; equality provides the same resources to everyone. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What steps are involved in the care planning process?

<p>History taking, physical examination, diagnostic tests, diagnosis, treatment, monitoring, and evaluation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Regulated Health Professions Act (RHPA) establish?

<p>Standards of care and scope of practice for health care professionals. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is considered a breach of confidentiality in healthcare?

<p>Sharing patient records without consent for marketing purposes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the core principles established by the Canada Health Act of 1984?

<p>Public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What role do regulatory colleges play in healthcare?

<p>They hold healthcare professionals accountable for their conduct and practice. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the exceptions to patient confidentiality?

<p>Disclosure required to prevent imminent danger to the client or others. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does 'like cures like' refer to in the context of homeopathy?

<p>Using substances that produce symptoms to treat the same symptoms. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is meant by 'socioeconomic status (SES)'?

<p>A combination of education, income, and occupation that defines social standing. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the significance of understanding social determinants of health for healthcare workers?

<p>It helps healthcare workers customize treatments to each patient's needs. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the components of a physical examination?

<p>Height, weight, vital signs, and sensory examinations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the age of consent to medical care in Canada?

<p>There is no specified age of consent. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of the healthcare timeline events in Saskatchewan?

<p>Establishing hospital insurance plans and fundamental healthcare principles. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Artificial Intelligence (AI) in Healthcare

The use of computer systems to simulate human intelligence, enabling machines to learn, think, and make decisions.

Precision Monitoring with AI

AI's ability to identify potential diseases or mutations early in body scans by analyzing medical images.

Wearable Health Trackers

Devices worn on the body to track health data like heart rate and activity levels.

Digital Consultations with AI

Apps that use AI to provide medical advice based on symptoms and medical history.

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AI in Drug Creation

The use of AI to analyze existing medicines and identify potential treatments for diseases.

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Genome Editing

The process of modifying or replacing genetic material (DNA) within an organism.

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Genome Editing for Cancer Treatment

Using genome editing to modify immune cells to fight cancer cells.

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Regenerative Medicine

The use of 3D printing technology to create organs from living cells.

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Holistic Health Care

A health care approach that focuses on the whole person, not just symptoms, and aims to treat the individual's physical, emotional, social, and spiritual needs.

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Multidisciplinary Team

An approach that combines the skills and perspectives of various health professionals to provide comprehensive and coordinated patient care.

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Wellness

A process of becoming aware of your choices and making decisions that help you live a more balanced and fulfilling life. It involves seven interacting dimensions: intellectual, occupational, emotional, spiritual, environmental, physical, and social.

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Laparoscopic Surgery

A type of surgery that involves making small incisions in the abdomen to perform operations, resulting in less invasiveness and a faster recovery time.

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Patient-Centered Care

A treatment approach that emphasizes a patient's active involvement in their care. It prioritizes their needs, values, and preferences in decision-making.

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Wellness Programs

Programs aimed at improving people's health and well-being through lifestyle changes, often including exercise, weight loss, smoking cessation, and disease management plans.

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Conventional Treatments

Standard medical treatments provided by health professionals with an M.D. degree. Includes medication, surgery, physical therapy, psychological counseling, and more.

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Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)

Treatments used in addition to, or instead of, standard medical treatments. They may include acupuncture, yoga, massage, or herbal remedies.

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Homeopathy

A system of medicine that uses highly diluted substances, often derived from natural sources, to stimulate the body's healing processes.

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Acupuncture

The practice of using a needle to stimulate specific points on the body to address pain, relieve symptoms, and promote overall well-being.

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Pet Therapy

A form of therapy that uses animals to provide companionship, emotional support, and therapeutic benefits to individuals.

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Yoga

A system of exercise and mindfulness practices originating in ancient India, known for its physical and mental benefits.

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Reiki

A Japanese energy healing technique involving the practitioner channeling energy to the patient through touch.

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Cupping

A traditional Chinese medicine practice involving suction cups applied to the skin to increase blood flow and promote healing.

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Saskatchewan Pioneers Public Health Insurance (1947)

The first provincial hospital insurance plan in Canada, offering coverage for hospital services to all Saskatchewan residents.

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Canada Health Act (1984)

An act that established the core principles of Canada's healthcare system: public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility.

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Social Determinants of Health (SDH)

Factors that influence health outcomes, like socioeconomic status, neighborhood environment, and food security.

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Socioeconomic Status (SES)

The social standing of an individual or group, often measured through a combination of education, income, and occupation.

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Food Security

The ability to access adequate food for a healthy and active life.

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Equality

Providing the same things for everyone, regardless of their needs.

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Equity

Providing different things based on individual needs, recognizing that everyone's requirements differ.

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Taking a History

The first step in health care planning, gathering information about the patient's symptoms, medical history, and lifestyle.

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Physical Examination

Using physical examination methods, like observing, feeling, and listening to the patient's body, to identify clues about their health.

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Diagnostic Tests

Utilizing tests and tools to confirm or rule out diagnoses, like blood tests or imaging scans.

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Making a Diagnosis

Determining the illness, injury, or disease based on the gathered information and test results.

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Giving Treatments

Prescribing treatments to address the diagnosed issue, including conventional medicine and/or complementary and alternative medicine (CAM).

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Monitoring

Observing the patient's response to treatment, potentially adjusting the care plan and re-evaluating their condition.

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Evaluating the Effect of Treatment

Evaluating the effectiveness of the treatment plan and potentially adjusting or ending the treatment.

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Study Notes

  • Technology Trend: AI simulates human intelligence in machines for thinking, learning, and decision-making. Precision monitoring uses AI to detect early disease signals in body scans, identifying mutations and disease links in DNA. AI can spot early cancer and predict future health issues. Wearable trackers monitor heart rate and activity, sending alerts and sharing data with doctors. Digital consultation apps like Babylon use AI, personal medical history, and common medical knowledge to provide consultations. Drug development via clinical trials (often taking >10 years and billions) can be accelerated by AI. AI-powered programs can re-purpose existing drugs for diseases like Ebola. Genome editing modifies an organism's genetic material (DNA) potentially enhancing immune systems to fight cancer. Robotic surgery using the STAR bot can perform certain procedures like tissue sewing, but requires significant human oversight. 3D printing (regenerative medicine) creates organs by injecting living cells into printed models. Current progress allows for simple structures like ears and meniscus but not complex organs like the heart.

Patient-Centered Care

  • Multidisciplinary Teams: Collaborative teams minimize errors and improve patient safety, reducing burnout by breaking down traditional hierarchies. Holistic care treats the "whole" person, not just symptoms or the disease. Patient-centered care prioritizes patient needs during treatment, using multidisciplinary approaches, and considering multiple wellness factors.

Wellness

  • Wellness: An active, lifelong process of making balanced, fulfilling choices, considering seven interacting dimensions (intellectual, occupational, emotional, spiritual, environmental, physical, social). Optimal wellness varies by individual needs, experiences, and circumstances. Wellness programs improve health through lifestyle changes like exercise, weight loss, and quitting smoking.

Historical Context and Treatment Approaches

  • CAM vs. Conventional Treatment: The distinction between conventional and complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) treatments. Conventional treatments are established by professionals with M.D. (Medicine, speech therapy, physio therapy, etc.). CAM treatments are practices used in addition to, or instead of, conventional treatments. CAM practitioners and doctors initially viewed each other as not on equal footing. Now, both complement each other and work collaboratively towards better patient treatment and wellness. A significant turning point occurred in 1910 as medical schools introduced strict standards for qualifying as doctors.

Healthcare Timeline

  • 1947: Saskatchewan Pioneers Public Health Insurance implemented a provincial hospital insurance plan.
  • 1984: Canada's Health Act ensured public administration, comprehensiveness, universality, portability, and accessibility of healthcare. It prohibited extra billing and user fees.

Social Determinants of Health (SDH)

  • SDH: Non-medical conditions influence health outcomes. SDH account for 30-55% of health outcomes. SDH examples include socioeconomic status (SES, measured by education, income, occupation), neighborhood, and environment.

Care Planning Process

  • Steps of Care Planning:
  • History-taking (symptoms, family history, travel, medications, allergies, activity, substance use, medical history, sleep, job, stress, sexual health, pregnancy)
  • Physical examination (height, weight, vital signs, sensory observations for clues)
  • Diagnostic testing
  • Diagnosis
  • Treatment (conventional and/or CAM)
  • Monitoring treatment effectiveness
  • Evaluating treatment outcomes.

Standards of Care

  • RHPA (Regulated Health Professions Act): Regulates the standard of care and scope of practice for 26 health professions in Ontario via regulatory "colleges". It defines the scope of practice, regulates colleges, outlines complaints procedures, and reviews decisions and appeals. Advises the Ministry of Health on health professions regulation.

Confidentiality

  • Confidentiality: Patient information must remain private. Exceptions include preventing imminent danger to oneself or others, suspected child abuse or abuse of people lacking capacity, and legal requirements (like a driver's blood alcohol test).

Ethics in Healthcare

  • Ethics in Healthcare: Ethical practice considers all involved feelings and needs, ensuring respect for individuals and their rights.
  • Age of Consent: No universal legal medical consent age exists in Canada.

Financial Impacts on Access

  • Money and Health: Wealth can significantly impact healthcare access and outcomes. Covered and non-covered treatments and services differ in out-of-pocket costs

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