Health Care History and Spending Overview

Questions and Answers

What was established by the Public Health Act in 1907?

The first hospital in Alberta

The Alberta Health Care Insurance Act

The provincial board of health (correct)

Charitable organizations for health care

Which percentage of health care spending in Alberta is allocated to hospitals?

25.5% (correct)

12.8%

41.9%

15.3%

What is the primary characteristic of Canada's health care system?

Publicly funded with private provision (correct)

Exclusively administered by the government

Only offers emergency services

Completely privately funded

What does Ralph Klein's Third Way propose for health care?

A choice between public and private health funding Signup and view all the answers

How much did health care spending in Alberta rise to by 2023?

$41.9 billion Signup and view all the answers

Which type of health care is used in conjunction with traditional medicine?

Complementary health care Signup and view all the answers

What proportion of Canadians’ health care is financed through the private sector?

30% Signup and view all the answers

What does the Canada Health Act guarantee?

Coverage for medically necessary physician and hospital services Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of people with good mental health?

They feel good about themselves Signup and view all the answers

Which component is NOT part of emotional intelligence?

Masochism Signup and view all the answers

What is self-actualization characterized by?

Realism and acceptance Signup and view all the answers

What does self-esteem refer to?

Beliefs and emotions about self-worth Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes mental health?

Capacity to enjoy life and manage challenges Signup and view all the answers

Which need is placed last in Maslow's Hierarchy?

Self-actualization Signup and view all the answers

What is a key factor of social wellness?

Social bonds Signup and view all the answers

How can one perceive reality according to the mentally healthy?

As it truly is Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following are considered anxiety disorders?

Panic disorder Signup and view all the answers

What type of depression is characterized as chronic mild depression?

Dysthymia Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is associated with alterations in thinking, mood, or behavior?

Mental illness Signup and view all the answers

What is a major risk factor for individuals at risk of suicide?

Lack of support networks Signup and view all the answers

Which option does NOT help someone struggling with mental health issues?

Judging emotions as invalid Signup and view all the answers

What therapy focuses on changing negative thought patterns to improve mental health?

Cognitive-behavioural therapy Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following symptoms is NOT typically associated with depression?

Increased energy Signup and view all the answers

Which type of wellness is associated with beliefs and values that guide coping skills?

Spiritual wellness Signup and view all the answers

Which initiative expanded the definition of health to include aspects like peace and social justice?

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion Signup and view all the answers

What does the term 'wellness' primarily emphasize?

Optimal enhancement of health dimensions Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the core concepts of the Transtheoretical Model?

Prevention strategies Signup and view all the answers

According to traditional definitions, health is defined as:

Absence of illness or disease Signup and view all the answers

What is an important factor influencing wellness mentioned in the content?

Access to quality education Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following stages is NOT part of the Stages of Change in the Transtheoretical Model?

Reincarnation Signup and view all the answers

What best describes the process of behavior change according to the content?

Slow, deliberate, and time-consuming Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does NOT impact health according to the content?

Personal dietary restrictions Signup and view all the answers

What characterizes the Pre-Contemplation stage in the Transtheoretical Model?

Self-efficacy is at its lowest. Signup and view all the answers

In the Action stage, how does self-efficacy typically manifest?

Self-efficacy is high, supporting commitment to changes. Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary focus of Decisional Balance in the Transtheoretical Model?

Evaluating the pros and cons of changing behavior. Signup and view all the answers

What does the Maintenance stage represent in terms of behavior change?

Sustaining behavioral changes for 6 months or more. Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of change implies that the individual is 'blinded' by the pros of their behavior?

Pre-Contemplation Signup and view all the answers

Which statement best describes the term 'Relapse' within the context of behavior change?

Returning to an unhealthy behavior or failing to maintain healthy ones. Signup and view all the answers

What does a high level of self-efficacy indicate in the context of behavior change?

An individual feels competent to make necessary changes. Signup and view all the answers

Why might someone in the Preparation stage be considered as lacking confidence?

They are only just beginning to plan actions. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Health and Health Care

Growth in health care began in the 19th century with charitable organizations.
The Gray Nuns were among the first public health practitioners in the area.
Dr. McKay became Alberta's first doctor in 1865.
Fort McLeod established its first hospital in 1874.
The Public Health Act of 1907 led to the creation of the provincial board of health.
The Alberta Health Care Insurance Act was enacted in 1969, marking a significant milestone.

Health Care Spending

Health care spending escalated from 5.49 billion in 1999/2000 to 41.9 billion in 2023.
The surge in spending is significantly attributed to the COVID-19 pandemic.
Anticipations suggest continued growth in spending due to increasing population and life expectancy.

Allocation of Health Care Funds

25.5% of health care spending is allocated to hospitals.
Drug costs and supplemental health benefits consume 12.8% of spending.
Physician services account for 15.3% of health care expenditures.

Alberta's Health Care System

Governed by the Canada Health Act, ensuring full coverage for medically necessary services and specific oral surgeries.
Canadian health care is primarily publicly funded while most services are delivered privately.
Approximately 30% of health care in Canada is financed by the private sector.

Ralph Klein's Third Way

This model offers a hybrid of private and public health care, providing choices for patients.
Criticisms highlight its inefficacy as it occupies hospital resources without significantly improving access to care.

Complementary and Alternative Health Care

Encompasses all health care methods not recognized by mainstream allopathic medicine.
Typically employs a holistic approach with two main categories:
- Complementary: Used alongside traditional medical treatments.
- Alternative: Replacement for conventional medical care.

Research and Health Insights

Studies indicate minimal correlation between excessive health care spending and population health.
Emphasis on promotion and preventive measures is essential for maintaining health, especially in older populations.
Social determinants such as income and lifestyle significantly affect health outcomes.

Defining Health

Traditional view defines health as the absence of illness.
The World Health Organization defines health as complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease.

Lalonde's Health Perspective (1974)

Health determined by four key factors: biology, environment, lifestyle, and medical care organization.

Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion (1986)

Expanded WHO's health definition to include essential conditions like peace, shelter, education, and social justice.

Understanding Wellness

Wellness is a conscious lifestyle choice emphasizing personal responsibility and the promotion of health across various dimensions.
Achieved through healthy behavior adoption and overcoming unhealthy habits.

Lifestyle Management

Key factors influencing wellness include genetics, environment, health care access, culture, and lifestyle practices.
Behavior change in lifestyle management is crucial and often slow and deliberate.

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

Developed by Prochaska in 1979, it illustrates behavior change as a process occurring through discrete stages.
Core concepts include:
- Stages of Change: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance, and Termination.
- Processes of Change: Activities that facilitate movement through the stages.
- Self-Efficacy: Confidence in coping with high-risk situations.
- Decisional Balance: Weighing pros and cons for behavior change.

Stages of Change Overview

Precontemplation: Unaware of the problem; low self-efficacy.
Contemplation: Aware of the behavior yet uncommitted, but pros and cons are balanced.
Preparation: Intent to change in the near future; some actions taken.
Action: Active modification of behavior within six months; sufficient self-efficacy.
Maintenance: Sustained change for over six months; less temptation.
Termination: Deeply ingrained behavior change; not reached by all.

Emotional Health

Characteristics of emotionally healthy individuals include determination, compassion, and intimate relationships.
Emotional intelligence involves self-awareness, empathy, and the ability to manage emotions.

Mental Health and Wellness

Mental wellness reflects the ability to enjoy life and manage stress.
Key attributes include self-esteem, relationship management, and fulfilling work.

Psychological Disorders Overview

Common disorders include anxiety disorders, mood disorders, eating disorders, and schizophrenia.
Depression is the most prevalent mental health issue with various symptoms and forms.
Suicide rates are significant among youth, necessitating awareness and support.

Understanding Mental Illness

Mental health encompasses a balanced perception of reality, self-acceptance, and fulfilling relationships.
Various external factors, including stress, can contribute to mental health challenges.

Seeking Help and Treatment Options

Support networks play a vital role in mental health; mental health professionals include psychiatrists and psychologists.
Treatment modalities comprise psychotherapy, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and medication.

Social wellness is influenced by bonds and supports; spiritual wellness serves as a compass for beliefs and values, enhancing coping skills and overall wellness.

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Description

Explore the evolution of health care in Alberta, from the establishment of charitable organizations in the 19th century to the significant growth in health care spending across the years. This quiz highlights important milestones including the Public Health Act and the Alberta Health Care Insurance Act.