Health Care Economics Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is a key reason for the licensing of doctors?

  • To provide a method of reducing healthcare costs
  • To ensure that only highly educated individuals can practice medicine (correct)
  • To allow more competition among healthcare providers
  • To increase the number of doctors available in a community

    • What is an example of intermediate inputs used in hospitals?

  • Anesthetics (correct)
  • Hospital beds
  • X-ray machines
  • Doctor's qualifications

    • How do the goals of doctors differ from those of gas station owners?

  • Gas stations are more regulated than medical practices
  • Doctors are motivated by profit maximization, while gas stations prioritize quality
  • Gas station owners often require extensive educational qualifications
  • Doctors are typically not focused on maximizing their profits (correct)

    • What might be a negative consequence of licensing physicians?

    <p>It creates a barrier that can limit competition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What validates the quality of a doctor's service to patients?

    <p>The educational credentials displayed</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the licensing of gas station owners differ from that of doctors, according to the provided information?

    <p>Licensing for doctors is aimed at ensuring quality rather than increasing market power</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of capital goods are mentioned as being integral in hospitals?

    <p>Diagnostic tools</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What underlying motivation can be inferred regarding the supply of healthcare providers?

    <p>To prioritize profit maximization as a business goal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of health care distinguishes it from most other goods and services?

    <p>It represents a unique investment for future wellbeing.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the mortality rate differ between age groups according to the given data?

    <p>The mortality rate generally increases with age.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What behavior is associated with an increased probability of dying?

    <p>Smoking cigarettes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of mortality rates in infants is mentioned in the content?

    <p>The mortality risk decreases after the first year.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following behaviors can reduce mortality according to the content?

    <p>Avoiding smoking.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary factor in predicting mortality rates that can be influenced by personal choices?

    <p>Diet and exercise behaviors.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of mortality rate is seen in the 15-24 age group as per the data provided?

    <p>0.08 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of health as an investment, which of the following behaviors can be categorized as harmful?

    <p>Smoking cigarettes excessively.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of some private hospitals?

    <p>Some are classified as not-for-profit institutions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which innovation aspect includes the introduction of new surgical techniques?

    <p>Process innovations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medical imaging technique is considered a significant technological advancement?

    <p>MRI</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was a common risk associated with earlier hernia surgeries?

    <p>High risk for postoperative infections</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does 'capital stock' in health care include?

    <p>Pharmaceutical production facilities and medical machinery</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of innovations contribute to the vast array of drugs now available on the market?

    <p>Product innovations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What purpose do laparoscopes serve in modern surgeries?

    <p>To enhance the visibility of internal organs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How has the process of hernia surgery changed from the past to today?

    <p>Surgeons can now perform less invasive surgeries.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key principle of the Hippocratic Oath regarding patient care?

    <p>To ensure no harm is done to patients under any circumstances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which group constitutes the majority of the workforce in healthcare facilities?

    <p>Nursing care personnel</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What percentage of all civilian workers in the United States are employed in the healthcare industry?

    <p>10 percent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a type of occupation within the healthcare field?

    <p>Professors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of facility is primarily associated with a significant employment sector for healthcare workers?

    <p>Hospitals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one factor that contributes to wage variation within the healthcare sector?

    <p>The different occupations of workers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the ownership of hospitals?

    <p>Ownership can be complex and varies widely.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of a health service establishment?

    <p>Medical clinic</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the 'PRE' in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model primarily involve?

    <p>Assessing community factors that influence health behaviors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes the aim of PROCEED in the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

    <p>To design, implement, and evaluate health programs based on identified needs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is involved in the ecological assessment of the PRECEDE phase?

    <p>Analyzing behavioral and environmental determinants affecting health</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary focus of the impact evaluation in the PROCEED phase?

    <p>Evaluating the behavior change resulting from the program</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of PRECEDE involves identifying health determinants of social problems?

    <p>Epidemiological assessment</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'administrative and policy factors' refer to in the PRECEDE model?

    <p>Regulatory structures that impact program feasibility</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes a key goal of the PRECEDE-PROCEED model?

    <p>Ensure a responsive and resilient healthcare system through collaboration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is not a part of the process evaluation in the PROCEED phase?

    <p>Evaluating the initial social problems of the community</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    ### Health Care Demand

    • Spending on health care is an investment with future benefits.
    • Mortality rates increase with age showing the impact of healthcare choices.
    • Lifestyle choices greatly influence mortality rates, such as smoking or diet.
    • Avoiding unhealthy behaviors is investing in your future.

    Supply of Health Care

    • Doctors
      • Have a rigorous education and licensing process.
      • Licensing limits competition but ensures quality.
      • Doctors are guided by the Hippocratic Oath to prioritize patient well-being.
    • Other Health Care Workers
      • The industry employs a diverse workforce including nurses, technicians, and administrative staff.
      • Hospitals are the main employer and women constitute a majority of the workforce.
      • Wages vary across different occupations within the sector.
    • Health Care Capital
      • The industry includes various establishments: hospitals, clinics, nursing homes, etc.
      • Ownership of hospitals is mixed: public, private, and non-profit.
      • Pharmaceutical production facilities and medical equipment manufacturers contribute to the capital stock.

    Technological Progress

    • Product Innovations
      • New drugs and medical devices are developed through research and development.
      • Modern technology has significantly advanced healthcare, such as MRI machines.
    • Process Innovations
      • Surgical procedures have evolved significantly in recent years, becoming less invasive and more effective.
      • Laparoscopy is an example of an innovative approach in surgery.
    • Sustaining the Supply of Healthcare Services
      • Requires a multi-faceted approach involving policymakers, healthcare providers, and stakeholders.

    Models of Service Utilization

    • PRECEDE/PROCEED Model
      • Provides a framework for assessing health needs and planning public health programs.
      • PRECEDE (Planning Phase)
        • Involves assessing social, epidemiological, ecological, and administrative factors.
        • Identifies target population, determinants of health, and appropriate interventions.
      • PROCEED (Implementation and Evaluation Phase)
        • Focuses on program implementation, process evaluation, impact evaluation, and outcome evaluation.
        • Assesses program reach, behavior change, and health outcomes.
    • Andersen's Model
      • This model explores factors influencing health services utilization, including predisposing, enabling, and need factors.
      • Predisposing factors include individual beliefs, values, and attitudes.
      • Enabling factors relate to resources and opportunities influencing health service access.
      • Need factors represent the perceived health status and need for care.

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    Lecture 2 HSD 501 Supply And Demand PDF

    Description

    Explore the critical aspects of health care demand and supply in this quiz. Understand how spending on health care is not just an expense but an investment in the future. Additionally, learn about the roles of various health care professionals and the structure of health care services.

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