Health Behavior Change Theories Quiz
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary purpose of health behaviour change theories?

  • To provide guidelines for medication usage
  • To focus solely on physical health improvements
  • To explain and predict behaviour and suggest ways to change it (correct)
  • To determine the financial costs of health interventions

Which of the following models falls under the category of continuum models?

  • Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB)
  • The Transtheoretical Model (TTM)
  • The Behaviour Change Wheel (COM-B)
  • The Health Belief Model (HBM) (correct)

What does the Health Belief Model (HBM) emphasize as influences on behaviour change?

  • Historical health data and statistics
  • Environmental factors and government policies
  • Social support and economic status
  • Beliefs about disease risk and perceived benefits of action (correct)

Which type of model allows individuals to move between different stages of behaviour change?

<p>Stage models (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a dynamic model in health behaviour change?

<p>The Behaviour Change Wheel (COM-B) (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a strength of the comprehensive approach in behavior change interventions?

<p>It considers both environmental and intra-individual changes. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which limitation is noted regarding newer models of behavior change?

<p>The evidence supporting them is still emerging. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of designing interventions, what component is emphasized by the Behaviour Change Wheel?

<p>Analyzing behavior in context to select an appropriate mix of options. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which health behavior model requires an understanding of various components to effectively change behavior?

<p>The Health Belief Model. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the Transtheoretical Model in the context of health behavior change?

<p>It identifies stages individuals go through in changing behavior. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which component does not play a significant role in automatic motivation regarding hand cleanliness?

<p>Physical capability (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key method to enhance capability for regulating handwashing behavior?

<p>Setting personal health goals (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which strategy best supports the opportunity to engage in the behavior of hand sanitization?

<p>Making gel dispensers widely available (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What should be avoided to maximize opportunities for self-regulation in hand hygiene?

<p>Exposing individuals to negative behavior cues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is crucial for changing routine and environment to facilitate long-term behavior change?

<p>Incorporating rewards for change (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is essential for influencing a person’s motivation to perform the desired behavior according to the COM-B model?

<p>Modifying both perceived capabilities and opportunities (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which approach helps to foster automatic motivation in habitual behaviors like hand washing?

<p>Encouraging the development of routines (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key outcome of combining changes in perceived capabilities and opportunities?

<p>Long-term adoption of new behaviors (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key characteristic of the stages outlined in the TTM?

<p>Individuals may shift back and forth between stages. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which intervention is appropriate during the Pre-contemplation stage?

<p>Validate lack of readiness. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Maintenance stage primarily focus on?

<p>Planning for follow-up support. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a strength of the TTM?

<p>It allows for intervention tailoring based on stages. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) integrate into its model?

<p>Components of Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage does a health professional encourage evaluation of pros and cons?

<p>Contemplation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a critical intervention for individuals in the Action stage?

<p>Combat feelings of loss. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which limitation of the TTM is highlighted in the critique?

<p>It assumes a rational thought process in all individuals. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is an appropriate technique for patients experiencing a relapse?

<p>Focus on successful parts of their plan. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about health programs is true according to the TTM?

<p>Programs that match the individual's stage are more successful. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is defined as behavior performed by an individual to protect, promote, or maintain health, regardless of perceived health status?

<p>Health behavior (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which model emphasizes the impact of perceived susceptibility and severity on health behavior?

<p>Health Belief Model (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of the population in Ireland is reported to smoke as of 2019?

<p>23% (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

According to the content, what is a major contributor to the development of lung cancers?

<p>Smoking (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do many health-related behaviors present challenges for change?

<p>Habits are often deeply ingrained (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of chronic diseases in Ireland, which of the following statements is accurate?

<p>Half of those over 50 have at least one chronic disease. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of health behavior influences its effectiveness in public health programs?

<p>The understanding of health behaviors and their context (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following groups is most likely to be affected by being overweight or obese according to the information provided?

<p>61% of all adults and 25% of 3-year-olds (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the strengths of the Health Belief Model?

<p>It fosters the understanding of health constructs for non-psychologists. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which limitation of the Health Belief Model relates to its assumptions about human behaviour?

<p>It assumes all individuals act logically in their health choices. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the context of the Health Belief Model, what is the required first step for a patient considering back surgery?

<p>Acknowledge that a health threat exists. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes the 'stage of change' construct in the Transtheoretical Model (TTM)?

<p>It highlights the varying readiness among individuals to adopt healthful behaviours. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What aspect is notably neglected by the Health Belief Model?

<p>Social and environmental influences on behaviour. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of predictions does the Health Belief Model aim to make?

<p>It makes testable predictions regarding behaviour changes based on perceived threats and benefits. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the implications of the Transtheoretical Model?

<p>Readiness to change varies significantly among individuals. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which is a potential misconception regarding the Health Belief Model?

<p>It provides a comprehensive guide for all health-related behaviours. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Health Behaviour

Actions people take to maintain, protect, or improve their health, regardless of their perceived health status.

Preventable Chronic Diseases

Chronic diseases that are largely preventable through lifestyle changes.

Health Belief Model

A model that helps explain why people adopt or maintain healthy behaviors based on perceived threats, benefits, and barriers.

Transtheoretical Model (Stages of Change)

A model that describes the stages of change people go through when adopting a new behavior, from pre-contemplation to maintenance.

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Capability (COM-B)

The ability to perform an action, including the physical, psychological, and social factors involved.

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Motivation (COM-B)

The psychological drive or incentive to change a behavior.

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Opportunity (COM-B)

The factors that influence the likelihood of performing a specific behavior in a particular situation.

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Behavioural Medicine

Public health programs that focus on understanding and influencing health behaviors.

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What is a theory?

A set of interrelated ideas that explain or predict how things work by showing how different factors are connected.

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Why are health behaviour theories important?

Theories of health behaviour help us understand why people do what they do regarding their health and how we can influence them to make positive changes.

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What is the Health Belief Model?

This model suggests that people's beliefs about their risk of getting a disease and the benefits of taking action influence their willingness to change.

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What is the Transtheoretical Model?

This model outlines the stages people go through when changing a behaviour, from not thinking about it to maintaining the new behaviour.

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What is the Behaviour Change Wheel?

This model combines different aspects of behaviour change, including capabilities, motivation, and opportunities, to understand and influence behaviour effectively.

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Acknowledging a Health Threat

The first step in the Health Belief Model is recognizing that a health problem exists and that it could be a threat. It's about acknowledging the need for action.

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Stages of Change (Transtheoretical Model)

The Transtheoretical Model (TTM) suggests that people are at different stages of readiness to change their behavior and that these stages progress in a predictable manner.

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Precontemplation

This stage in the Stages of Change model signifies the individual's lack of awareness or intention to change their behavior. They may not even think there's a problem.

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Contemplation

In this stage of the Stages of Change model, individuals are aware of the need for change but are not yet committed to taking action. They may be starting to think about it but haven't made any concrete plans.

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Preparation

This stage in the Stages of Change model indicates that the individual has made a decision to change their behavior and has begun to take concrete steps toward that change.

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Action

This stage in the Stages of Change model marks the period when the individual is actively changing their behavior and has been consistent with their efforts for at least six months.

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Maintenance

This stage in the Stages of Change model represents the individual's sustained commitment to their new behavior, lasting more than six months without relapsing.

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Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

A model that assumes people's beliefs change over time and identifies five stages of change involved in adopting new behaviors.

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Pre-contemplation Stage (TTM)

This stage occurs when a person is unaware of a problem or is not ready to change their behavior.

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Contemplation Stage (TTM)

This stage involves acknowledging a problem and considering change, though no action is taken yet.

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Preparation Stage (TTM)

This stage involves planning for change and taking initial steps towards the new behavior.

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Action Stage (TTM)

This stage is when the new behavior is actively implemented, and the person makes consistent efforts.

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Maintenance Stage (TTM)

This stage involves maintaining the new behavior over time and preventing relapse.

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Relapse Stage (TTM)

This stage refers to the possibility of returning to a previous stage of change and abandoning the new behavior.

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Stage-Matched Interventions

A technique that involves adjusting health programs and interventions to match each person's stage of change for better results.

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Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW)

The Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW) model is a framework that synthesizes previous models to understand behavior change by focusing on capability, opportunity, and motivation.

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What is Automatic Motivation?

Automatic motivation refers to the emotions and impulses that arise from learned associations or innate tendencies, often driving behavior without conscious thought.

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What is Physical Capability in COM-B?

Physical capability refers to the physical skills and abilities necessary to perform a certain action. For example, being able to physically reach a hand sanitizer dispenser.

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What is Psychological Capability in COM-B?

Psychological capability refers to the mental skills and knowledge needed to perform a behavior. For example, knowing the correct handwashing technique.

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What is Reflective Motivation in COM-B?

Reflective motivation refers to deliberate and conscious motivation based on beliefs, values, and goals. For example, being aware of how handwashing reduces disease transmission.

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What is Physical Opportunity in COM-B?

Physical opportunity refers to the availability of resources and environments that enable a behavior. For example, having access to hand sanitizer dispensers.

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What is Social Opportunity in COM-B?

Social opportunity refers to the social influences and support that can encourage or discourage a behavior. For example, seeing healthcare professionals use hand sanitizer.

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What is the COM-B Model?

COM-B stands for Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation. It's a framework for understanding and changing behavior by analyzing these key factors.

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How can we use the COM-B Model for behavior change?

Interventions aiming to change behavior should focus on maximizing capability, opportunity, and motivation. This maximizes the chances of successful and lasting behavior change.

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What is the Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW)?

A framework that outlines the components needed to design effective interventions for changing behaviour. It combines psychological and social factors.

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What are the key advantages of using the BCW?

The BCW highlights the importance of considering factors like capability, opportunity, and motivation when changing behaviour. It emphasizes a comprehensive approach.

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How does the BCW approach behaviour change in a flexible way?

It acknowledges that interventions need to be tailored to the specific context, including individual characteristics and environmental influences.

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What is a limitation of the BCW?

As a relatively new model, ongoing research is needed to gather more evidence and refine its application.

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What is the core principle of the BCW?

The BCW advocates for a systematic approach to designing behaviour change interventions by considering various factors that influence behaviour.

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Study Notes

Health Behaviour: Principles of Behavioural Medicine

  • Health behaviour is defined as behaviour performed by an individual, regardless of perceived health status, to protect, promote, or maintain health (Harris and Guten 1997).
  • Chronic diseases are largely preventable.
  • In Ireland in 2019, half of those over 50 had at least one chronic disease; 95% of lung cancers are caused by smoking; 23% of the population smoked; 46% did enough physical activity; 61% of adults and 25% of 3-year-olds were overweight or obese; 85% had at least one unhealthy behaviour, and 46% had at least two.
  • Successful public health programs are based on understanding health behaviours in their contexts.
  • Interventions need to understand relevant behaviour change theories and their practical application.
  • Theoretical models explain and predict health behaviors:
    • Continuum models (e.g., Health Belief Model)
    • Stage models (e.g., Transtheoretical Model)
    • Dynamic models (e.g., Behaviour Change Wheel)
    • Cognitive vs. social cognitive models

Health Belief Model (HBM)

  • People's beliefs about risks and benefits of actions affect their readiness to act.
  • Key factors include:
    • Perceived susceptibility to illness
    • Perceived severity of illness
    • Perceived benefits of action
    • Perceived barriers to action
    • Cues to action
    • Health motivation
  • Using HBM in doctor-patient communication:
    • Encourage patients to reflect on health concerns and related behaviours.
    • Assess current and future susceptibility to illness.
    • Assess severity of current health problem or potential future illness.

Transtheoretical Model (TTM)

  • Recognizes distinct stages of change in behaviours.
  • Five stages: Precontemplation, Contemplation, Preparation, Action, Maintenance.
  • Behavior change is considered dynamic: individuals may move back and forth between stages, influenced by internal and external factors (e.g. social support, environment factors)
  • Can be used in a variety of health-related behaviours (e.g smoking, alcohol, exercise).
  • Stages of change can guide interventions tailored toward specific stages.

Behaviour Change Wheel (BCW)

  • A comprehensive framework integrating various behavioural change models.

  • Links behaviours to the interacting system of Capability, Opportunity, and Motivation.

  • Components of COM-B:

    • Capability (e.g., physical and psychological capacities)
    • Opportunity (e.g., physical and social environment factors)
    • Motivation (e.g., reflective and automatic motivations)

  • Interventions are mapped to the COM-B to address specific behaviour change needs.

  • In identifying suitable approaches: Interventions must maximize each component of behaviour change.

    • Maximize capability (skills, training)
    • Maximize opportunity (environment, support)
    • Increase motivation (appropriate beliefs, positive feelings)

Critique of Models

  • HBM assumes logical reasoning in relation to risks, and lacks consideration of social factors
  • TTM is comprehensive, and recognizes challenges individuals face during behaviour change, and identifies stages of change, but assumes rational thinking and lacks consideration of social context.
  • BCW is a comprehensive framework to address behaviour change considering capability, opportunity and motivation, but is newer and longitudinal research remains limited.

Current Use and Clinical Significance

  • The models guide interventions:
    • Training hospital staff in smoking cessation.
    • Training based on stages of change and motivational interviewing techniques
  • Behaviour change does not happen in isolation, it's influenced by context of other behaviours (networks)

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Description

Test your knowledge on the fundamental theories of health behavior change. This quiz covers various models, their classifications, and key concepts that influence behavior change. Enhance your understanding of how health behavior change frameworks operate.

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