Health Assessment Module 2.5
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Questions and Answers

Which term refers to the physical change and increase in size of an individual?

  • Maturation
  • Differentiation
  • Development
  • Growth (correct)

    • What is a critical factor influencing both growth and development?

  • Level of education
  • Exposure to technology
  • Socioeconomic status
  • Genetic factors (correct)

    • According to developmental theories, which of the following reflects a typical sequence of development?

  • Continuous and orderly (correct)
  • Intermittent and sporadic
  • Random and unpredictable
  • Disorganized and fluctuating

    • Who developed a theory suggesting that child development is primarily directed by genetics?

    <p>Arnold Gesell</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage describes the progression from simple responses to specific and skilled responses in development?

    <p>Differentiated development stage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of development reflects an increase in complexity of function and skill progression?

    <p>Biophysical development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term best describes the predictable sequence of stages in human growth, although their timing may vary?

    <p>Typical growth pattern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a factor influencing growth and development?

    <p>Weather patterns</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the five stages of Sigmund Freud's Psychosexual Development Theory?

    <p>Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines how a child's personality develops, according to Freud?

    <p>How parents handle children's basic desires</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which stage involves pleasure derived from the mouth and sucking?

    <p>Oral</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of Erik Erikson's theory compared to Freud's?

    <p>Identity development</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term did Freud use to describe the underlying psychic energy driving human development?

    <p>Libido</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage do children focus on same-sex peer relationships?

    <p>Latency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does Erikson's theory differ from Freud's theory?

    <p>It incorporates the entire lifespan.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the age range for the Anal stage in Freud's theory?

    <p>18 months to 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'maturation' refer to in the context of child development?

    <p>The process governed by intrinsic factors, mainly genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of these sequences correctly describes the order of physical control development after birth?

    <p>Control over lips and tongues, then eye movements, then neck.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During which stage of development does a child's behavior primarily become purposeful?

    <p>Infancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At what age range does 'toddlerhood' occur?

    <p>1 - 3 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What significant change occurs during the school-age stage of development?

    <p>Influence of peer groups on behavior increases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the psychosocial changes in adolescence?

    <p>Physical growth and self-concept undergo significant changes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characterizes the young-adulthood stage?

    <p>Development of personal lifestyle and relationships.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age range corresponds to the 'middle-old' category of older adulthood?

    <p>75 - 84 years</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the virtue associated with the stage of infancy?

    <p>Hope</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In early childhood, what is the primary indicator of negative resolution?

    <p>Compulsive self-restraint</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which phase involves a conflict between identity and role confusion?

    <p>Adolescence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary positive indicator of resolution during the school age stage?

    <p>Competence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which virtue is highlighted in the stage of young adulthood?

    <p>Love</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What negative outcome may result from unresolved conflicts during adulthood?

    <p>Self-concern</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At maturity, what is the primary positive indicator of resolution?

    <p>Acceptance of worth</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common indicator of negative resolution during late childhood?

    <p>Guilt</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which stage is the primary conflict about learning assertiveness in relationships?

    <p>Late childhood</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the virtue associated with the adulthood stage?

    <p>Care</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Module 2.5: Ensuring Accuracy and Completeness of Health Assessment Data

    • Learning Outcome: Ensure accuracy, completeness, and integrity of health assessment data.
    • Topic Outline: Developmental Assessment, Psychological Assessment, Functional Assessment, Pain Assessment

    Developmental Assessment

    • Objectives:
      • Differentiate between growth and development
      • Describe principles related to growth and development
      • List factors influencing growth and development
      • Describe stages of growth and development according to various theories

    Growth

    • Definition: Physical change and increase in size
    • Indicators: Height, weight, bone size, dentition, sensory adaptation, development of sexual organs and characteristics
    • Growth rate: Very rapid during prenatal, neonatal, infancy, and adolescence

    Development

    • Definition: Increase in complexity of function and skill progression
    • Behavioral aspects: A person develops ability to walk, talk, run, and think
    • Developmental stages:
      • Lifts head (90°) while lying on stomach: 2.2 months
      • Rolls over: 2.8 months
      • Sits propped up (head steady): 2.9 months
      • Sits without support: 5.5 months
      • Stands holding on: 5.8 months
      • Walks holding on: 9.2 months
      • Stands momentarily: 9.8 months
      • Stands alone well: 11.5 months
      • Walks well: 12.1 months
      • Walks backward: 14.3 months
      • Walks up steps (with help): 17.0 months
      • Kicks ball forward: 20.0 months

    Principles of Growth & Development

    • Continuous, orderly, sequential processes influenced by maturational, environmental, and genetic factors

    • Humans follow the same pattern of growth

    • Cephalocaudal direction: Development proceeds from head to tail

    • Proximodistal direction: Development proceeds from center/midline outward toward extremities

    • Predictable sequence, but time of onset, length of stage, and effects vary among individuals

    • Development from simple to complex or single acts to integrated acts

    • Development increasingly differentiated: Generalized response to a stimulus eventually becomes a specific response (e.g. total body response in an infant versus laughter/fear in a 5 year-old)

    • Multiple areas of development interact and influence each other (e.g. physical, social, intellectual, emotional)

    Factors Influencing Growth and Development

    • Genetics
    • Temperament
    • Family
    • Nutrition
    • Environment
    • Health
    • Culture

    Theories of Growth and Development

    • Biophysical Theories: Describe the physical body's growth and changes

      • Arnold Gesell: Development directed by genetics; maturation process
      • Gesell's Assertion: Children go through the same developmental stages in the same order despite differences in rate
      • Maturation: Process controlled by intrinsic factors (primarily genes)

    • Psychosocial Theories: Refer to personality development

      • Sigmund Freud: Psychosexual Development Theory, personality in five overlapping stages (Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, Genital)
      • Freud's Belief: Parents' interactions shape children's desires/drives; influences long-term personality outcomes
      • Freud's Libido: Dynamic psychic energy that underlies human motivation
      • Erik Erikson: Expanded Freud's work to the entire life span; Psychosocial stages (e.g., trust vs. mistrust, autonomy vs. shame and doubt)
      • Each stage involves a conflict that affects how individuals view aspects of their personality/the world

    Stages of Growth and Development

    • Neonatal (Birth-28 days): Behavior largely reflexive initially, progresses to purposeful behavior
    • Infancy (1 month - 1 year): Rapid physical growth
    • Toddlerhood (1-3 years): Increased psychosocial skills, motor development permits physical autonomy
    • Preschool (3-6 years): New experiences (social roles/play); Physical growth slower
    • School Age (6-12 years): Peer group influence; physical, cognitive, and social development increases
    • Adolescence (12-20 years): Self-concept changes with biologic development; values tested; physical growth accelerates
    • Young Adulthood (20-40 years): Personal lifestyle develops; relationships established
    • Middle Adulthood (40-65 years): Lifestyle changes due to life events (e.g. children leaving home);
    • Older Adulthood (65+): Adaptation to retirement; physical changes related to chronic illness and aging

    Assignment

    • Complete a concept map of growth and development, including moral and spiritual theories
    • Advanced reading:
      • Promoting health from conception to adolescence
      • Promoting health in young and middle-aged adults
      • Promoting health in older adults

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    Concepts of Growth and Development PDF

    Description

    This quiz focuses on ensuring the accuracy and completeness of health assessment data within the context of developmental, psychological, functional, and pain assessments. You will differentiate between growth and development, explore factors influencing these processes, and examine key indicators of growth.

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