Health and Disease Society: Lecture 2

The three main categories of errors or active failures are slips and lapses, mistakes, and violations.

Slips and lapses are errors of action, where the individual knows what they intend to do but their action doesn't match, often due to attentional slips or memory lapses. Mistakes, on the other hand, are errors of knowledge or planning, where the action is carried out as intended but fails to achieve the desired outcome due to a wrong diagnosis or flawed plan.

A violation is an intentional deviation from protocols, standards, safe operating procedures, or other rules. This could include actions like not using proper aseptic techniques or disregarding established guidelines.

<p>The primary goals of Root Cause Analysis are to understand what happened, identify the underlying causes of an incident or near miss, and develop strategies to prevent it from happening again.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Examples of preventable adverse events include operations performed on the wrong part of the body, transfusion of blood with the wrong blood group, and the administration of a wrong dose or type of medication.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variations in healthcare quality and outcomes can arise from factors like the presence of high rates of preventable adverse events, differences in healthcare expenditures, gaps between known effective practices and actual implementation, inequitable access to care, and inconsistencies in the efficiency of healthcare delivery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient safety focuses on preventing harm to patients during the healthcare process. Its key aims include reducing the risk of unnecessary harm associated with healthcare to an acceptable minimum.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Statistics indicate that one in ten patients is harmed while receiving hospital care, and four out of ten patients experience harm in primary and outpatient settings.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>At least one out of every seven dollars spent on hospital care is attributed to treating the effects of patient harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Specific patient safety concerns include unsafe medication practices and medication errors, inaccurate or delayed diagnoses, hospital infections, and complications arising from surgery.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Inaccurate or delayed diagnoses are cited as one of the most common causes of patient harm, affecting millions of patients annually.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The example highlights the substantial number of potentially preventable amputations occurring in England. Over 70 amputations occur weekly, with 80% being potentially preventable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The first international patient safety goal focuses on accurately identifying patients.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patient safety is intricately linked to equity in healthcare. The text explicitly states that medical care provision should be not only safe but also equitable, accessible, and efficient.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Variations in healthcare quality and outcomes can lead to disparities in patient health, increased costs, and a diminished public trust in the healthcare system.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To ensure patients receive the best possible care and to avoid harm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It's a system where health organizations are accountable for continuously improving the quality of clinical services.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To implement systems for monitoring and ensuring the quality of care provided.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Safety and patient-centered care.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It ensures that patients can access the necessary services when and where they need them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It refers to providing the same level of care to patients with similar needs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Patients should receive interventions that are proven to work.</p> Signup and view all the answers

The degree to which health services improve desired health outcomes and are consistent with current knowledge, ensuring that patients get the best possible care.

A system that holds organizations accountable for continuously improving the quality of their clinical services and ensuring high standards of patient care.

The obligation of medical practitioners to ensure they have the necessary knowledge, skills, and performance levels to deliver safe and effective care.

This dimension asks: Are patients getting the services they need, when and where they need them?

This dimension addresses: Are patients with similar needs receiving the same standard of care?

This dimension examines: Are patients receiving interventions that have been proven to be effective?

This dimension inquires: Are services provided at a reasonable cost?

A type of medical error where the person knows what they want to do, but their action doesn't go as planned due to a slip of attention or a lapse in memory.

A type of medical error where the action goes as planned, but the intended outcome isn't achieved because there was an error in knowledge or planning. This might be due to a wrong diagnosis or misunderstanding.

An intentional deviation from protocols, standards, or safe operating procedures. This involves knowingly breaking the rules, like not using aseptic technique during a procedure.

A systematic method used to analyze incidents and near misses in healthcare settings. It aims to identify gaps in systems and processes that might have contributed to the event, allowing for improvements to prevent similar occurrences.

An injury caused by medical management, rather than the underlying condition, that prolongs hospitalization or leads to disability.

Variations in healthcare practices or outcomes that are not due to differences in patient needs or clinical science.

The absence of preventable harm to a patient during the process of health care and the reduction of unnecessary harm associated with healthcare to an acceptable minimum.

The differences in the rate of healthcare spending that cannot be explained by variations in patient needs or clinical factors.

The practice of providing care that is not consistent with the best available evidence.

A measure of how many patients experience a specific healthcare outcome.

A healthcare outcome that is preventable, meaning it should not have happened.

The use of procedures or interventions that are not supported by scientific evidence.

An approach to healthcare that aims to improve patient safety and reduce harm by focusing on identifying and addressing risks.

Ensuring that patients receive the care they need, regardless of their social or economic status.