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Questions and Answers
What best defines the concept of health?
What best defines the concept of health?
- A condition when an individual feels tired or fatigued.
- A measurable level of fitness or athletic ability.
- The absence of disease or illness.
- A state of physical, mental, and social well-being. (correct)
Which of the following is NOT a method of disease transmission?
Which of the following is NOT a method of disease transmission?
- Direct contact with an infected person.
- Airborne transmission through respiratory droplets.
- Vector-borne transmission through insects.
- Transmission through electronic devices. (correct)
Which organism is commonly recognized as a cause of hospital-acquired infections?
Which organism is commonly recognized as a cause of hospital-acquired infections?
- Clostridium tetani.
- Escherichia coli.
- Salmonella enterica.
- Staphylococcus aureus. (correct)
What is an environmental risk that can negatively affect population health?
What is an environmental risk that can negatively affect population health?
What is an effective control measure for preventing hospital-acquired infections?
What is an effective control measure for preventing hospital-acquired infections?
Flashcards
What is health?
What is health?
A state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
What is disease?
What is disease?
Any deviation from a state of normal health, characterized by a set of symptoms and signs.
How are diseases spread?
How are diseases spread?
Methods by which pathogens spread from one person to another, including direct contact, airborne transmission, droplet transmission, contaminated objects, and vectors.
What causes hospital-acquired infections?
What causes hospital-acquired infections?
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How do we prevent hospital-acquired infections?
How do we prevent hospital-acquired infections?
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Study Notes
Defining Health and Disease
- Health encompasses a state of complete physical, mental, and social well-being, not merely the absence of disease or infirmity.
- Disease is a condition that impairs the normal functioning of an organism or its systems and can manifest as specific symptoms or conditions.
Disease Transmission Methods
- Direct contact: Transmission through physical touch, like shaking hands or kissing.
- Indirect contact: Transmission via contaminated objects, surfaces, or vectors (e.g., insects).
- Droplet transmission: Transmission via respiratory droplets expelled during coughing or sneezing.
- Airborne transmission: Transmission through the air via aerosols.
- Vector-borne transmission: Transmission through an intermediary organism like mosquitoes.
- Fecal-oral transmission: Transmission via consuming contaminated food or water.
- Parenteral transmission: Transmission through breaks in the skin or mucous membranes.
Hospital Acquired Infections (HAIs)
- Organisms: HAIs are caused by various microorganisms, including bacteria (e.g., Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli), viruses (e.g., influenza), fungi (e.g., Candida), and parasites.
- Important considerations: Specific organisms, and their prevalence and types, vary substantially based on geographic location, time period, and specific health institution.
Environmental Risks on Population Health
- Environmental risks significantly impact population health.
- Factors like pollution (air, water, soil), climate change, and exposure to hazardous materials contribute to various health problems.
- These problems can range from respiratory illnesses to cancers and can disproportionately affect vulnerable populations.
Hospital Acquired Infection Control Measures
- Hand hygiene: Frequent and proper handwashing is crucial to prevent transmission.
- Vaccination: Immunization against preventable diseases protects patients and staff.
- Isolation precautions: Patients with infections are isolated to prevent transmission to others.
- Disinfection and sterilization: Cleaning and disinfecting surfaces is important to eliminate pathogens.
- Proper waste disposal: Effective disposal prevents cross-contamination.
- Monitoring and reporting: Active surveillance and reporting of infections are essential.
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