Health and Disability Topics Quiz

Abdominal Regions

• Umbilical Region: Centermost abdominopelvic area surrounding the umbilicus.
• Epigastric Region: Located superior to the umbilical region; derived from Greek meaning 'above the belly'.
• Hypogastric Region: Situated inferior to the umbilical region; also known as the pubic region.
• Right & Left Iliac Regions: Also called the inguinal region; located laterally to the hypogastric region, associated with the iliac bones.
• Right & Left Lumbar Regions: Positioned lateral to the umbilical region; 'lumbus' translates to loin.
• Right & Left Hypochondriac Regions: Found lateral to the epigastric region and deep under the ribs; 'chondro' refers to cartilage.

Anatomical Terminology

• Anatomical Position: Standardized body orientation for consistent reference in anatomy.
• Coronal Plane: Divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) sections; also known as the frontal plane.
• Sagittal Plane: Splits the body into left and right halves; all offset sagittal planes are considered parasagittal.
• Median Plane: A specific sagittal plane that lies exactly along the midline.

Cellular and Molecular Biology

• Adenosine Triphosphate (ATP): Organic molecule crucial for storing and releasing energy in cells.
• Afferent Nerves: Carry impulses towards the central nervous system from the periphery.
• Allergy: Hypersensitivity condition involving IgE antibodies leading to histamine release.
• Anabolism: Energy-intensive metabolic phase where simpler molecules combine to form complex ones.
• Anion: Ion possessing one or more negative charges, attracted to positive poles.

Immune System Components

• Antibody: Protein produced by plasma cells that bind specifically to antigens, also known as immunoglobulins.
• Antigen: Any substance recognized as foreign by the immune system, triggering a response.
• Apoptosis: Programmed cell death process eliminating unnecessary or damaged cells.
• Arteriole: Small blood vessel that branches from an artery.
• B Lymphocytes: Cells responsible for humoral immunity, converting into plasma cells that produce antibodies.

Anatomy and Physiology

• Cerebral Cortex: Outer gray matter region of cerebral hemispheres involved in complex brain functions.
• Cerebral White Matter: Composed of myelinated fibers that facilitate communication between brain regions.
• Cerebrospinal Fluid: Protective fluid surrounding the brain and spinal cord, providing support.
• Cervical Vertebrae: Seven vertebrae forming the neck part of the vertebral column.
• Capillaries: The smallest blood vessels where exchange between blood and tissues occurs.

Other Concepts

• Caudal: Direction towards the tail or inferior part of the body.
• Disability: Inability to perform normal daily activities due to physical, mental, social, or emotional impairments.
• Diastasis Recti: Separation of the rectus abdominis muscle at the linea alba.
• Dynamic Stabilization: Muscle activity ensuring control in response to variable forces during movement.
• Eccentric Exercise: Muscle lengthening while generating tension against external force.
• Emphysema: A chronic lung condition characterized by inflammation and damage to bronchioles and alveoli.

Cellular Tissue and Development

• Blastocyst: Stage in embryonic development resulting from cleavage.
• Chemotaxis: Movement of cells towards or away from chemical stimuli.
• Cleavage: Rapid cell division in early embryonic development without growth.
• Collagen: Most prevalent fiber in connective tissue matrix, providing strength.
• Complement System: Group of proteins that enhance immune responses and can lead to pathogen lysis.
• Connective Tissue: Diverse tissue type providing structural support, storage, and protection.

Muscle Function

• Contractility: Ability of muscle cells to shorten and generate force when stimulated.
• Contraction: Muscle shortening process leading to tension development, critical for movement.