Questions and Answers
The condition resulting from hypersecretion of cortisol, and manifested by a 'moon' facies, obesity of the trunk, osteoporosis, muscle wasting and weakness, and reduced resistance to infections is called?
Cushing syndrome
The type of diabetes mellitus caused by the destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing cells and found predominantly in people under the age of 30 is known as?
Type 1 diabetes
The root in the medical term polyphagia means?
to eat
The classic symptoms of hyperglycemia are unexplained weight loss and?
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A patient with an extremely low blood glucose level, less than 10 mg/dl, can experience a state of deep unconsciousness called a diabetic ______.
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Which chemical element is required by the thyroid gland to function properly?
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The organ of the endocrine system that is responsible for producing serotonin by day which is converted to melatonin at night is the?
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An underproduction of growth hormone from birth leads to a condition known as?
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The term pineal refers to a?
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Choose the correct spelling for the term which is a synonym for growth hormone.
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The suffix which means stimulation is?
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The hormone produced by the alpha cells in the pancreas that raises the blood sugar level is ______.
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Which of the following terms has a word element that means new?
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A type of diabetes mellitus that is genetically inherited and occurs in thin individuals who are in their teens and twenties is abbreviated as?
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An underdeveloped or congenital absence of the thymus gland is called?
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Which statement best describes a patient with hyperthyroidism that has symptoms of increased body metabolism?
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A pituitary hormone that constricts blood vessels and decreases urine output is called?
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Which of the following terms that refers to a synonym for the pituitary gland is spelled correctly?
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A patient has a nodule on the thyroid gland. To determine whether the nodule is benign or malignant, which of the following tests would be best to perform?
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In developing countries, a common cause of hypothyroidism is a lack of?
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The medication metformin has a synergistic effect when used in combination with sulfonylureas. The nurse understands that metformin?
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Cretinism results from _______ hypothyroidism.
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All of the following are classifications of the different types of insulin EXCEPT?
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The pituitary hormone that stimulates the adrenal gland to secrete cortisone is?
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The surgical removal of the thyroid gland is called a?
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A medical emergency manifested by a state of marked hyperglycemia with dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and ketone formation is abbreviated?
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The root/combining form toxic/o- in the medical term thyrotoxicosis means?
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The abbreviation for a hormone secreted by the parathyroid glands is?
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Study Notes
Endocrine Disorders and Related Conditions
- Cushing syndrome: Caused by excess cortisol, characterized by "moon" face, trunk obesity, osteoporosis, muscle wasting, weakness, and increased infection risk.
- Type 1 diabetes: Autoimmune condition resulting in destruction of pancreatic insulin-producing cells, predominantly in individuals under 30.
- Diabetic coma: A severe state of reduced consciousness due to extremely low blood glucose levels, less than 10 mg/dL.
Hormones and Their Functions
- Growth hormone (Somatotropin): Synonym for growth hormone important for growth and metabolism.
- Glucagon: Hormone secreted by alpha cells in the pancreas, critical for raising blood sugar levels.
- Vasopressin: Pituitary hormone that constricts blood vessels and reduces urine output.
- Corticotropin: Stimulates adrenal glands to secrete cortisone.
- Parathyroid hormone (PTH): Secreted by parathyroid glands, regulates calcium levels in the blood.
Thyroid Conditions
- Iodine: Essential element for thyroid function; deficiency leads to hypothyroidism.
- Thyrotoxicosis: Condition of excessive thyroid hormones, where "toxic/o" indicates poisoning.
- Cretinism: Result of severe congenital hypothyroidism, affecting growth and development.
- Fine needle aspiration biopsy: Preferred diagnostic method for evaluating thyroid nodules.
Insulin and Diabetes Mellitus
- MODY (Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young): Genetically inherited type of diabetes in lean individuals, typically diagnosed in teens and twenties.
- Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA): Medical emergency associated with hyperglycemia, dehydration, metabolic acidosis, and ketone development.
- Insulin classifications: Common classifications include rapid-acting, short-acting, intermediate-acting, and long-acting; does not include "delayed acting."
Additional Medical Terms
- Pituitary dwarfism: Resulting from underproduction of growth hormone from birth.
- DiGeorge syndrome: Condition characterized by the congenital absence or underdevelopment of the thymus gland.
- Pineal gland: Responsible for serotonin production during the day, which is converted to melatonin at night.
Clinical Applications
- Metformin and sulfonylureas: Metformin enhances the efficacy of sulfonylureas in managing blood glucose levels.
- Symptoms of hyperglycemia: Classical symptoms include polyuria (increased urination), polydipsia (increased thirst), and polyphagia (increased hunger).
- Antithyroid antibodies test: Not the best diagnostic approach for evaluating thyroid nodules; the fine needle aspiration biopsy is preferred.
Anatomy of Elements
- Pineal gland: Refers specifically to a gland, significant in regulating sleep-wake cycles.
- Suffix -tropin: Indicates stimulation, commonly used in hormonal terminology.
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Description
Test your knowledge on key terms and definitions related to Health 110, Chapter 17. This quiz covers essential conditions and syndromes, including Cushing syndrome and diabetes mellitus. Perfect for students preparing for exams in healthcare studies.
