Headaches and Seizure Disorders
63 Questions
0 Views

Choose a study mode

Play Quiz
Study Flashcards
Spaced Repetition
Chat to lesson

Podcast

Play an AI-generated podcast conversation about this lesson

Questions and Answers

What is the primary nursing intervention during an acute exacerbation of a patient with MS?

  • Encourage exercise to improve mobility
  • Provide symptomatic relief for bladder dysfunction
  • Administer immunomodulator drugs
  • Prevent major complications of immobility (correct)

    • Which medication is NOT classified as an immunomodulator used in the treatment of MS?

  • Ropinirole (correct)
  • Interferon β-1b
  • Glatiramer acetate
  • Interferon β-1a

    • What should patient education for MS focus on?

  • Avoiding fatigue and exposure to infections (correct)
  • Building resistance to contrast therapy
  • Utilizing advanced technology for mobility
  • Increasing muscle tone exercises

    • Which symptom is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Increased muscle tone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment is primarily used to manage spasticity in MS patients?

    <p>Muscle relaxants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is believed to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Complex interplay between environmental factors and genetics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the focus of drug therapy in managing Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Correcting neurotransmitter imbalances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a common non-motor symptom associated with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Anxiety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of antiseizure drug therapy?

    <p>To reduce the frequency and severity of seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be done if a patient misses an antiseizure medication dose?

    <p>Take the missed dose as soon as remembered unless it's close to the next dose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a critical intervention for nurses during a seizure?

    <p>Maintaining a patent airway and ensuring patient safety</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation should emergency medical care be sought for a seizure?

    <p>If status epilepticus occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which kind of seizure is characterized by a staring spell and may include eye blinking?

    <p>Atypical absence seizure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is typically not used for the treatment of tension-type headaches?

    <p>Triptans</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary characteristic of migraine headaches?

    <p>Unilateral or bilateral throbbing pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which adjunctive therapy is commonly used for all types of headaches?

    <p>Biofeedback</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common preventive treatment for cluster headaches?

    <p>High-dose verapamil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements accurately describes seizure disorders?

    <p>They involve uncontrolled electrical discharges in the brain.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of treatment with triptans for migraine headaches?

    <p>To alleviate pain when taken at the start of a headache</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of headaches occurs bilaterally and has a pressing, tightening quality?

    <p>Tension-type headaches</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of seizures involves both sides of the brain?

    <p>Generalized-onset seizures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a premonitory symptom of migraine headaches?

    <p>Joint pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which drug is not considered an adjunctive therapy for headache management?

    <p>High-dose verapamil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which management strategy is recommended for nonpharmacologic relief of restless legs syndrome?

    <p>Developing regular sleep habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which symptom would likely lead a healthcare provider to consider drug therapy for restless legs syndrome?

    <p>Moderate symptoms affecting sleep</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of restless legs syndrome is believed to be related to dysfunction in the brain's basal ganglia circuits?

    <p>Idiopathic (Primary) RLS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement is true regarding the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>It requires evidence of at least two lesions in different locations.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is NOT commonly associated with secondary restless legs syndrome?

    <p>Chronic pain conditions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Emotional problems</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is indicated for decreasing sensory sensations in restless legs syndrome?

    <p>Gabapentin enacarbil</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which lifestyle change could help manage symptoms of restless legs syndrome?

    <p>Incorporating regular exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What neurological aspect is primarily involved in primary restless legs syndrome?

    <p>Basal ganglia circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a characteristic of multiple sclerosis concerning its disease progression?

    <p>It can present with both gradual and progressive deterioration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary goal of nursing care for patients with myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Maintaining adequate ventilation and monitoring drug therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an effective treatment option for myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Surgical removal of the thymus gland</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Anticholinesterase drugs are primarily used in the treatment of which condition?

    <p>Myasthenia gravis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What complication of myasthenia gravis can arise from muscle weakness?

    <p>Myasthenic crisis affecting breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which dietary guidance should be encouraged for patients with Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Well-balanced diet with proper hydration and nutrition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the goal of using plasmapheresis in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>To provide temporary relief from symptoms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of drug is primarily used to manage symptoms of Parkinson's disease?

    <p>Dopaminergic agents</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In myasthenia gravis, which muscle groups are most commonly affected?

    <p>Muscles used for vision, swallowing, and breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During a myasthenic crisis, how should nursing care be prioritized?

    <p>Ensuring ventilation and continuous monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should a nurse prioritize when developing a care plan for a patient with restless legs syndrome?

    <p>Implementing regular sleep habits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Drug therapy is typically the first line of treatment for restless legs syndrome.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Multiple sclerosis is characterized by disseminated __________ of nerve fibers in the central nervous system.

    <p>demyelination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their associated factors:

    <p>Primary RLS = Dopamine dysfunction in basal ganglia Secondary RLS = Pregnancy, iron deficiency, renal disease Multiple Sclerosis = Unknown cause with genetic factors Gabapentin enacarbil = Used for symptom relief in RLS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which medication is used as an immunomodulator in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Glatiramer acetate</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patient teaching for managing Parkinson's disease should include the importance of maintaining social interactions.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of nursing interventions during an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?

    <p>Preventing complications of immobility.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To manage spasticity in multiple sclerosis, _______ are primarily used.

    <p>muscle relaxants</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following medications with their intended effects:

    <p>Interferon β-1a = Modify disease progression in MS Levodopa = Improve motor symptoms in PD Muscle relaxants = Treat spasticity in MS Glatiramer acetate = Prevent relapse in MS</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What key aspect should patient education about managing multiple sclerosis include?

    <p>Recognizing and managing fatigue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Interprofessional care for Parkinson's disease aims solely at treating the symptoms.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of anticholinesterase drugs in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?

    <p>To increase acetylcholine availability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Removal of the thymus gland can result in improvement for most patients with myasthenia gravis.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Name one major complication that results from muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis.

    <p>Difficulty swallowing or respiratory failure</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Myasthenic crisis can be triggered by ______, surgical interventions, and emotional distress.

    <p>infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Match the following conditions with their associated drug therapy:

    <p>Myasthenia Gravis = Anticholinesterase drugs Parkinson's Disease = Dopaminergic medications Autoimmune Disease = Immunosuppressants Severe muscle weakness = Corticosteroids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a recommended intervention for maintaining good health in patients with Parkinson’s disease?

    <p>Encouragement of physical exercise</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be cured with early intervention.

    <p>False</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary focus of nursing care during a myasthenic crisis?

    <p>Maintaining adequate ventilation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Patients with myasthenia gravis experience fluctuating weakness primarily in the ______ muscle groups.

    <p>skeletal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment can provide short-term improvement of symptoms in myasthenia gravis?

    <p>Plasmapheresis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Headaches

    • Three primary classifications: tension-type, migraine, and cluster headaches
    • Tension-type headaches are bilateral, pressing, and mild to moderate
    • Migraine headaches are recurrent, throbbing, and can include premonitory symptoms or aura
    • Cluster headaches are severe, sharp, and can recur for weeks or months, followed by periods of remission
    • Drug therapies for tension-type headaches: aspirin, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, sedatives, muscle relaxants, or caffeine
    • Drug therapies for migraine headaches: triptans, NSAIDs, aspirin, and caffeine-containing analgesics (triptans best taken at the start); some patients use preventive treatment
    • Drug therapies for cluster headaches: triptans (standard treatment); many patients also receive high-dose verapamil preventative therapy
    • Adjunctive therapies for all headaches: meditation, yoga, biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation training

    Seizure Disorders

    • Also called epilepsy; recurring seizures with neurologic, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences
    • A seizure is a transient uncontrolled electrical discharge in the brain that disrupts normal function
    • Seizures are categorized into generalized-onset and focal-onset
    • Generalized-onset seizures involve both brain hemispheres, characterized by bilateral, synchronous discharges
    • Generalized-onset tonic-clonic seizures involve loss of consciousness, falling, stiffening (tonic), and jerking (clonic) of extremities (10-20 sec tonic, 30-40 sec clonic)
    • Absence seizures primarily in children, typically characterized by brief staring spells (and sometimes other manifestations)
    • Focal-onset seizures originate in one hemisphere of the brain in a specific region of cortex
    • Focal awareness seizures involve a change in level of consciousness (last less than 1 min)
    • Focal impaired awareness seizures involve a change in level of consciousness (last longer than 1 min, often followed by confusion)
    • Focal motor seizures involve various motor activities (some have automatisms)
    • Focal non-motor seizures can involve emotional or strange feelings
    • Status epilepticus is continuous seizure activity without return to consciousness between seizures; a neurological emergency
    • Most seizures don't require emergency medical care (self-limiting)

    Other Types of Headaches

    • Headaches can accompany other illnesses (brain tumors, stroke, polycythemia vera, eye, nose, and/or teeth issues)
    • Comprehensive evaluation of any headache is required

    Multiple Sclerosis (MS)

    • A chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS)
    • Characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord
    • Cause unknown, linked to infectious (viral), immunologic, and genetic factors
    • Gradual onset, with some having chronic deterioration and others experiencing remissions/exacerbations
    • Diagnosis is based on history, presence of multiple lesions, and ruling out other causes
    • Treatment focuses on modifying disease progression and offering symptomatic relief using immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., interferon β-1a, interferon β-1b, glatiramer acetate) and other symptom-specific drugs
    • MS can lead to muscle weakness, dysfunction of bladder and bowel, and other issues; immobility during exacerbations (potential complications)

    Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)

    • Characterized by unpleasant sensory and motor abnormalities in one or both legs
    • Two types: primary (idiopathic) and secondary
    • Primary RLS may be related to dysfunctions in the basal ganglia, which utilize dopamine
    • Secondary RLS is linked to conditions such as pregnancy, iron deficiency, or kidney disease
    • Symptoms worsen with rest; relieved by movement
    • Management includes lifestyle changes (sleep, exercise, eliminate aggravating factors) or medication (dopaminergic agents/agonists or Gabapentin)

    Parkinson's Disease (PD)

    • A chronic disease of the basal ganglia, characterized by increased muscle tone, tremors at rest, gait changes, and slowness in movement initiation/execution.
    • Cause unknown, possibly a combination of environmental and genetic factors.
    • Diagnosed based on classic manifestations: tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability (TRAP).
    • Non-motor symptoms can include depression, anxiety, fatigue, pain, urinary retention, constipation, erectile dysfunction, and memory changes.
    • Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms; may include medication (antiparkinson drugs that either increase or block neurotransmitters), lifestyle changes (promoting health and independence)

    Myasthenia Gravis (MG)

    • An autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction
    • Characterized by fluctuating weakness in certain skeletal muscle groups
    • Antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), leading to decreased AChR sites at the neuromuscular junction
    • Common affected muscles include those for eye/eyelids, chewing, swallowing, speech, and breathing
    • Course variable; some experience temporary remissions, others have progressive involvement
    • Treatment involves anticholinesterase drugs, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants, and other measures

    Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)

    • A rare, progressive neurologic disorder of unknown cause, characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord (sometimes called Lou Gehrig's disease)
    • Progressive muscle weakness and atrophy
    • Leading to death within 2-5 years
    • Treatment includes medications (e.g., Riluzole, Edaravone) designed to slow the progression.

    Huntington's Disease (HD)

    • A progressive, degenerative brain disorder, inherited genetically
    • Characterized by abnormal and involuntary, repetitive, and choreatic movements (writhing, twisting).
    • Worsening as disease progresses
    • Treatment is palliative; medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants, antichorea drugs) may offer some benefit

    Studying That Suits You

    Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.

    Quiz Team

    Related Documents

    Chapter 63 Chronic Neurologic Problems PDF

    Description

    This quiz explores the classifications, symptoms, and treatments associated with headaches and seizure disorders, including tension-type, migraine, and cluster headaches. It also covers drug and adjunctive therapies for managing these conditions. Test your knowledge and understanding of these important health topics.

    More Like This

    Use Quizgecko on...
    Browser
    Open
    Browser
    Browser