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Questions and Answers
What is the primary nursing intervention during an acute exacerbation of a patient with MS?
What is the primary nursing intervention during an acute exacerbation of a patient with MS?
- Encourage exercise to improve mobility
- Provide symptomatic relief for bladder dysfunction
- Administer immunomodulator drugs
- Prevent major complications of immobility (correct)
Which medication is NOT classified as an immunomodulator used in the treatment of MS?
Which medication is NOT classified as an immunomodulator used in the treatment of MS?
- Ropinirole (correct)
- Interferon β-1b
- Glatiramer acetate
- Interferon β-1a
What should patient education for MS focus on?
What should patient education for MS focus on?
- Avoiding fatigue and exposure to infections (correct)
- Building resistance to contrast therapy
- Utilizing advanced technology for mobility
- Increasing muscle tone exercises
Which symptom is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?
Which symptom is characteristic of Parkinson's disease?
Which treatment is primarily used to manage spasticity in MS patients?
Which treatment is primarily used to manage spasticity in MS patients?
Which factor is believed to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease?
Which factor is believed to contribute to the development of Parkinson's disease?
What is the focus of drug therapy in managing Parkinson's disease?
What is the focus of drug therapy in managing Parkinson's disease?
Which of the following is a common non-motor symptom associated with Parkinson's disease?
Which of the following is a common non-motor symptom associated with Parkinson's disease?
What is the primary goal of antiseizure drug therapy?
What is the primary goal of antiseizure drug therapy?
What should be done if a patient misses an antiseizure medication dose?
What should be done if a patient misses an antiseizure medication dose?
What is a critical intervention for nurses during a seizure?
What is a critical intervention for nurses during a seizure?
In which situation should emergency medical care be sought for a seizure?
In which situation should emergency medical care be sought for a seizure?
Which kind of seizure is characterized by a staring spell and may include eye blinking?
Which kind of seizure is characterized by a staring spell and may include eye blinking?
Which medication is typically not used for the treatment of tension-type headaches?
Which medication is typically not used for the treatment of tension-type headaches?
What is the primary characteristic of migraine headaches?
What is the primary characteristic of migraine headaches?
Which adjunctive therapy is commonly used for all types of headaches?
Which adjunctive therapy is commonly used for all types of headaches?
What is a common preventive treatment for cluster headaches?
What is a common preventive treatment for cluster headaches?
Which of the following statements accurately describes seizure disorders?
Which of the following statements accurately describes seizure disorders?
What is the main goal of treatment with triptans for migraine headaches?
What is the main goal of treatment with triptans for migraine headaches?
What type of headaches occurs bilaterally and has a pressing, tightening quality?
What type of headaches occurs bilaterally and has a pressing, tightening quality?
Which type of seizures involves both sides of the brain?
Which type of seizures involves both sides of the brain?
Which of the following is not a premonitory symptom of migraine headaches?
Which of the following is not a premonitory symptom of migraine headaches?
Which drug is not considered an adjunctive therapy for headache management?
Which drug is not considered an adjunctive therapy for headache management?
Which management strategy is recommended for nonpharmacologic relief of restless legs syndrome?
Which management strategy is recommended for nonpharmacologic relief of restless legs syndrome?
Which symptom would likely lead a healthcare provider to consider drug therapy for restless legs syndrome?
Which symptom would likely lead a healthcare provider to consider drug therapy for restless legs syndrome?
What type of restless legs syndrome is believed to be related to dysfunction in the brain's basal ganglia circuits?
What type of restless legs syndrome is believed to be related to dysfunction in the brain's basal ganglia circuits?
Which statement is true regarding the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
Which statement is true regarding the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis?
Which factor is NOT commonly associated with secondary restless legs syndrome?
Which factor is NOT commonly associated with secondary restless legs syndrome?
What is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis?
What is a common manifestation of multiple sclerosis?
Which medication is indicated for decreasing sensory sensations in restless legs syndrome?
Which medication is indicated for decreasing sensory sensations in restless legs syndrome?
Which lifestyle change could help manage symptoms of restless legs syndrome?
Which lifestyle change could help manage symptoms of restless legs syndrome?
What neurological aspect is primarily involved in primary restless legs syndrome?
What neurological aspect is primarily involved in primary restless legs syndrome?
What is a characteristic of multiple sclerosis concerning its disease progression?
What is a characteristic of multiple sclerosis concerning its disease progression?
What is the primary goal of nursing care for patients with myasthenia gravis?
What is the primary goal of nursing care for patients with myasthenia gravis?
Which of the following is an effective treatment option for myasthenia gravis?
Which of the following is an effective treatment option for myasthenia gravis?
Anticholinesterase drugs are primarily used in the treatment of which condition?
Anticholinesterase drugs are primarily used in the treatment of which condition?
What complication of myasthenia gravis can arise from muscle weakness?
What complication of myasthenia gravis can arise from muscle weakness?
Which dietary guidance should be encouraged for patients with Parkinson's disease?
Which dietary guidance should be encouraged for patients with Parkinson's disease?
What is the goal of using plasmapheresis in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
What is the goal of using plasmapheresis in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
Which type of drug is primarily used to manage symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
Which type of drug is primarily used to manage symptoms of Parkinson's disease?
In myasthenia gravis, which muscle groups are most commonly affected?
In myasthenia gravis, which muscle groups are most commonly affected?
During a myasthenic crisis, how should nursing care be prioritized?
During a myasthenic crisis, how should nursing care be prioritized?
What should a nurse prioritize when developing a care plan for a patient with restless legs syndrome?
What should a nurse prioritize when developing a care plan for a patient with restless legs syndrome?
Drug therapy is typically the first line of treatment for restless legs syndrome.
Drug therapy is typically the first line of treatment for restless legs syndrome.
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by disseminated __________ of nerve fibers in the central nervous system.
Multiple sclerosis is characterized by disseminated __________ of nerve fibers in the central nervous system.
Match the following conditions with their associated factors:
Match the following conditions with their associated factors:
Which medication is used as an immunomodulator in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?
Which medication is used as an immunomodulator in the treatment of multiple sclerosis?
Patient teaching for managing Parkinson's disease should include the importance of maintaining social interactions.
Patient teaching for managing Parkinson's disease should include the importance of maintaining social interactions.
What is the primary focus of nursing interventions during an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?
What is the primary focus of nursing interventions during an acute exacerbation of multiple sclerosis?
To manage spasticity in multiple sclerosis, _______ are primarily used.
To manage spasticity in multiple sclerosis, _______ are primarily used.
Match the following medications with their intended effects:
Match the following medications with their intended effects:
What key aspect should patient education about managing multiple sclerosis include?
What key aspect should patient education about managing multiple sclerosis include?
Interprofessional care for Parkinson's disease aims solely at treating the symptoms.
Interprofessional care for Parkinson's disease aims solely at treating the symptoms.
What is the role of anticholinesterase drugs in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
What is the role of anticholinesterase drugs in the treatment of myasthenia gravis?
Removal of the thymus gland can result in improvement for most patients with myasthenia gravis.
Removal of the thymus gland can result in improvement for most patients with myasthenia gravis.
Name one major complication that results from muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis.
Name one major complication that results from muscle weakness in myasthenia gravis.
Myasthenic crisis can be triggered by ______, surgical interventions, and emotional distress.
Myasthenic crisis can be triggered by ______, surgical interventions, and emotional distress.
Match the following conditions with their associated drug therapy:
Match the following conditions with their associated drug therapy:
Which of the following is a recommended intervention for maintaining good health in patients with Parkinson’s disease?
Which of the following is a recommended intervention for maintaining good health in patients with Parkinson’s disease?
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be cured with early intervention.
Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) can be cured with early intervention.
What is the primary focus of nursing care during a myasthenic crisis?
What is the primary focus of nursing care during a myasthenic crisis?
Patients with myasthenia gravis experience fluctuating weakness primarily in the ______ muscle groups.
Patients with myasthenia gravis experience fluctuating weakness primarily in the ______ muscle groups.
Which treatment can provide short-term improvement of symptoms in myasthenia gravis?
Which treatment can provide short-term improvement of symptoms in myasthenia gravis?
Flashcards
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) goal of care
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) goal of care
To treat the disease process, ease symptoms, and prevent relapses.
MS treatment drugs
MS treatment drugs
Immunomodulators like interferon β-1a, interferon β-1b, and glatiramer acetate.
Spasticity treatment (MS)
Spasticity treatment (MS)
Primarily treated using muscle relaxants.
Parkinson's disease (PD) cause
Parkinson's disease (PD) cause
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Parkinson's classic symptoms
Parkinson's classic symptoms
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Akinesia
Akinesia
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Postural Instability (PD)
Postural Instability (PD)
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PD drug therapy goal
PD drug therapy goal
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Antiparkinson drugs
Antiparkinson drugs
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Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
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Acetylcholine Receptors (AChRs)
Acetylcholine Receptors (AChRs)
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Myasthenic Crisis
Myasthenic Crisis
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Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
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Surgical Procedures (Parkinson's)
Surgical Procedures (Parkinson's)
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Drug Therapy (MG)
Drug Therapy (MG)
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Thymus Removal (MG)
Thymus Removal (MG)
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Physical Exercise (Parkinson's)
Physical Exercise (Parkinson's)
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Respiratory Complications (MG)
Respiratory Complications (MG)
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Generalized Onset Seizure
Generalized Onset Seizure
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Focal-onset Seizure
Focal-onset Seizure
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Focal Awareness Seizure
Focal Awareness Seizure
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Focal Impaired Awareness Seizure
Focal Impaired Awareness Seizure
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Status Epilepticus
Status Epilepticus
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What are the 3 main headache types?
What are the 3 main headache types?
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Tension-type headaches
Tension-type headaches
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Migraine headaches
Migraine headaches
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Cluster headaches
Cluster headaches
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What are some treatments for tension-type headaches?
What are some treatments for tension-type headaches?
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Migraine treatment options
Migraine treatment options
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Cluster headache treatment
Cluster headache treatment
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Seizure disorder
Seizure disorder
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What are the two major classes of seizures?
What are the two major classes of seizures?
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Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
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Primary RLS
Primary RLS
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Secondary RLS
Secondary RLS
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Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
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MS cause
MS cause
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MS Symptoms
MS Symptoms
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MS diagnosis
MS diagnosis
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MS diagnostic criteria
MS diagnostic criteria
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RLS treatment (non-pharmacological)
RLS treatment (non-pharmacological)
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RLS treatment (pharmacological)
RLS treatment (pharmacological)
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MS Treatment Goal
MS Treatment Goal
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MS Immunomodulators
MS Immunomodulators
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Spasticity in MS
Spasticity in MS
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What is Parkinson's Disease?
What is Parkinson's Disease?
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PD Classic Symptoms
PD Classic Symptoms
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Akinesia in PD
Akinesia in PD
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What is Restless Legs Syndrome?
What is Restless Legs Syndrome?
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What causes Restless Legs Syndrome?
What causes Restless Legs Syndrome?
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How do you manage Restless Legs Syndrome?
How do you manage Restless Legs Syndrome?
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What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
What is Multiple Sclerosis (MS)?
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What are the MS diagnostic criteria?
What are the MS diagnostic criteria?
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What is Myasthenia Gravis?
What is Myasthenia Gravis?
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What happens to AChRs in MG?
What happens to AChRs in MG?
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Which muscles are most affected by MG?
Which muscles are most affected by MG?
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What is a Myasthenic Crisis?
What is a Myasthenic Crisis?
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What is ALS?
What is ALS?
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What are the goals of Parkinson's disease treatment?
What are the goals of Parkinson's disease treatment?
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What are the main complications of MG?
What are the main complications of MG?
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How is MG treated?
How is MG treated?
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What are the nursing care principles for MG?
What are the nursing care principles for MG?
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What is the role of the thymus in MG?
What is the role of the thymus in MG?
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Study Notes
Headaches
- Three primary classifications: tension-type, migraine, and cluster headaches
- Tension-type headaches are bilateral, pressing, and mild to moderate
- Migraine headaches are recurrent, throbbing, and can include premonitory symptoms or aura
- Cluster headaches are severe, sharp, and can recur for weeks or months, followed by periods of remission
- Drug therapies for tension-type headaches: aspirin, acetaminophen, NSAIDs, sedatives, muscle relaxants, or caffeine
- Drug therapies for migraine headaches: triptans, NSAIDs, aspirin, and caffeine-containing analgesics (triptans best taken at the start); some patients use preventive treatment
- Drug therapies for cluster headaches: triptans (standard treatment); many patients also receive high-dose verapamil preventative therapy
- Adjunctive therapies for all headaches: meditation, yoga, biofeedback, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and relaxation training
Seizure Disorders
- Also called epilepsy; recurring seizures with neurologic, cognitive, psychological, and social consequences
- A seizure is a transient uncontrolled electrical discharge in the brain that disrupts normal function
- Seizures are categorized into generalized-onset and focal-onset
- Generalized-onset seizures involve both brain hemispheres, characterized by bilateral, synchronous discharges
- Generalized-onset tonic-clonic seizures involve loss of consciousness, falling, stiffening (tonic), and jerking (clonic) of extremities (10-20 sec tonic, 30-40 sec clonic)
- Absence seizures primarily in children, typically characterized by brief staring spells (and sometimes other manifestations)
- Focal-onset seizures originate in one hemisphere of the brain in a specific region of cortex
- Focal awareness seizures involve a change in level of consciousness (last less than 1 min)
- Focal impaired awareness seizures involve a change in level of consciousness (last longer than 1 min, often followed by confusion)
- Focal motor seizures involve various motor activities (some have automatisms)
- Focal non-motor seizures can involve emotional or strange feelings
- Status epilepticus is continuous seizure activity without return to consciousness between seizures; a neurological emergency
- Most seizures don't require emergency medical care (self-limiting)
Other Types of Headaches
- Headaches can accompany other illnesses (brain tumors, stroke, polycythemia vera, eye, nose, and/or teeth issues)
- Comprehensive evaluation of any headache is required
Multiple Sclerosis (MS)
- A chronic, progressive, degenerative disorder of the central nervous system (CNS)
- Characterized by disseminated demyelination of nerve fibers in the brain and spinal cord
- Cause unknown, linked to infectious (viral), immunologic, and genetic factors
- Gradual onset, with some having chronic deterioration and others experiencing remissions/exacerbations
- Diagnosis is based on history, presence of multiple lesions, and ruling out other causes
- Treatment focuses on modifying disease progression and offering symptomatic relief using immunomodulatory drugs (e.g., interferon β-1a, interferon β-1b, glatiramer acetate) and other symptom-specific drugs
- MS can lead to muscle weakness, dysfunction of bladder and bowel, and other issues; immobility during exacerbations (potential complications)
Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS)
- Characterized by unpleasant sensory and motor abnormalities in one or both legs
- Two types: primary (idiopathic) and secondary
- Primary RLS may be related to dysfunctions in the basal ganglia, which utilize dopamine
- Secondary RLS is linked to conditions such as pregnancy, iron deficiency, or kidney disease
- Symptoms worsen with rest; relieved by movement
- Management includes lifestyle changes (sleep, exercise, eliminate aggravating factors) or medication (dopaminergic agents/agonists or Gabapentin)
Parkinson's Disease (PD)
- A chronic disease of the basal ganglia, characterized by increased muscle tone, tremors at rest, gait changes, and slowness in movement initiation/execution.
- Cause unknown, possibly a combination of environmental and genetic factors.
- Diagnosed based on classic manifestations: tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability (TRAP).
- Non-motor symptoms can include depression, anxiety, fatigue, pain, urinary retention, constipation, erectile dysfunction, and memory changes.
- Treatment focuses on relieving symptoms; may include medication (antiparkinson drugs that either increase or block neurotransmitters), lifestyle changes (promoting health and independence)
Myasthenia Gravis (MG)
- An autoimmune disease of the neuromuscular junction
- Characterized by fluctuating weakness in certain skeletal muscle groups
- Antibodies target acetylcholine receptors (AChRs), leading to decreased AChR sites at the neuromuscular junction
- Common affected muscles include those for eye/eyelids, chewing, swallowing, speech, and breathing
- Course variable; some experience temporary remissions, others have progressive involvement
- Treatment involves anticholinesterase drugs, corticosteroids, or immunosuppressants, and other measures
Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
- A rare, progressive neurologic disorder of unknown cause, characterized by degeneration of motor neurons in the brainstem and spinal cord (sometimes called Lou Gehrig's disease)
- Progressive muscle weakness and atrophy
- Leading to death within 2-5 years
- Treatment includes medications (e.g., Riluzole, Edaravone) designed to slow the progression.
Huntington's Disease (HD)
- A progressive, degenerative brain disorder, inherited genetically
- Characterized by abnormal and involuntary, repetitive, and choreatic movements (writhing, twisting).
- Worsening as disease progresses
- Treatment is palliative; medications (antipsychotics, antidepressants, antichorea drugs) may offer some benefit
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Description
This quiz explores the classifications, symptoms, and treatments associated with headaches and seizure disorders, including tension-type, migraine, and cluster headaches. It also covers drug and adjunctive therapies for managing these conditions. Test your knowledge and understanding of these important health topics.
