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Questions and Answers
Which structure is responsible for warming, filtering, and providing humidity to the air taken in during inspiration?
Which structure is responsible for warming, filtering, and providing humidity to the air taken in during inspiration?
What are the three separate compartments of the turbinates?
What are the three separate compartments of the turbinates?
Which part of the pharynx serves as a muscular tube that constricts, allowing the passage of food?
Which part of the pharynx serves as a muscular tube that constricts, allowing the passage of food?
Which nerve is responsible for motor and sensory supply to the muscles for facial expressions?
Which nerve is responsible for motor and sensory supply to the muscles for facial expressions?
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Which cranial nerves are involved in the sensory and motor supply of the upper airway?
Which cranial nerves are involved in the sensory and motor supply of the upper airway?
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What structures provide a basis for directing and providing care for patients receiving ENT surgery?
What structures provide a basis for directing and providing care for patients receiving ENT surgery?
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Which nerve is responsible for eliciting the gag reflex during instrumentation of the posterior pharynx and vallecula?
Which nerve is responsible for eliciting the gag reflex during instrumentation of the posterior pharynx and vallecula?
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Which nerve descends to the hyoid bone and then branches into the internal laryngeal nerve and the exterior laryngeal nerve?
Which nerve descends to the hyoid bone and then branches into the internal laryngeal nerve and the exterior laryngeal nerve?
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Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the trachea and area below the vocal cords?
Which nerve supplies sensory innervation to the trachea and area below the vocal cords?
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Which structure divides the nares or nostrils?
Which structure divides the nares or nostrils?
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Which part of the nasal cavities greatly increases the surface area and aids in filtration and humidification of inspired gases?
Which part of the nasal cavities greatly increases the surface area and aids in filtration and humidification of inspired gases?
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Which nerve supplies sensory and motor innervation to the nose, sinuses, palate, and tongue?
Which nerve supplies sensory and motor innervation to the nose, sinuses, palate, and tongue?
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Which cranial nerve is responsible for sensory supply to the upper airway and is required to provide sufficient local and regional anesthesia?
Which cranial nerve is responsible for sensory supply to the upper airway and is required to provide sufficient local and regional anesthesia?
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Which structures of the head and neck are commonly abnormal, distorted, or deviated, leading to the need for ENT surgical procedures?
Which structures of the head and neck are commonly abnormal, distorted, or deviated, leading to the need for ENT surgical procedures?
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Which nerve descends over the lateral thyroid cartilage to the distal trachea?
Which nerve descends over the lateral thyroid cartilage to the distal trachea?
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Which nerve lies between the trachea and esophagus and supplies sensory innervation to the trachea and area below the vocal cords?
Which nerve lies between the trachea and esophagus and supplies sensory innervation to the trachea and area below the vocal cords?
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Which nerve is responsible for eliciting the gag reflex during instrumentation of the posterior pharynx and vallecula?
Which nerve is responsible for eliciting the gag reflex during instrumentation of the posterior pharynx and vallecula?
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Which nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the trachea and the area below the vocal cords?
Which nerve is responsible for the sensory innervation of the trachea and the area below the vocal cords?
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Which nerve descends to the hyoid bone and branches into the internal laryngeal nerve and the exterior laryngeal nerve?
Which nerve descends to the hyoid bone and branches into the internal laryngeal nerve and the exterior laryngeal nerve?
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Which cranial nerve supplies sensory innervation to the trachea and area below the vocal cords?
Which cranial nerve supplies sensory innervation to the trachea and area below the vocal cords?
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Which part of the pharynx serves as a muscular tube that constricts, allowing the passage of food?
Which part of the pharynx serves as a muscular tube that constricts, allowing the passage of food?
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Which nerve supplies motor and sensory innervation to the muscles for facial expressions?
Which nerve supplies motor and sensory innervation to the muscles for facial expressions?
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Which cranial nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to the nose, sinuses, palate, and tongue?
Which cranial nerve provides sensory and motor innervation to the nose, sinuses, palate, and tongue?
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Which part of the pharynx is continuous with the internal nasal cavities and extends to the soft palate?
Which part of the pharynx is continuous with the internal nasal cavities and extends to the soft palate?
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What are the major structures of the oropharynx?
What are the major structures of the oropharynx?
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Where is the facial nerve (CN VII) located?
Where is the facial nerve (CN VII) located?
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Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the base of the tongue?
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the base of the tongue?
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Which muscle is responsible for pulling the hyoid bone inferiorly?
Which muscle is responsible for pulling the hyoid bone inferiorly?
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Which muscle relaxes the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Which muscle relaxes the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
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Which muscle adducts the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Which muscle adducts the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
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Which part of the pharynx is continuous with the internal nasal cavities and extends to the soft palate?
Which part of the pharynx is continuous with the internal nasal cavities and extends to the soft palate?
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What are the major structures of the oropharynx?
What are the major structures of the oropharynx?
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Where is the facial nerve (CN VII) located?
Where is the facial nerve (CN VII) located?
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Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the base of the tongue?
Which nerve provides sensory innervation to the base of the tongue?
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Which muscle is responsible for pulling the hyoid bone inferiorly?
Which muscle is responsible for pulling the hyoid bone inferiorly?
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Which nerve supplies sensory and motor innervation to the nose, sinuses, palate, and tongue?
Which nerve supplies sensory and motor innervation to the nose, sinuses, palate, and tongue?
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Which part of the pharynx is continuous with the internal nasal cavities and extends to the soft palate?
Which part of the pharynx is continuous with the internal nasal cavities and extends to the soft palate?
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Which structure divides the nares or nostrils?
Which structure divides the nares or nostrils?
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What is the narrowest point of the larynx in adults?
What is the narrowest point of the larynx in adults?
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Which nerve is responsible for eliciting the gag reflex during instrumentation of the posterior pharynx and vallecula?
Which nerve is responsible for eliciting the gag reflex during instrumentation of the posterior pharynx and vallecula?
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Which muscle pulls the hyoid bone inferiorly?
Which muscle pulls the hyoid bone inferiorly?
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Which muscle relaxes the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
Which muscle relaxes the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve?
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Which nerve innervates the muscles that adduct the vocal cords?
Which nerve innervates the muscles that adduct the vocal cords?
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Which of the following is NOT a factor taken into consideration when determining the level of anesthesia used for a medical procedure?
Which of the following is NOT a factor taken into consideration when determining the level of anesthesia used for a medical procedure?
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Study Notes
Respiratory and Pharyngeal Structures
- Nasal cavity warms, filters, and humidifies air during inspiration.
- Turbinates consist of three compartments: inferior, middle, and superior turbinate.
- The oropharynx serves as a muscular tube that constricts for food passage.
Nerves and Cranial Nerves
- Facial nerve (CN VII) supplies motor and sensory functions for facial expressions.
- Cranial nerves involved in upper airway sensory and motor supply include CN V (trigeminal nerve) and CN IX (glossopharyngeal nerve).
- Vagus nerve (CN X) elicits the gag reflex when the posterior pharynx and vallecula are stimulated.
- Superior laryngeal nerve branches from the vagus; descends to the hyoid bone, splitting into internal and external laryngeal nerves.
- Vagus nerve provides sensory innervation to the trachea and area below the vocal cords.
Anatomical Structures and Surgical Considerations
- Nasal septum divides the nares (nostrils).
- Conchae in the nasal cavities expand surface area, enhancing filtration and humidity of incoming air.
- Important anatomical structures for directing ENT surgical care include abnormal or deviated nasal and pharyngeal structures.
Muscle Functions
- The thyrohyoid muscle pulls the hyoid bone inferiorly.
- The cricothyroid muscle, innervated by the external laryngeal nerve, relaxes the vocal cords.
- The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle adducts the vocal cords, also innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Pharyngeal Regions
- The nasopharynx is continuous with the internal nasal cavities and extends to the soft palate.
- Major structures in the oropharynx include the base of the tongue, palatine tonsils, and the soft palate.
Additional Nerve Functions
- Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) provides sensory innervation to the base of the tongue.
- Mandibular nerve (a branch of CN V) supplies sensory and motor innervation to the nose, sinuses, palate, and tongue.
Laryngeal Characteristics
- The narrowest point of the larynx in adults is the airway at the level of the vocal cords.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the functional anatomy of the head and neck for anesthesia in ear, nose, throat, and maxillofacial surgery. Learn about specialized anesthetic considerations and surgical and anesthetic techniques in this comprehensive quiz.
