Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the role of HBV viral DNA in host cells?
What is the role of HBV viral DNA in host cells?
Viral DNA acts as a mutagenic agent, causing secondary chromosomal rearrangement and increasing genomic instability.
How can ultrasound imaging aid in the diagnosis of HCC?
How can ultrasound imaging aid in the diagnosis of HCC?
Ultrasound can detect hypo or hyperechoic nodules in cirrhotic patients, which may be suspicious of HCC. It can also help in confirming HCC if the AFP level is >200ng/ml with a mass.
Under what circumstances is liver biopsy avoided in the diagnosis of HCC?
Under what circumstances is liver biopsy avoided in the diagnosis of HCC?
Liver biopsy is avoided in patients eligible for transplantation or surgical resection due to the risk of tumor seedling along the needle tract.
How is HCC diagnosed in nodules larger than 2cm?
How is HCC diagnosed in nodules larger than 2cm?
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What factors are assessed by most HCC staging systems to determine prognosis?
What factors are assessed by most HCC staging systems to determine prognosis?
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Study Notes
Role of HBV Viral DNA
- HBV viral DNA integrates into host cell genome, leading to malignant transformation and development of HCC
Diagnosis of HCC
- Ultrasound imaging aids in diagnosis of HCC by detecting liver nodules and monitoring their growth
Liver Biopsy
- Liver biopsy is avoided in diagnosis of HCC when:
- Liver function is impaired
- Coagulopathy is present
- Patients have a high risk of bleeding
- Other diagnostic tests are conclusive
Diagnosis of HCC in Large Nodules
- HCC is diagnosed in nodules larger than 2cm by:
- Detection of liver-specific tumor markers (e.g. AFP)
- Radiological characteristics on imaging (e.g. CT, MRI)
HCC Staging
- Most HCC staging systems assess the following factors to determine prognosis:
- Tumor size and number
- Vascular invasion
- Lymph node involvement
- Metastasis
- Liver function (e.g. Child-Pugh score)
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Description
Test your knowledge on the pathogenesis of Hepatitis B Virus and the detection of Hepatocellular Carcinoma (HCC) through liver imaging and tumor marker investigations.
