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Questions and Answers
What was the primary initial interest of Americans and Europeans in Hawaii during the 1820s?
What was the primary initial interest of Americans and Europeans in Hawaii during the 1820s?
Missionary work, spreading Christianity.
What was the name of the treaty that allowed Americans to import Hawaiian sugar without tariffs?
What was the name of the treaty that allowed Americans to import Hawaiian sugar without tariffs?
The Treaty of Reciprocity.
What significant financial effect did the Treaty of Reciprocity have on Hawaiian sugar exports between its signing and 1890?
What significant financial effect did the Treaty of Reciprocity have on Hawaiian sugar exports between its signing and 1890?
The value increased by over 700%.
What was the Hawaiian League also known as?
What was the Hawaiian League also known as?
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Study Notes
Hawaiian Annexation by the US
- Hawaii, comprised of islands, was a sovereign kingdom for over a century
- Kamehameha the Great unified the islands in 1795
- American and European interest in Hawaii grew in the 1820s, primarily through missionaries.
- Missionaries' focus shifted to profit from sugar plantations
- White Americans and Europeans acquired significant land, wealth, and political power.
- The 1845 Hawaiian cabinet included four white Americans and a Scot
- US westward expansion fueled Hawaiian sugar industry growth.
- The Treaty of Reciprocity allowed duty-free import of Hawaiian sugar to the US.
- Hawaiian sugar exports increased by over 700% between the treaty signing and 1890.
- Powerful businessmen and politicians formed the "Hawaiian League" aiming for annexation, also known as the Annexation Club
- The League secured control of the Honolulu Rifles.
- King Kalakaua was forced to sign the Bayonet Constitution, losing significant power to the League.
- Peter C. Jones and Sanford B. Dole, head of a major sugar company and later founder of Dole Foods, were key figures in the League.
- King Kalakaua died and his sister, Lili'uokalani, became Queen.
- Lili'uokalani attempted to repeal the Bayonet Constitution with popular Hawaiian support.
- The Hawaiian League orchestrated a coup for annexation.
- On January 17, 1893, the Honolulu Rifles marched on Lili'uokalani's palace in O'ahu
- US troops (Marines and Sailors from the USS Boston) were deployed to protect US interests, effectively supporting the coup.
- Queen Lili'oukulani surrendered without significant resistance.
- She abdicated in 1895.
- A failed native Hawaiian rebellion to restore the monarchy followed
- The Republic of Hawaii was proclaimed, with Dole as president.
- US President Cleveland opposed annexation on moral grounds.
- President Cleveland's successor did not object.
- Hawaii was annexed in 1898 and Dole became the territory's first governor.
- Annexation occurred despite the objections of native Hawaiians.
- Native Hawaiians became a minority due to immigration.
- The US annexation has been permanent.
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Description
Explore the complex history of Hawaii's annexation by the United States. Discover the role of missionaries, the growth of the sugar industry, and the political maneuvers that led to the loss of Hawaiian sovereignty. This quiz will challenge your understanding of key events and figures involved in this significant period.
