Podcast
Questions and Answers
When should you insert a citation if the sentence ends before the citation?
When should you insert a citation if the sentence ends before the citation?
In a reference list, how should entries be organized?
In a reference list, how should entries be organized?
What information should be included when citing a book in Harvard referencing?
What information should be included when citing a book in Harvard referencing?
Which of the following is true when citing electronic resources?
Which of the following is true when citing electronic resources?
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What is the standardized format for citing journal articles in a reference list?
What is the standardized format for citing journal articles in a reference list?
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Why is proper implementation of Harvard referencing important?
Why is proper implementation of Harvard referencing important?
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What information should be included when introducing information from another source in Harvard referencing?
What information should be included when introducing information from another source in Harvard referencing?
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How should multiple works published in the same year be distinguished in Harvard referencing?
How should multiple works published in the same year be distinguished in Harvard referencing?
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In Harvard referencing, how should direct quotations or specific numerical data be cited within the text?
In Harvard referencing, how should direct quotations or specific numerical data be cited within the text?
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What should be done when referring to an online resource with no available page numbers in Harvard referencing?
What should be done when referring to an online resource with no available page numbers in Harvard referencing?
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Which of the following is NOT a component of an in-text citation in Harvard referencing?
Which of the following is NOT a component of an in-text citation in Harvard referencing?
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How would you properly attribute a quote from Brown in 2020 in Harvard referencing?
How would you properly attribute a quote from Brown in 2020 in Harvard referencing?
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Study Notes
Harvard Referencing Basics
As one of the most widely used citation styles worldwide, Harvard referencing lays down guidelines for properly attributing sources within your academic writing while also creating a comprehensive reference list. This guide will help you navigate through two essential aspects of Harvard referencing: in-text citations and reference list formatting.
In-Text Citations
In Harvard referencing, you'll incorporate citations directly into your text using parentheses. When introducing information from another source, place the author’s last name followed by their year of publication inside brackets immediately after relevant phrases or sentences. For instance:
According to Smith (2018), climate change has become more evident due to rising sea levels....
If multiple works were published in the same year, append lowercase letters to distinguish them. Here's how it would look if you cited two different authors with publications from 2019:
Jones (2019a) argued..., whereas Brown (2019b) countered....
When mentioning direct quotations or specific numerical data, include both the author and the page number(s):
As noted by Williams (2020), "climate justice is fundamental..." (p. 4).
And when referring to an online resource with no available page numbers, indicate this by abbreviating paragraph number(s):
Johnson et al. (2021) explain that "carbon capture technologies present viable solutions." Para. 2.
Keep in mind that punctuation differs slightly depending on whether the sentence ends before or after the citation. If ending before, end the sentence first, then insert the citation; otherwise, do so in reverse order.
Reference List Formatting
The reference list comprises all citations mentioned throughout your work, listed alphabetically according to the authors' surnames. Each entry follows a standardized format where you specify details like the author, title, publisher, location, etc., separated by specific symbols.
For books:
Lastname First Initial Year Title Publisher City State: Country of Publication Edition (if applicable).
Example: Smith J 2020 Climate Change Cambridge University Press New York NY: USA.
For journal articles:
Lastname First Initial Year 'Article Title' Journal Volume(Issue): Page Range - Publisher Location.
Example: Johnson A, Banks K & Gardner M 2022 'Implementing Carbon Capture Technologies' Energy Policy 160: 1-12 - Elsevier Amsterdam NL.
Notice that when citing electronic resources, include URLs instead of locations. Also, note that some variations of Harvard referencing may differ slightly regarding formatting or certain cases.
Remember, proper implementation of Harvard referencing improves credibility and helps readers locate original material easily. However, always consult the appropriate manual or seek guidance when unsure about particular scenarios.
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Description
Learn the basics of Harvard referencing, including how to create in-text citations and format a reference list correctly. Understand how to cite sources within your academic writing using the Harvard style guidelines for both in-text citations and reference lists.
